Anne Elisabeth Munster Halvari

• Holtan, Kristin H.; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth Munster; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Øvergård, Kjell Ivar & Halvari, Halgeir (2024). The role of leadership in nurses' wellbeing and performance: A cross-sectional survey using a dual motivational pathway model. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.16084.
• Halvari, Halgeir & Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2023). Self-determined motivation, oral hygiene behavior, oral health, and oral health-related quality of life. In Ryan, Richard M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Self-Determination Theory. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780197600047. p. 861–872. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.001.0001.
• Rogers, Adam Austin; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth Münster; Johnsen, Jan-Are Kolset & Solbakk, Anne-Kristin (2023). Executive functioning as a moderator of flossing behaviour among young adults: a temporal self-regulation theory perspective. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine. ISSN 2164-2850. 11(1), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2249972. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Ivarsson, Andreas; Halvari, Halgeir; Dahl, Kari Elisabeth; Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Solstad, Bård Erlend [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Dental hygienists’ biopsychosocial beliefs and giving autonomy support in treatment of patients: A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Dental Hygiene. ISSN 1601-5029. 20(2), p. 193–202. doi: 10.1111/idh.12584. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Self-determination theory posits that managers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour and employees’ autonomy causality orientation are motivation constructs to explain internalization of values, functioning and wellness at work. Hypothesis 1 tested whether profiles comprising perceived dental clinic managers’ autonomy-supportive, as opposed to their controlling interpersonal style, and dental hygienists’ autonomy, as opposed to their control and impersonal, causality orientations at baseline, would be positively related to dental hygienists’ biopsychosocial (BPS) beliefs and giving autonomy support in treatment of patients after 18 months. Hypothesis 2 tested whether dental hygienists’ BPS beliefs in treatment of patients will be positively associated with their autonomy-supportive behaviour given to patients after 18 months. Material and methods A prospective cohort design with 299 (Mage = 42.71; SDage = 12.62) dental hygienists completed an online survey at baseline and after 18 months. Results Latent profile and correlational analyses supported the hypotheses. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Conclusions Both perceived managerial styles and dental hygienists’ causality orientations are important for dental hygienists’ BPS beliefs and autonomy-supportive behaviours when working with dental patients.

• Halvari, Anne E.M.; Ivarsson, Andreas; Halvari, Hallgeir; Olafsen, Anja H.; Solstad, Bård & Niemiec, Christopher P. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). A prospective study of knowledge sharing at work based on self-determination theory. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. ISSN 2002-2867. 6(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.16993/sjwop.140. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Knowledge sharing involves the provision or receipt of information, know-how, best practices, lessons learned, and/or feedback about a task, product, and/or procedure in order to develop new skills and competencies at work which can improve individual, group, and/or organizational performances. Based on self-determination theory, the study partners hypothesized that people with more self-determined latent profiles will report more knowledge sharing at work over 18 months than people with less self-determined latent profiles. Participants were 299 dental hygienists who completed a national online survey at baseline and at 18 months. Results of a Latent Profile Analysis revealed that dental hygienists with the most self-determined profile (Profile 2) reported a higher level of knowledge sharing at work at 18 months than dental hygienists in: Profile 1, “the controlled profile,” characterized by perceptions of managerial control and relatively high levels of the control orientation—moderate effect size; Profile 3, “the helpless profile,” characterized by the impersonal orientation and an absence of the autonomy orientation—large effect size; and Profile 4, “the mixed profile,” characterized by both the highest levels of fear of failure and control orientation but also by high levels of autonomy orientation and perceived managerial autonomy support—moderate effect size. Applied implications, particularly around ways to maximize managerial autonomy support and minimize managerial control to promote well-being and performance and reduce ill-being and non-effective functioning, are discussed.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Halgeir & Deci, Edward (2020). The roles of patients' authenticity and accepting external influence, and clinicians' treatment styles in predicting patients' dental anxiety and avoidance of dental appointments. Europe's Journal of Psychology. ISSN 1841-0413. 16(1), p. 45–61. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1664. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A substantial proportion of adults suffer from high dental anxiety, which is related to poor oral health and functioning. Using authenticity theory and self-determination theory, we applied a model testing two moderated mediation hypotheses: (i) the negative indirect association between authenticity and avoiding dental appointments through dental anxiety would be more evident when clinicians provides higher levels of autonomy support; and (ii) the indirect positive association between accepting external influence and avoiding dental appointments through dental anxiety would be more evident when clinicians provides higher levels of controllingness. Participants (N = 208) responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. The model with hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in LISREL and Conditional Process Modeling (moderated mediation). The results supported our hypotheses. The SEM model tested was found to fit the data well. Patient’s personality and dental clinic treatment environments predicted 38% of the variance in dental anxiety, which explained 38% of avoidance of treatment.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Halgeir; Deci, Edward & Williams, Geoffrey C. (2019). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment and dental attendance: The roles of the locus of causality personality and treatment styles. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. ISSN 0021-9029. 50(3), p. 133–144. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12645. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The purpose of the present study was to test a self‐determination theory model with the following hypotheses: (1) Patients’ autonomous causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ autonomy‐supportive treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with dental attendance through patients’ autonomous motivation for dental treatment. (2) Patients’ controlled causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ controlling treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with avoidance of making a dental clinic appointment through patients’ anxiety for dental treatment. A sample size of about 200 patients was estimated to be acceptable in detecting moderate effect sizes (independent variables: 5–6; power: .80; p < .05). Student patients (N = 226) responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Using LISREL, both hypotheses were supported. In addition, patients’ perception of a controlling treatment style moderated the controlled personality—dental anxiety relation, so that a lower controlling treatment style mitigated dental anxiety substantially among patients with a high control orientation. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Analyses (Z‐scores) also revealed that the autonomous personality is more strongly linked to situational autonomous motivation than situational autonomy support, whereas a controlled personality and a perceived controlling treatment style are equally and significantly associated to dental anxiety. Both patient personalities and oral health care professionals’ treatment styles are substantially linked to autonomous motivation and anxiety for dental treatment, which are relatively strongly associated with dental attendance and avoiding dental clinic appointments, respectively.

