Anne Elisabeth Munster Halvari

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Halgeir & Deci, Edward (2019). Dental anxiety, oral health‐related quality of life, and general well‐being: A self‐determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9029.  49(5), s 295- 306 . doi: 10.1111/jasp.12583 Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to test a structural equation model (SEM) with the following hypotheses: (1) patients’ perceptions of oral health care professionals’ (i.e., dentists and dental hygienists) controlling interpersonal styles would positively predict patients’ dental anxiety through their basic psychological need frustration in treatment; (2) in turn, high dental anxiety would positively predict dysregulation of dental anxiety, which through a feedback loop contributes to perception of oral health care professionals’ controlling styles; and, (3) in addition, both dental anxiety and dysregulation of dental anxiety would predict poor Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and subsequently poor general well‐being. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 322 students at the University of Oslo. Participants responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. All variables in the model tested were acceptably normally distributed. The SEM did fit the data well and all hypotheses were supported. A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. Analysis indicated that common method variance (CMV) did not seriously distort the results in this setting. Although the majority of oral health care professionals are perceived as being noncontrolling by their patients (51%), the proportion perceived as moderately (38%) or highly (11%) controlling represent a challenge for oral health care education and practice. It would be useful for oral health care professionals to be trained in avoiding a controlling treatment style.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Halgeir; Deci, Edward & Williams, Geoffrey C. (2019). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment and dental attendance: The roles of the locus of causality personality and treatment styles. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9029.  50(3), s 133- 144 . doi: 10.1111/jasp.12645 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of the present study was to test a self‐determination theory model with the following hypotheses: (1) Patients’ autonomous causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ autonomy‐supportive treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with dental attendance through patients’ autonomous motivation for dental treatment. (2) Patients’ controlled causality personality orientation and oral health care professionals’ controlling treatment styles, as perceived by patients, would both be positively indirectly associated with avoidance of making a dental clinic appointment through patients’ anxiety for dental treatment. A sample size of about 200 patients was estimated to be acceptable in detecting moderate effect sizes (independent variables: 5–6; power: .80; p < .05). Student patients (N = 226) responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Using LISREL, both hypotheses were supported. In addition, patients’ perception of a controlling treatment style moderated the controlled personality—dental anxiety relation, so that a lower controlling treatment style mitigated dental anxiety substantially among patients with a high control orientation. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Analyses (Z‐scores) also revealed that the autonomous personality is more strongly linked to situational autonomous motivation than situational autonomy support, whereas a controlled personality and a perceived controlling treatment style are equally and significantly associated to dental anxiety. Both patient personalities and oral health care professionals’ treatment styles are substantially linked to autonomous motivation and anxiety for dental treatment, which are relatively strongly associated with dental attendance and avoiding dental clinic appointments, respectively.

• Halvari, Anne; Halvari, Halgeir; Deci, Edward & Williams, Geoffrey C. (2019). Autonomy-supportive dental treatment, oral health-related eudaimonic well-being and oral health: a randomized clinical trial. Psychology and Health.  ISSN 0887-0446. . doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1613546 Vis sammendrag

