Sonni Mette Wåler

• Jonski, Grazyna; Young, Alix; Wåler, Sonni Mette & Rølla, Gunnar (2004). Insoluble zinc, cupric and tin pyrophosphates inhibit the formation of volatile sulphur compounds. European Journal of Oral Sciences.  ISSN 0909-8836.  112, s 429- 432
• Wåler, Sonni Mette; Jonski, Grazyna; Young, Alix & Rølla, Gunnar (2001). Halitosis - Nytt om diagnostikk og behandling, I: Palle Holmstrup (red.),  Odontologi 2001.  Munksgaard, København.  ISBN 87-16-12369-7.  s 27 - 40
• Young, Alix; Jonski, Grazyna; Rølla, Gunnar & Wåler, Sonni Mette (2001). Effects of metal salts on the oral production of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC). Journal of Clinical Periodontology.  ISSN 0303-6979.  28, s 776- 781 Vis sammendrag

  Background, aim: Halitosis, mainly caused by bacteria located on the posterior dorsum of the tongue and in periodontal pockets, is due to formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). The hypothesis to be tested was that the affinity of a metal for sulfur determines its anti-VSC activity. Method: Clinical tests were carried out on 12 subjects who rinsed with cysteine to induce halitosis (baseline) before rinsing with 7.34mM ZnCl2, SnF2 and CuCl2. Mouth air VSC analyses were repeated following cysteine rinses at 1h, 2h and 3h using a gas chromatograph. In-vitro experiments tested toxic metals Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. 10-µl aliquots of metal salts were added to 1-ml aliquots of human whole saliva from 30 subjects. Samples were incubated overnight at 37oC and saliva headspace was analyzed for VSC in a gas chromatograph. Clinical results: Cu2+ > Sn2+ > Zn2+ (supports hypothesis). Zn2+ had significantly less anti-VSC effect compared with Cu2+ and Sn2+ at 1, 2 and 3h. In-vitro results indicated that Hg2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ had close to 100% anti-VSC effect, and that Pb2+ was less effective and Cd2+ more effective than expected in inhibiting VSC. Conclusion: Apart from Hg2+ and Cu2+, the metals had a significantly greater effect on H2S than on CH3SH. Cu2+ and Hg2+ have well known antibacterial activity and may presumably also operate by this mechanism.

• Rølla, Gunnar; Wåler, Sonni Mette & Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth (1998). Concepts in dental plaque formation, In H.J. Busscher & L.V. Evans (ed.),  Oral Biofilms and Plaque Control.  Hardwood Academic Publisher gmbh.  s 1 - 17 Vis sammendrag

  The chapter is concerned with mechanisms of formation and properties of pathogenic plaque. Cariogenic plaque is adhesive and contains large amounts of glucans. Evidence indicates that the glucosyltransferase (GTF) which is involved in formation of insoluble polysaccharides, is the biological glue which gives cariogenic plaque its adhesiveness and cohesiveness. This GTF molecule is an adhesive in itself and binds to the pellicle and to other bacteria. Interaction between identical rigid glucan chains anchored to the pellicle and to the surface of bacteria through GTF, provides a strong sucrose dependent binding mechanism based on hydrogen bonding . Periopathogens are later colonizers or, more likely, selected from a small number already present among the first colonizers. These bacteria increase in number when the ecological conditions favour their growth. Low PO2 and Eh, available proteins and amino acids and a pH close to neutral are essential factors for the periopathogenic flora. Endotoxins and volatile sulphur compounds are pathogenic factors, which have to reach the periodontal pocket in order to cause disease. The individual resistance to periodontal disease may be as important as the presence of periopathogens. Whether certain "pathogenic" bacteria cause disease or are only associated with disease is uncertain. Keywords: Cariogenic plaque, periopathogenic glycosyltransferase Running head: Concepts of plaque This chapter is concerned with mechanisms of formation and properties of pathogenic plaque. Cariogenic plaque is adhesive and contains large amounts of glucans. Evidence indicates that the glucosyltransferase (GTF) which is involved in formation of insoluble polysaccharides, is the biological glue which gives cariogenic plaque its adhesiveness and cohesiveness. This GTF molecule is an adhesive in itself and binds to the pellicle and to other bacteria. Interaction between identical rigid glucan chains anchored to the pellicle and to the surface of bacteria through GTF, provides a strong sucrose dependent binding mechanism based on hydrogen bonding . Periopathogens are later colonizers or, more likely, selected from a small number already present among the first colonizers. These bacteria increase in number when the ecological conditions favour their growth. Low PO2 and Eh, available proteins and amino acids and a pH close to neutral are essential factors for the periopathogenic flora. Endotoxins and volatile sulphur compounds are pathogenic factors, which have to reach the periodontal pocket in order to cause disease. The individual resistance to periodontal disease may be as important as the presence of periopathogens. It is pointed out that although a prophylaxis regime based on anti-adhesins is an interesting concept, it is difficult because of the extremely complex mechanisms involving colonization of more than 300 different microorganisms. Whether certain "pathogenic" bacteria cause disease or are only associated with disease is also uncertain. Keywords: Cariogenic plaque, periopathogenic glycosyltransferase Running head: Concepts of plaque Abstract This chapter is concerned with mechanisms of formation and properties of pathogenic plaque. Cariogenic plaque is adhesive and contains large amounts of glucans. Evidence indicates that the glucosyltransferase (GTF) which is involved in formation of insoluble polysaccharides, is the biological glue which gives cariogenic plaque its adhesiveness and cohesiveness. This GTF molecule is an adhesive in itself and binds to the pellicle and to other bacteria. Interaction between identical rigid glucan chains anchored to the pellicle and to the surface of bacteria through GTF, provides a strong sucrose dependent binding mechanism based on hydrogen bonding . Periopathogens are later colonizers or, more likely, selected from a small number already present among the first colonizers. These bacteria incr...

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• Wåler, Sonni Mette (2004, 09. februar). Dårlig ånde, hva gjør vi?. [Radio].  Radio 1, Drammen.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (2004, 24. januar). Hvordan i all verden,.  Magasinet, Dagbladet.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette; Jonski, Grazyna & Rølla, Gunnar (2004). Forskningsprosjekter.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (2003, 27. mars). "Halitosis". [Radio].  P4.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (2003, 22. oktober). Halitosis/åndemåling. [TV].  NRK frokost-tv.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (2003, 07. juli). Helse og velvære:Frisk pust - hele dagen.  Ukebladet Allers.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (1999). Bør vi anbefale sukkererstatninger?.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (1999, 26. mai). Dårlig ånde. [Radio].  TV Norge : God morgen Norge. Vis sammendrag

  Intervju om årsaker og behandling av dårlig ånde.

• Wåler, Sonni Mette (1999). Halitosis - fra tabu til terapi.
• Wåler, Sonni Mette (1999). I mangel av peppermyntekjertler. Legemidler og samfunn.  ISSN 0803-6268.  20(9-10), s 90- 91 Vis sammendrag

  Artikkelen gir informasjon om årsaker til dårlig ånde, samt en del råd i forbindelse med behandling.

• Rølla, Gunnar; Wåler, Sonni Mette; Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth & Rykke, Morten (1996). The salivary micelle-like globules are the major retention sites for Triclosan. J Dent Res. Abstr No 606.

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