• Halvari, Anne; Halvari, Halgeir; Deci, Edward & Williams, Geoffrey C. (2019). Autonomy-supportive dental treatment, oral health-related eudaimonic well-being and oral health: a randomized clinical trial. Psychology and Health. ISSN 0887-0446. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1613546. Show summary

  Objective: We tested the hypotheses that a dental intervention designed to promote oral care competence in an autonomy-supportive way, relative to standard care, would positively predict patients’ perceived autonomy support from oral health-care professionals, increases in eudaimonic well-being (i.e. both personal growth and purposeful behaviour goals) and improved oral health (i.e. reduced dental bacterial plaque on tooth surface and reduced gingivitis) over 5.5months. We also tested a self-determination theory model with the intervention positively predicting perceived autonomy support, which in turn would predict increases in eudemonic well-being, leading to improved oral health. Design: A randomised two-group experiment was conducted at a dental clinic with 138 patients (Mag=23.31 yr, SD=3.5). Variables were measured before and right after the intervention and 5.5months later. Results: Overall, the experiment and hypothesised process models received strong support. The effect sizes were large for perceived autonomy support, change in personal growth, change in dental plaque and change in gingivitis, whereas the effect size for purposeful behaviour was moderate. The measurement and structural equation models for the SDT process model received good fit. Conclusions: The current field experiment extends previous knowledge by showing that promoting patient oral care competence in an autonomy-supportive way improves oral health through patients’ eudaimonic well-being.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Halgeir & Deci, Edward (2019). Dental anxiety, oral health‐related quality of life, and general well‐being: A self‐determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. ISSN 0021-9029. 49(5), p. 295–306. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12583. Show summary

  The aim of this study was to test a structural equation model (SEM) with the following hypotheses: (1) patients’ perceptions of oral health care professionals’ (i.e., dentists and dental hygienists) controlling interpersonal styles would positively predict patients’ dental anxiety through their basic psychological need frustration in treatment; (2) in turn, high dental anxiety would positively predict dysregulation of dental anxiety, which through a feedback loop contributes to perception of oral health care professionals’ controlling styles; and, (3) in addition, both dental anxiety and dysregulation of dental anxiety would predict poor Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and subsequently poor general well‐being. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 322 students at the University of Oslo. Participants responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. All variables in the model tested were acceptably normally distributed. The SEM did fit the data well and all hypotheses were supported. A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. Analysis indicated that common method variance (CMV) did not seriously distort the results in this setting. Although the majority of oral health care professionals are perceived as being noncontrolling by their patients (51%), the proportion perceived as moderately (38%) or highly (11%) controlling represent a challenge for oral health care education and practice. It would be useful for oral health care professionals to be trained in avoiding a controlling treatment style.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir & Deci, Edward (2017). Attending and avoiding dental appointments: Do “bright” and “dark” motivational paths have a role? International Journal of Dental Hygiene. ISSN 1601-5029. 16(2), p. 286–297. doi: 10.1111/idh.12274. Show summary

  The aim of this study was to test a self-determination theory (SDT) process model of the “bright” and the “dark” motivational pathways through dental attendance or avoidance to oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 students from all study disciplines at the University of Oslo. Participants responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to test the SDT model, and a bootstrapping procedure was used to test the indirect links in the model. Results Along the “bright” path: Autonomy support at the dental clinic was positively associated with need satisfaction in treatment, which was positively associated with autonomous motivation for dental treatment and reappraisal of dental anxiety. Further, autonomous motivation was positively related to dental attendance, which in turn predicted oral health. Also, both autonomous motivation and reappraisal of anxiety were negatively related to avoiding dental appointments. Along the “dark” path: Conditional regard at the dental clinic positively predicted need frustration in treatment, which positively predicted dental anxiety. In turn, dental anxiety positively predicted avoiding appointments, along with the negative predictions by autonomy and anxiety reappraisal. Finally, oral health was negatively predicted by avoiding appointments. A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. A SEM fit the data very well. Conclusions Because of the high level of explained variances for dental attendance (42%) and avoiding dental appointments (52%), promoting autonomy support and avoiding conditional regard at the dental clinic may be important for patients' oral health.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Williams, Geoffrey C. & Deci, Edward (2017). Predicting Dental Attendance from Dental Hygienists’ Autonomy Support and Patients’ Autonomous Motivation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychology and Health. ISSN 0887-0446. 32(2), p. 127–144. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1244536. Show summary

