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• Hassan, Hafiz Wajahat; Rahmati, Maryam; Barrantes Bautista, Alejandro; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Mirtaheri, Peyman (2022). In Vitro Monitoring of Magnesium-based Implants Degradation by Surface Analysis and Optical Spectroscopy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 23(11). doi: 10.3390/ijms23116099. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Magnesium (Mg)-based degradable alloys have attracted substantial attention for tissue engineering applications due to their biodegradability and potential for avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, insufficient data in the existing literature regarding Mg’s corrosion and gas formation after implantation have delayed its wide clinical application. Since the surface properties of degradable materials constantly change after contact with body fluid, monitoring the behavior of Mg in phantoms or buffer solutions could provide some information about its physicochemical surface changes over time. Through surface analysis and spectroscopic analysis, we aimed to investigate the structural and functional properties of degradable disks. Since bubble formation may lead to inflammation and change pH, monitoring components related to acidosis near the cells is essential. To study the bubble formation in cell culture media, we used a newly developed Mg alloy (based on Mg, Zinc and Calcium), pure Mg and commercially available grade 2 Titanium (Ti) disks in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) solution to observe their behavior over ten days of immersion. Using surface analysis, and the information from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we concluded conditions associated with the medical risks of Mg alloy disintegration. NIRS is used to investigate the degradation behaviour of Mg-based disks in the cell culture media, which is correlated with the surface analysis where possible.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Stoetzel, Sabine; El Khassawna, Thaqif; Mao, Chenyi; Ali, Adilijiang & Vaughan, Joshua C. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Intrinsically disordered peptides enhance regenerative capacities of bone composite xenografts . Materials Today. ISSN 1369-7021. 52, p. 63–79. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.12.001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Biomaterial scientists design organic bone substitutes based on the biochemical properties of the mimicked tissue to achieve near native functionality. Several non-collagenous proteins in bone are known as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), as they lack detectible ordered domains and a fixed 3D structure under physiological conditions. Many IDPs perform regulatory roles in a range of cellular functions, which motivated us to design two proline-rich disordered peptides (P2 and P6) and augmented them into the SmartBone® (SBN) biohybrid substitute. Recently we reported an improved proliferation and osteogensis of human osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells in the composite groups containing peptides (named here as SBN + P2 and SBN + P6) in vitro. To address the effects of these composites on bone formation and biomineralization, this in vivo study investigated their functions in critical size craniotomy defects in 16 domestic pigs after 8 and 16 weeks of healing. For this purpose, we used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), microCT (µCT), histology, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent labeling of abundant reactive entities (FLARE), synchrotron SAXS/XRD, optical photothermal IR (O-PTIR) microscopy and nanoscale atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) analyses. Our results represent new synthetic IDPs as potential candidates for directing bone formation and biomineralization. The SBN + P6 stimulated significantly higher bone formation and biomineralization after 8 weeks of healing compared to other groups indicating its potential in stimulating early biomineralization. After 16 weeks of healing, the SBN + P2 induced significantly higher bone formation and biomineralization compared to other groups indicating its effects on later bone formation and biomineralization processes. The vigorous stretching of amide primary and secondary IR absorbance peaks at 1660 and 1546 cm−1 in the SBN + P2 group verified that this peptide experienced more conformational changes after 16 weeks of implantation with a higher phosphate intensity at 1037 cm−1 compared to peptide 6. Overall, P2 and P6 are promising candidates for bone augmentation strategies in critical clinical applications. We concluded that FLARE and O-PTIR are promising tools in evaluating and diagnosing the biochemical structure of bone tissue and the bone-biomaterial interface.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Stötzel, Sabine; El Khassawna, Thaqif; Iskhahova, Kamila; Wieland, D.C. Florian & Plumhoff, Berit Zeller [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Early Osteoimmunomodulatory Effects of Magnesium–Calcium–Zinc alloys. Journal of Tissue Engineering. ISSN 2041-7314. doi: 10.1177/20417314211047100. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Today, substantial attention is given to biomaterial strategies for bone regeneration, and among them, there is a growing interest in using immunomodulatory biomaterials. The ability of a biomaterial to induce neo vascularization and macrophage polarization is a major factor in defining its success. Magnesium (Mg)-based degradable alloys have attracted significant attention for bone regeneration owing to their biodegradability and potential for avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, there is insufficient evidence in the literature regarding the early inflammatory responses to these alloys in vivo. In this study, we investigated the early body responses to Mg 0.45 wt%Zn-0.45 wt%Ca pin-shaped alloy (known as ZX00 alloy) in rat femora 2, 5 and 10 days after implantation. We used 3D micro computed tomography (μCT), histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometrical and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses to study new bone formation, early macrophage polarization, neo vascularization and bone quality at the implant bone interface. The expression of macrophage type 2 biological markers increased significantly after 10 days of Mg alloy implantation, indicating its potential in stimulating macrophage polarization. Our biomineralization results using μCT as well as histological stained sections did not indicate any statistically significant differences between different time points for both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) biological markers decreased significantly for Mg group, indicating less osteoblast activity. Generally, our results supported the potential of ZX00 alloy to enhance the expression of macrophage polarization in vivo; however, we could not observe any statistically significant changes regarding biomineralization.