  Objective: We tested the hypotheses that a dental intervention designed to promote oral care competence in an autonomy-supportive way, relative to standard care, would positively predict patients’ perceived autonomy support from oral health-care professionals, increases in eudaimonic well-being (i.e. both personal growth and purposeful behaviour goals) and improved oral health (i.e. reduced dental bacterial plaque on tooth surface and reduced gingivitis) over 5.5months. We also tested a self-determination theory model with the intervention positively predicting perceived autonomy support, which in turn would predict increases in eudemonic well-being, leading to improved oral health. Design: A randomised two-group experiment was conducted at a dental clinic with 138 patients (Mag=23.31 yr, SD=3.5). Variables were measured before and right after the intervention and 5.5months later. Results: Overall, the experiment and hypothesised process models received strong support. The effect sizes were large for perceived autonomy support, change in personal growth, change in dental plaque and change in gingivitis, whereas the effect size for purposeful behaviour was moderate. The measurement and structural equation models for the SDT process model received good fit. Conclusions: The current field experiment extends previous knowledge by showing that promoting patient oral care competence in an autonomy-supportive way improves oral health through patients’ eudaimonic well-being.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir & Deci, Edward (2017). Attending and avoiding dental appointments: Do “bright” and “dark” motivational paths have a role?. International Journal of Dental Hygiene.  ISSN 1601-5029.  16(2), s 286- 297 . doi: 10.1111/idh.12274 Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to test a self-determination theory (SDT) process model of the “bright” and the “dark” motivational pathways through dental attendance or avoidance to oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 students from all study disciplines at the University of Oslo. Participants responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to test the SDT model, and a bootstrapping procedure was used to test the indirect links in the model. Results Along the “bright” path: Autonomy support at the dental clinic was positively associated with need satisfaction in treatment, which was positively associated with autonomous motivation for dental treatment and reappraisal of dental anxiety. Further, autonomous motivation was positively related to dental attendance, which in turn predicted oral health. Also, both autonomous motivation and reappraisal of anxiety were negatively related to avoiding dental appointments. Along the “dark” path: Conditional regard at the dental clinic positively predicted need frustration in treatment, which positively predicted dental anxiety. In turn, dental anxiety positively predicted avoiding appointments, along with the negative predictions by autonomy and anxiety reappraisal. Finally, oral health was negatively predicted by avoiding appointments. A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. A SEM fit the data very well. Conclusions Because of the high level of explained variances for dental attendance (42%) and avoiding dental appointments (52%), promoting autonomy support and avoiding conditional regard at the dental clinic may be important for patients' oral health.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Williams, Geoffrey C. & Deci, Edward (2017). Predicting Dental Attendance from Dental Hygienists’ Autonomy Support and Patients’ Autonomous Motivation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychology and Health.  ISSN 0887-0446.  32(2), s 127- 144 . doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1244536 Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To test the hypothesis that a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) intervention designed to promote oral health care competence in an autonomy-supportive way would predict change in caries competence relative to standard care. Further, to test the SDT process path-model hypotheses with: (1) the intervention and individual differences in Relative Autonomous Locus of Causality (RALOC) predicting increases in caries competence, which in turn would positively predict dental attendance; (2) RALOC negatively predicting dental anxiety, which would negatively predict dental attendance; (3) RALOC and caries disease referred to the dentist after an autonomy-supportive clinical exam directly positively predicting dental attendance; and (4) the intervention moderating the link between RALOC and dental attendance. Design: A randomized two-group experiment was conducted at a dental clinic with 138 patients (Mage = 23.31 yr., SD = 3.5), with pre- and post-measures in a period of 5.5 months. Results: The experimental model was supported. The SDT path model fit the data well and supported the hypotheses explaining 63% of the variance in dental attendance. Conclusions: Patients personality (RALOC) and hygienists promoting oral health care competence in an autonomy-supportive way, performance of autonomy-supportive clinical exams, and reductions of anxiety for dental treatment have important practical implications for patients’ dental attendance.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2013). Oral health and dental well-being: testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9029.  43(2), s 275- 292 . doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00996.x
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2012). Motivation for Dental Home Care: Testing a Self-Determination Theory Model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9029.  42(1), s 1- 39 . doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00867.x
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2012). Self-Determined Motivational Predictors of Increases in Dental Behaviors, Decreases in Dental Plaque, and Improvement in Oral Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Health Psychology.  ISSN 0278-6133.  31(6), s 777- 788 . doi: 10.1037/a0027062
• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M.; Halvari, Hallgeir; Bjørnebekk, Gunnar & Deci, Edward L. (2010). Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance. Motivation and Emotion.  ISSN 0146-7239.  34(1), s 15- 33 . doi: 10.1007/s11031-010-9154-0 Vis sammendrag

  The present study: (1) developed a Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Dental Treatment (SRQDT) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci and Ryan, Psychol Inq 11:227-268, 2000), and (2) used it to test a SDT process model of oral self-care behaviours and dental clinic attendance. Patients' perceptions of autonomy supportive (relative to controlling) dental professionals were expected to be positively associated with patients' psychological needs satisfaction in treatment, which was expected to be positively related to relative autonomous motivation for dental treatment and perceived dental competence, and negatively related to anxiety for dental treatment. In turn, relative autonomous motivation for dental treatment and perceived dental competence were expected to be positively associated with oral self-care behaviours and dental clinic attendance. Anxiety for dental treatment was expected to be negatively related to dental clinic attendance and positively linked to putting off making a dental clinic appointment. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 5 factor SRQDT model fit the data very well, and a structural equation model supported the hypothesized process model.

• Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. & Halvari, Hallgeir (2006). Motivational predictors of change in oral health: An experimental test of self-determination theory. Motivation and Emotion.  ISSN 0146-7239.  30, s 295- 306

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Dahl, Kari Elisabeth & Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. (2019). Folkehelse- en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Kapittel om oral helse i folkehelsearbeidet-sett i et tannpleierperspektiv. Oplandske Bokforlag.  ISBN 978-82-7518-232-4.  240 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Lein, Jostein Paul Årøen; Halvari, Anne Elisabeth M. & Johnsen, Jan-Are Kolset (2018). Atferdsendring, I: Tiril Willumsen; Lena Myran & Jostein Paul Årøen Lein (red.),  Odontologisk psykologi.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 9788205510791.  5.  s 83 - 100

Se alle arbeider i Cristin