  Objective: To test the hypothesis that a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) intervention designed to promote oral health care competence in an autonomy-supportive way would predict change in caries competence relative to standard care. Further, to test the SDT process path-model hypotheses with: (1) the intervention and individual differences in Relative Autonomous Locus of Causality (RALOC) predicting increases in caries competence, which in turn would positively predict dental attendance; (2) RALOC negatively predicting dental anxiety, which would negatively predict dental attendance; (3) RALOC and caries disease referred to the dentist after an autonomy-supportive clinical exam directly positively predicting dental attendance; and (4) the intervention moderating the link between RALOC and dental attendance. Design: A randomized two-group experiment was conducted at a dental clinic with 138 patients (Mage = 23.31 yr., SD = 3.5), with pre- and post-measures in a period of 5.5 months. Results: The experimental model was supported. The SDT path model fit the data well and supported the hypotheses explaining 63% of the variance in dental attendance. Conclusions: Patients personality (RALOC) and hygienists promoting oral health care competence in an autonomy-supportive way, performance of autonomy-supportive clinical exams, and reductions of anxiety for dental treatment have important practical implications for patients’ dental attendance.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2013). Oral health and dental well-being: testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. ISSN 0021-9029. 43(2), p. 275–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00996.x.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2012). Self-Determined Motivational Predictors of Increases in Dental Behaviors, Decreases in Dental Plaque, and Improvement in Oral Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Health Psychology. ISSN 0278-6133. 31(6), p. 777–788. doi: 10.1037/a0027062.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2012). Motivation for Dental Home Care: Testing a Self-Determination Theory Model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. ISSN 0021-9029. 42(1), p. 1–39. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00867.x.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2010). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance. Motivation and Emotion. ISSN 0146-7239. 34(1), p. 15–33. doi: 10.1007/s11031-010-9154-0. Show summary

  The present study: (1) developed a Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Dental Treatment (SRQDT) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci and Ryan, Psychol Inq 11:227-268, 2000), and (2) used it to test a SDT process model of oral self-care behaviours and dental clinic attendance. Patients' perceptions of autonomy supportive (relative to controlling) dental professionals were expected to be positively associated with patients' psychological needs satisfaction in treatment, which was expected to be positively related to relative autonomous motivation for dental treatment and perceived dental competence, and negatively related to anxiety for dental treatment. In turn, relative autonomous motivation for dental treatment and perceived dental competence were expected to be positively associated with oral self-care behaviours and dental clinic attendance. Anxiety for dental treatment was expected to be negatively related to dental clinic attendance and positively linked to putting off making a dental clinic appointment. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 5 factor SRQDT model fit the data very well, and a structural equation model supported the hypothesized process model.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. & Halvari, Hallgeir (2006). Motivational predictors of change in oral health: An experimental test of self-determination theory. Motivation and Emotion. ISSN 0146-7239. 30, p. 295–306.

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• Dahl, Kari Elisabeth & Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2019). Folkehelse- en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Kapittel om oral helse i folkehelsearbeidet-sett i et tannpleierperspektiv . Oplandske Bokforlag. ISBN 978-82-7518-232-4. 240 p.

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• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2023). Kjernekompetanse hos tannpleiere. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening. ISSN 1501-8636. p. 1–36.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2023). Oral helse i et folkehelseperspektiv.
• Holtan, Kristin; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Øvergård, Kjell Ivar (2023). The bright and dark motivational path to nurses` work functioning and well-being.
• Kranstad, Vibeke; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Williams, Geoffrey Colin (2023). Dental anxiety patients’ experiences of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction after treatment in Interdisciplinary treatment teams. A qualitative study.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Ivarsson, Andreas; Halvari, Halgeir; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Solstad, Bård Erlend & Williams, Geoffrey Colin (2023). A prospective study of knowledge sharing at work based on self-determination theory.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2022). Self-Determination Theory – Autonomy Support and Improving Oral Health, Oral Health Psychology. Springer. ISSN 9783031042478. p. 113–126.
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Ivarsson, Andreas; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Halvari, Halgeir; Solstad, Bård & Niemiec, Christopher P. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). ​A Prospective Study of Knowledge Sharing at Work Based on Self-Determination Theory.
• Holtan, Kristin; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Øvergård, Kjell Ivar & Halvari, Hallgeir (2022). Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Leadership, Motivational Processes, Job​Engagement and Performance, and Somatic Symptom Burden among Nurses.
• Lein, Jostein Paul Årøen; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. & Johnsen, Jan-Are Kolset (2018). Atferdsendring. In Willumsen, Tiril; Myran, Lena & Lein, Jostein Paul Årøen (Ed.), Odontologisk psykologi. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205510791. p. 83–100.

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