• Palombo, David; Rahmati, Maryam; Vignoletti, Fabio; Esporrin, Javier Sanz; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Sanz, Mariano (2021). Hard and soft tissue healing around implants with a modified implant neck configuration: an experimental in vivo preclinical investigation. Clinical Oral Implants Research. ISSN 0905-7161. doi: 10.1111/clr.13812. Full text in Research Archive
• Rahmati, Maryam; Mills, David K.; Urbanska, Aleksandra M.; Saeb, Mohammad reza; Reddy Venugopal, Jayarama & RamaKrishna, Seeram [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Electrospinning for tissue engineering applications. Progress in Materials Science. ISSN 0079-6425. p. 1–39. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100721. Show summary

  Tissue engineering makes use of the principles of medicine, biology and engineering and integrates them into the design of biological substitutes to restore, maintain and improve the functions of tissue. To fabricate a functional tissue, the engineered structures have to be able to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), provide the tissue with oxygen and nutrient circulation as well as remove metabolic wastes in the period of tissue regeneration. Continued efforts have been made in order to fabricate advanced functional three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Electrospinning has been recognized and served as one of the most useful techniques based on the resemblance between electrospun fibers and the native tissues. Over the past few decades, a bewildering variety of nanofibrous scaffolds have been developed for various biomedical applications, such as tissue regeneration and therapeutic agent delivery. The present review aims to provide with researchers an in-depth understanding of the promising role and the practical region of applicability of electrospinning in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by highlighting the outcomes of the most recent studies performed in this field. We address the current strategies used for improving the physicochemical interactions between the cells and the nanofibrous surface. We also discuss the progress and challenges associated with the use of electrospinning for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Frank, Matthias Johannes; Walter, Martin Sebastian; Monjo Cabrer, Marta; Satué, María & Reseland, Janne Elin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Osteoimmunomodulatory effects of enamel matrix derivate and strontium coating layers: A short- and long-term in vivo study. ACS Applied Bio Materials (AABM). ISSN 2576-6422. 3, p. 5169–5181. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00608. Full text in Research Archive
• Rahmati, Maryam; Silva, Eduardo A.; Reseland, Janne Elin; Heyward, Catherine Anne & Haugen, Håvard Jostein (2020). Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chemical Society Reviews. ISSN 0306-0012. 49(15), p. 5178–5224. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00103a. Full text in Research Archive
• Rahmati, Maryam; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Reseland, Janne Elin; Andersbakken, Ingrid; Haugland, Heidi Straume & López-peña, Mónica [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Coating doxycycline on titanium-based implants: two in vivo studies. Bioactive Materials. ISSN 2452-199X. 5(4), p. 787–797. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.05.007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Regardless of the substantial progress in designing titanium-based dental implants and aseptic techniques, infection remains as the most common complication after implantation surgeries. Although, having a weakened immune system or systematic diseases is not seen as contraindicated for dental implants anymore, controlling the immune system is required to avoid surgical site infections after implantation. These patients have to control the surgical site infections by taking a high daily dose of oral antibiotics after dental implantation. The antibiotics oral administration has many side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes and thrush. Coating antibiotics on the biomaterials surface could be a promising solution to reduce these disadvantages through locally releasing antibiotics in a controlled manner. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of doxycycline coating layer on titanium-zirconium alloy surfaces in vitro and in vivo. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the chemical presence of doxycycline layer in vitro. In this study, we examined its physical presence using field emission scanning electron microscope and confocal microscope. We also analyzed its controlled released manner using Nano-Drop UV Vis spectrometer. After in vitro characterization of the coating layer, we evaluated its effects on the implant osseointegration in dogs and rabbits. The histological and histomorphometrical results exhibited no significant difference between doxycycline coated and uncoated groups regarding the implants osseointegration and biocompatibility for dental applications. Therefore, coating a doxycycline layer on TiZr implants could be favorable for reducing or removing the antibiotics oral administration after the implantation surgery.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Blaker, Jonathan James; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Mano, Joao F. & Haugen, Håvard Jostein (2020). Designing multigradient biomaterials for skin regeneration. Materials Today Advances. 5. doi: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2019.100051. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Skin defects are amongst the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which account for significantly high socioeconomic costs. Today, much attention is being paid to tissue engineering and biomaterials strategies for skin regeneration, and among them, there is increasing interest in using multigradient biomaterials. Gradient-based approaches are an emerging trend in tissue engineering for the homogeneous delivery of therapeutic agents by using biomaterials. Several studies have acknowledged that wound repair mechanisms could be enhanced through biomimicking physicochemical properties of different skin layers. In addition, in different layers of skin tissue, cells experience various physicochemical gradients, which potentially regulate their behaviors. Therefore, interface tissue engineering and biomaterials approaches are gaining increasing attention for skin regeneration through the incorporation of physicochemical gradients within the engineered constructs. This review first presents a necessary overview of the biological properties of skin tissue and its changes during repair in different tissue injuries. Fundamental issues and necessities of using different types of gradient scaffolds and interface tissue engineering strategies for skin regeneration are addressed. The focus of this review is on describing current progress in designing gradient scaffolds for controlling and directing cellular and molecular responses in skin tissue. The main used fabrication approaches, including both traditional and advanced methods for designing multigradient scaffolds, are also discussed.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Alipanahi, Zahra & Mozafari, Masoud (2019). Emerging Biomedical Applications of Algal Polysaccharides. Current pharmaceutical design. ISSN 1381-6128. 25(11), p. 1335–1344. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190423160357. Show summary

