Gerald Torgersen

• Ketharanathan, Vimalan; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Petrovski, Beata & Preus, Hans Ragnar (2019). Radiographic alveolar bone level and levels of serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 in ethnic Norwegian and Tamil periodontitis patients and their periodontally healthy controls.. BMC Oral Health.  ISSN 1472-6831.  19(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0769-6 Vis sammendrag

  Background Studies suggest association between low serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 (VitD) and chronic destructive periodontal diseases. The main sources of VitD is sun exposure and fat fish. Subjects with dark skin will therefore generate less VitD as response to sun exposure. The aim of the study was to assess the radiographic bone level and levels of serum VitD in ethnic Norwegian and Tamil periodontitis patients and their respective healthy controls. Methods Twenty-seven Tamil periodontitis patients living in Norway were compared to 21 Tamil controls as well as to 21 Norwegian periodontitis patients and 23 Norwegian controls. Marginal bone level was diagnosed on radiographs. VitD levels were diagnosed in blood samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results VitD levels were lower in Norwegian periodontitis patients than in controls, while no significant differences were observed between Tamil periodontitis patients and controls despite the significant difference between RBL between the periodontitis patients and controls in both groups. When calculating the odds ratio for having periodontal disease in both populations together, it appeared that one unit increased serum VitD (i.e. 1 nmol/L) decreased the odds of having radiographic bone loss by 4%. Conclusion According to logistic regression, and after correcting for confounding factors, VitD levels showed significant association with the presence of periodontitis, as expressed by radiographic bone loss, in all patients combined.

• de Lange, Thomas; Møystad, Anne & Torgersen, Gerald R. (2018). Increasing clinical relevance in oral radiology: Benefits and challenges when implementing digital assessment. European journal of dental education.  ISSN 1396-5883.  22(3), s 198- 208 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12326 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Aims The aims of the study were to investigate benefits and challenges in implementing a digital examination and study the clinical relevance of the digital examination in relation to clinical training and practice. Material and method The study was based on semi‐structured focus‐group interviews from two distinct student populations (2016 and 2017) in a bachelor programme in dental hygiene. In addition, conversational data from a plenary discussion from the whole second student population (2017) were collected and analysed. The data were approached on basis of content analysis. Results A benefit experienced in the digital examination was the ease in typing and editing answers on the computer. This suggests an increased effectiveness in computer‐based compared to analogue examinations. An additional advantage was the experienced relevance of the examination related to the clinic. This finding refers not only to the digital presentations of images, but also to the entire setting in the clinic and dental practice. The limitations reported by the students were non‐optimal viewing conditions for presenting radiographic images and difficulties in obtaining an overview of the assignments compared to paper‐based examinations due to the linear digital examination format. The last finding on lacking overview revealed an influence on student performances which should be taken seriously in designing digital examinations. Conclusion In conclusion, the digital layout increases efficiency and clinical relevance of examinations to a certain extent. Obstacles were found in limitations related to image presentation and lack of overview of the examination. The latter challenge raises questions related to developing suitable assessment software.

• Elkhateeb, Sara M.; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Arnout, Eman A. (2016). Image quality assessment of clinically-applied CBCT protocols using a QAT phantom. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.  ISSN 0250-832X.  45(5) . doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20160075 Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study has two main purposes: (1) To evaluate the effect of various clinically-applied protocols (changing FOV, voxel size and tube voltage) on CS 9300 CBCT image quality using its QAT phantom; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of a newly-designed prototype plugin on ImageJ which was introduced to measure MTF using a modified slanted-edge method. Methods: Using a specifically-constructed QAT phantom, five-image quality parameters were assessed (image uniformity, signal to noise ratio [SNR], contrast, position checking, and the modulation transfer function [MTF] for ten variables, clinically-applied protocols on a Care- Stream (CS) 9300 PREMIUM 3D CBCT device. Results: With FOV and voxel size fixed, high-dose protocols resulted in less image noise and less uniformity. On the other hand, enhanced uniformity was achieved with less kVp. Moreover, high-dose protocols resulted in a high contrast-to-noise ratio. There were significant differences in CNR between 60 and 70 kVp as well as between 70 and 90 kVp. Our study identified no difference between MTF and either voxel size or FOV. Conclusions: The image quality of the CS 9300 CBCT varied with variability in exposure protocols and different voxel sizes. The negative correlation between greater spatial resolution (smaller voxel size) and the MTF shows that the slanted edge method not ideal for MTF evaluation of CBCT, and, therefore, do not recommend using it for this purpose.