  Abstract: Background: Over the past two decades, there have been substantial progress and a growing body of research on using natural polymeric biomaterials in emerging biomedical applications. Among different natural biopolymers, polysaccharides have gained considerable attraction among biomedical scientists and surgeons due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In recent years, algalbased polysaccharides including agar, alginate, and carrageenan, have been broadly suggested for different biomedical applications. Methods: The aim of this paper is discussing various possible applications of algal-based polysaccharides in biomedical engineering particularly in controlled drug delivery systems. The main properties of each algal polysaccharide will be discussed, and particular drug delivery applications will be presented. Results: Algal polysaccharides can be detected in a group of photosynthetic unite as their key biomass constituents. They provide a range of variety in their size, shape, liquefaction, chemical stability, and crosslinking ability. In addition, algal polysaccharides have shown exceptional gelling properties including stimuli-responsive behavior, softness, and swelling properties. Conclusion: All the mentioned properties of alga polysaccharides lead to their successful usage in biomedical applications specially targeted and controlled drug delivery systems such as particles, capsules, and gels.

• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2019). Selective contribution of bioactive glasses to molecular and cellular pathways. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. ISSN 2373-9878. 6(1), p. 4–20. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01078. Show summary

  Over the past few decades, biomedical scientists and surgeons have given substantial attention to bioactive glasses as promising, long-lasting biomaterials that can make chemical connections with the neighboring hard and soft tissues. Several studies have examined the cellular and molecular responses to bioactive glasses to determine if they are suitable biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this regard, different ions and additives have been used recently to induce specific characteristics for selective cellular and molecular responses. This Review briefly describes foreign-body response mechanisms and the role of adsorbed proteins as the key players in starting interactions between cells and biomaterials. It then explains the physicochemical properties of the most common bioactive glasses, which have a significant impact on their cellular and molecular responses. It is expected that, with the development of novel strategies, the physiochemical properties of bioactive glasses can be engineered to precisely control proteins’ adsorption and cellular functions after implantation.

• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2019). Biocompatibility of alumina‐based biomaterials–A review. Journal of Cellular Physiology. ISSN 0021-9541. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27292.
• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2019). Nano-immunoengineering: Opportunities and challenges. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering. ISSN 2468-4511. 10, p. 51–59. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.02.001. Show summary

  Over the past few years, with the rapid progress in the field of nano-biotechnology and also increasing concerns regarding nanosafety, suggesting new strategies for modulating the toxicity of nanomaterials has attracted much attentions among biomedical engineering scientists. Recently, designing nanomaterials with high biocompatibility is a great challenge in the biomedicine world. It is crucial to investigate operative approaches for modulating the effects of nanomaterials’ surfaces on the cellular and molecular responses. Unlike many toxicological investigations and chemistry synthesis, the biocompatibility of nanomaterials still remains in its infancy. This short review addresses the current research concerning using nanomaterials in biomedical engineering applications. A general overview of the immunological responses to nanomaterials will be concisely discussed.

• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2019). Biological Response to Carbon-Family Nanomaterials: Interactions at the Nano-Bio Interface. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. ISSN 2296-4185. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  During the last few decades, several studies have suggested that carbon-based nanomaterials, owing to their unique properties, could act as promising candidates in biomedical engineering application. Wide-ranging research efforts have investigated the cellular and molecular responses to carbon-based nanomaterials at the nano-bio interfaces. In addition, a number of surface functionalization strategies have been introduced to improve their safety profile in the biological environment. The present review discusses the general principles of immunological responses to nanomaterials. Then, it explains essential physico-chemical properties of carbon-familynanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, fullerene, carbon quantum dots (CDs), diamond-like carbon (DLC), and mesoporous carbon biomaterials (MCNs), which significantly affect the immunological cellular and molecular responses at the nano-bio interface. The discussions also briefly highlight the recent studies that critically investigated the cellular and molecular responses to various carbon-based nanomaterials. It is expected that the most recent perspective strategies for improving the biological responses to carbon-based nanomaterials can revolutionize their functions in emerging biological applications.