• Hol, Caroline; Hellén-Halme, Kristina; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Nilsson, Mats & Møystad, Anne (2015). How do dentists use CBCT in dental clinics? A Norwegian nationwide survey. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6357.  73(3), s 195- 201 . doi: 10.3109/00016357.2014.979866
• Preus, Hans Ragnar; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Koldsland, Odd Carsten; Hansen, Bjørn Frode; Aass, Anne Merete; Larheim, Tore Arne & Sandvik, Leiv (2015). A new digital tool for radiographic bone level measurements in longitudinal studies. BMC Oral Health.  ISSN 1472-6831.  15(1), s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0092-9
• Strindberg, Jerker Edèn; Hol, Caroline; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Møystad, Anne; Nilsson, Mats; Näsström, Karin & Hellén-Halme, Kristina (2015). Comparison of Swedish and Norwegian Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: a Questionnaire Study. eJournal of Oral And Maxillofacial Research.  ISSN 2029-283X.  6(4), s e 2 . doi: 10.5037/jomr.2015.6402
• Torgersen, Gerald R.; Hol, Caroline; Møystad, Anne; Hellén-Halme, Kristina & Nilsson, Mats (2014). A phantom for simplified image quality control of dental cone beam computed tomography units. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology.  ISSN 2212-4403.  118(5), s 603- 611 . doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.08.003

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• Torgersen, Gerald R.; de Lange, Thomas & Møystad, Anne (2018). Can the use of student created videos enhance learning in oral radiology? Student experiences based on a pilot study.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. & Hol, Caroline (2018). Tannpleieren – en ekspert i strålevern. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening.  ISSN 1501-8636.  2018(2), s 8- 14
• Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline; Hol, Caroline; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Wikan, Kristine (2017). Workshop om strålevern i tannhelseprofesjonsutdanningene. Den norske tannlegeforenings tidende.  ISSN 0029-2303.  127(11), s 1016- 1017
• de Lange, Thomas; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Møystad, Anne (2017). Digitising Summative assessment in dental education, benefits and challenges..
• Torgersen, Gerald R.; Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline & Kristine, Wikan (2017). Workshop om strålevern i tannhelseprofesjonsutdanningene. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening.  ISSN 1501-8636.  (5), s 26- 27
• Torgersen, Gerald R.; Møystad, Anne & de Lange, Thomas (2017). Increasing clinical relevance in oral radiology through computerIncreasing clinical relevance in oral radio.
• Torgersen, Gerald R.; Møystad, Anne; Hol, Caroline; Hellén-Halme, Kristina; Edén Strindberg, Jerker; Näsström, Karin & Nilsson, Mats (2016). CBCT constancy controls: How user-friendly is the new phantom?. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology.  ISSN 2212-4403.  121(3), s 343- 344 . doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.11.014
• Torgersen, Gerald R.; Møystad, Anne; Hol, Caroline; Hellén-Halme, Kristina; Edén Strindberg, Jerker; Näsström, Karin & Nilsson, Mats (2015). CBCT constancy controls: How user friendly is the new phantom? A pilot study.
• Hol, Caroline; Møystad, Anne; Hellén-Halme, Kristina; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Nilsson, Mats (2013). Workflow and experiences in Norwegian clinicsusing dental CBCT units: A questionnaire study.
• Nilsson, Mats; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Hellén-Halme, Kristina; Møystad, Anne & Hol, Caroline (2013). A Simple And Inexpensive Phantom For Quality Control Of CBCT Units.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2013). Litt om stråling og strålevern. Vis sammendrag

  Kurs for tannhelsesekretærer og tannpleiere: Litt strålefysikk og - biologi Stråledoser Regelverk Praktisk strålevern

• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2013). Litt om stråling og strålevern. Vis sammendrag

  Kort forelesning innen temaene: Litt strålefysikk og - biologi Stråledoser Regelverk Praktisk strålevern

• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2013). Litt om stråling og strålevern for pedodontister. Vis sammendrag

  Forelesning innen temaene: Strålebiologi Stråledoser Optimalisering innen dental radiologi Med vekt på kommunikasjon med: Foreldre Barn Gravide mennesker

• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2012). Kvalitetskontroller CBCT.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2012). Strålevern – ny forskrift – med bakgrunn.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2012). Strålevern – ny forskrift – med bakgrunn.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2011). Bildekvalitetskontroll på maxillofaciale CBCT-enheter.
• Torgersen, Gerald R. (2011). Dental Cone Beam CT - Måling av doser og andre parametre QA - Dosesammenlikninger - Pasientdoser.
• Torgersen, Gerald Ruiner & Hol, Caroline (2009). Cone Beam CT (CBCT) – en ny modalitet på vei ut til tannlegene. Vis sammendrag

  Vi gir en kort introduksjon til teknologien bak CBCT og introduserer noen apparater på markedet. Bruksområder innen maxillofacial radiologi presenteres. En kort status på dagens utbredelse og et anslag av planlagte innkjøp vil bli gitt. Vi ser litt på regelverket for bruk og ettersyn av ustyret, internasjonalt og nasjonalt. Teknologien er ny innen dentale klinikker, derfor mangler det rutiner og rettningslinjer for dosimetri, mottaks- og kvalitetskontroll. Rollen medisinske fysikere skal spille i dette arbeidet diskuteres.

• Hol, Caroline; Olerud, Hilde Merete; Landmark, I.D.; Friberg, Eva G; Torgersen, Gerald Ruiner; Svanæs, Dagfinn Beyer & Larheim, Tore Arne (2008). Low-dose MDCT and CBCT: Dose comparison.
• Torgersen, Gerald Ruiner (2006). Anisotrope universmodeller med materie og mørk energi.

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