• Rahmati, Maryam; Pennisi, Cristian pablo; Mobasheri, Ali & Mozafari, Masoud (2018). Bioengineered Scaffolds for Stem Cell Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine . In Turksen, Kursad (Eds.), Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 3. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-04185-4. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_215.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Pennisi, Cristian pablo; Mobasheri, Ali & Mozafari, Masoud (2018). Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends . In Turksen, Kursad (Eds.), Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 4 . Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-10486-3. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_278.
• Sefat, Farshid; Raja, Tehmeena israr; Zafar, Muhammad sohail; Khurshid, Zohaib; Najeeb, Shariq & Zohaib, Sana [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Nanoengineered biomaterials for cartilage repair. In Mozafari, Masoud; Rajadas, Jayakumar & Kaplan, David l (Ed.), Nanoengineered Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine . Elsevier. ISSN 9780128133569. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-813355-2.00003-X.
• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2018). Protein adsorption on polymers. Materials Today Communications. ISSN 2352-4928. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.024.
• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2018). A critical review on the cellular and molecular interactions at the interface of zirconia-based biomaterials. Ceramics International. ISSN 0272-8842. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.06.196.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Brouki milan, Peiman; Samadikuchaksaraei, Ali; Goodarzi, Vahabodin; Saeb, Mohammad reza & Kargozar, Saeid [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Ionically crosslinked Thermoresponsive chitosan hydrogels formed in situ: a conceptual basis for deeper understanding. Macromolecular materials and engineering (Print). ISSN 1438-7492. doi: 10.1002/mame.201700227.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Nalesso, Giovanna; Mobasheri, Ali & Mozafari, Masoud (2017). Aging and osteoarthritis: Central role of the extracellular matrix . Ageing Research Reviews. ISSN 1568-1637. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.004.
• Alasvand, Neda; Urbanska, Aleksandra M; Rahmati, Maryam; Saeidifar, Maryam; Gungor-ozkerim, P selcan & Sefat, Farshid [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Therapeutic Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs . In Grumezescu, Alexandru (Eds.), Multifunctional Systems for Combined Delivery, Biosensing and Diagnostics. Elsevier. ISSN 9780323527262. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-52725-5.00013-7.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Mobasheri, Ali & Mozafari, Masoud (2016). Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: A critical review of the state-of-the-art, current prospects, and future challenges. Bone. ISSN 8756-3282. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.019.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Mozafari, Masoud & Samadikuchaksaraei, Ali (2016). Insight into the interactive effects of β-glycerophosphate molecules on thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials. ISSN 2045-9858. doi: 10.1680/jbibn.15.00022.

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• Rahmati, Maryam; Johannes Frank, Matthias; Martin Walter, Sebastian; Cabrer Monjo, Marta; Satué, Maria & Reseland, Janne Elin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Osteo-immune responses to the enamel matrix derivative coating layer on titanium-based implants .
• Rahmati, Maryam; Palombo, David; Vignoletti, Fabio; Javier, Sanz-Esporrin; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Sanz, Mariano (2021). Tissue healing around PRAMA vs. PREMIUM implants .
• Rahmati, Maryam; Stoetzel, Sabine; El Khassawna, Thaqif; Wieland, D.C. Florian; Plumhoff, Berit Zeller & Iskhahova, Kamila [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). 2&3D imaging of osteogenesis and macrophage polarization in magnesium-based alloys .
• Rahmati, Maryam; Stoetzel, Sabine; El Khassawna, Thaqif; Wieland, Florian; Iskhahova, Kamila & Plumhoff, Berit Zeller [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). EARLY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO MAGNESIUM-BASED ALLOYS.
• Rahmati, Maryam; Brouki Milan, Peiman; Mozafari, Masoud & Samadikuchaksaraei, Ali (2019). Pro or anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin nanoparticles on osteoarthritis treatment? .
• Rahmati, Maryam; Mobasheri, Ali & Mozafari, Masoud (2017). Reply to" Comment on: Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: A critical review of the state-of-the art, prospects, and future challenges". Bone. ISSN 8756-3282. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.013.
• Rahmati, Maryam & Mozafari, Masoud (2015). The association between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: in bad company. Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity. ISSN 2329-9509. 3(134). doi: 10.4172/2329-9509.1000134.

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