Most recent publications

• Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Klepaker, Ingrid Volden; Wigen, Tove Irene; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2026). Development of a nomogram for prediction of occlusal dentin caries in Norwegian children at risk: a 36-month follow-up study. BMC Oral Health. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09819-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a nomogram predictive model for occlusal dentin caries development on first permanent molars (FPMs) over 36 months in children at risk in Norway. Methods For a practice-based split-mouth randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03315312, retrospectively registered in October 2017) comparing effectiveness of caries control methods (fissure sealants versus fluoride varnish), children aged 6 to 10 years considered at high caries risk (D3MFT/d3mft > 0) were recruited by calibrated dentists and dental hygienists during routine examination in the public dental service and monitored for 36 months. Outcome was development of occlusal dentin caries lesion on FPMs. Data on biological predictors were collected at baseline by clinicians. Data on behavioral predictors were collected using a questionnaire for parents. Clinical predictors included clinic’s county, whether the participant was followed up by the same clinician and caries control method. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression model was used to select relevant predictors and develop a nomogram for predicting dentin caries development. Results Of 330 participants, 174 (51.7) were boys. The Lasso logistic regression selected four predictors, d3mft at age 5 years, occlusal surface baseline status, caries control method, and use of fluoride toothpaste, which were used to construct a nomogram. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62–0.77), and Concordance Index was 0.68 (95% CI 0.60–0.76) in the training set and 0.67 (95% CI 0.59–0.74) in the validation set. The calibration belt indicated good calibration of the model (p > 0.05). Conclusion In this study, based on 36-month follow-up data in children at risk, we have developed and internally validated a nomogram to predict dentin caries on occlusal surfaces of FPMs. The findings suggest that nomogram approach may be a useful visual aid in clinical practice to facilitate informed decision-making; however, external validation in a large cohort study, transportability and applicability to different settings are needed

• Badian, Reza; Sundling, Vibeke; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Hynne, Håvard; Tashbayev, Behzod & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Sex as Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in a Cohort of Norwegian 65-year-Olds: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical Ophthalmology. ISSN 1177-5467. 20, p. 1–15. doi: 10.2147/opth.s556305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the loss of ocular surface homeostasis, causing discomfort and ocular symptoms. Higher age, female sex, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) are some of the reported risk factors for DED. However, age-specific studies of DED are rare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DED and MGD in a cohort of Norwegians in their mid-60s. Additionally, to investigate potential sex-related differences in the prevalence of DED and MGD. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 137 demographically homogeneous Norwegian residents of Oslo in their mid-60s was recruited. Participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) dry eye symptom questionnaire and underwent clinical dry eye examinations. DED was defined as OSDI ≥ 13, accompanied by fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) < 10s and/or ocular surface staining (OSS) ≥ 1. The presence of MGD was defined as a score of 1 for both meibum quality (MQ) and meibum expressibility (ME) or a score > 1 for either MQ or ME. Results: The overall prevalence for DED was 20.4% [95% CI: 14.0 to 28.2], and for MGD was 90.5% [95% CI: 84.3– 94.9]. No significant sex differences were observed for either condition. MGD was highly prevalent among both DED and non-DED participants: all individuals with DED (n = 28) had MGD, while among those without DED (n = 109), prevalence was 88.1% (males: 85.7%; females: 90.0%). No significant correlation was found between MGD and sex (rs ([137] = [0.075], p = 0.413). In the whole cohort, OPI and FBUT correlated positively with ME (rs ([132] = [0.437] and rs ([132] = [0.296], both p < 0.001) and negatively with OSS (rs ([132] = [− 0.315] and rs ([132] = [0.423], both p< 0.001) and lid margin abnormality (rs ([130] = [− 0.222], p = 0.011; rs ([132] = [0.234], p = 0.007). FBUT correlated also positively with tear production (rs ([128] = [0.308], p< 0.001). A more frequent use of topical ocular lubricant was found among females (p = 0.043). In the symptomatic group, females had significantly lower OPI and FBUT values (p = 0.046 and 0.027, respectively). Among symptomatic participants, categorized as mild (OSDI 13– 22), moderate (OSDI 23– 32), and severe (OSDI 33– 100), only in the severe group did females show higher OSDI scores (p= 0.042) but lower OSS (p= 0.031) compared to males. Conclusion: In this cohort of Norwegians in their mid-60s, DED and MGD were highly and equally prevalent among both sexes. The high prevalence of these conditions underscores the need to raise awareness of DED and MGD within the young elderly population.

• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Skovlund, Eva; Santervas, Leonor Roa; Kersten, Hege; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Association Between Anticholinergic Burden and Dry Mouth Severity in Acutely Ill Older Adults. Drugs & Aging. ISSN 1170-229X. 43(4), p. 361–371. doi: 10.1007/s40266-026-01286-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Dry mouth is a common and burdensome condition in older adults and its severity may increase with use of anticholinergic medications. The aims were to describe anticholinergic medication use among acutely ill older adults, examine the association between anticholinergic burden and dry mouth severity using the composite Dry Mouth Severity Points (DMSP) measure and investigate whether the association differs by sex. Methods: Patients ≥70 years admitted to Oslo municipal inpatient acute care unit were eligible. Anticholinergic burden (ACB) was assessed using the ACB calculator and classified as 0, lower (ACB = 1-2) or high (ACB = ≥ 3). Dry mouth severity was quantified with DMSP, range 0-4, assigning one point for each indicator above cut-off: General Xerostomia Question ≥ 3, Summated Xerostomia Inventory ≥ 11, Clinical Oral Dryness Score ≥ 6 and unstimulated whole saliva secretion rate ≤ 0.1 mL/min. Associations were examined with ordinal logistic regression. Results: Of 382 examined patients, 256 (mean age 84 ± 7 years, 70% women) had complete data. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] ACB score was 2.0 (1.7); 18% had ACB = 0, 50% had ACB = 1-2 and 32% had ACB = ≥ 3. DMSP scores of 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 were present in 29%, 36%, 23% and 12%, respectively. Compared with patients with ACB = 0, those with ACB = 1-2 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-3.97) and ACB = ≥ 3 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.09-4.63) had higher odds of more severe dry mouth. Women had significantly higher ACB and DMSP scores than men. Conclusions: Even lower anticholinergic burden was associated with greater dry mouth severity, highlighting the need for early recognition and proactive management in acutely ill older adults.

• Santervas, Leonor Roa; Skovlund, Eva; Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Collaborative medication reviews during acute primary care admissions for older adults with polypharmacy: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing. ISSN 0002-0729. 55(2). doi: 10.1093/ageing/afag029. Full text in Research Archive
• Karki, Saujanya; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ekstrand, Kim (2025). Har teletandpleje en plads i forbindelse med mundhygiejne­programmer i de nordiske lande? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 135(2), p. 4–4. doi: 10.56373/2025-2-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  English summary Has teledentistry a place in connection with oral hygiene performances in the nordic countries? Nor Tannlegeforen Tid. 2025; 135: 120-4. This paper describes teledentistry, the current legislation in Nordic countries regarding this, its effect on oral hygiene based on current literature and discusses if it can work in the Nordic countries. Teledentistry, as telemedicine is defined as the delivery of healthcare services at a distance using various communication technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Currently, there is no clear definition of teledentistry in legislation in any of the Nordic countries. However, there are country specific regulations set by the National Board of Health and Welfare agencies. Concerning the effect of teledentistry on the level of oral hygiene a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 19 RCT studies, revealed a significant reduction in the plaque- and gingival index as well as the incidence of white spot lesions favoring the use of teledentistry compared to conventional strategies. However, there was no effect in the most recently performed RCT study, but the design was not optimal. There are no published studies on this topic from the Nordic countries. In conclusion, teledentistry solutions require increased interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration, technological infrastructure, national legislation, and close collaboration between clinicians, teledentistry stakeholders and policy makers, before it can be an integrated part in oral care in the Nordic countries.

• Singh, Preet Bano; Singh, Simon Vivan; Iversen, Per Ole & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2025). Evaluation and management of chemosensory, trigeminal and salivary dysfunctions in patients with post coronavirus disease. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 70(December 2025), p. 452–462. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.10.018. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background & aims While the management of olfactory disorders among patients with post Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is well elucidated, treatment of taste dysfunction, oral burning, and oral dryness is less extensively studied among post-COVID-19 patients. This prospective study aimed (i) to assess the prevalence of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions in patients at two different time points following COVID-19 infection, and (ii) to evaluate the recovery process over time. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 54 Early-post-COVID-19 (3–11 months since COVID-19), 46 Late-post-COVID-19 (≥12 months since COVID-19) and 76 Non-COVID-19 controls were recruited. Participants’ olfactory, gustatory, trigeminal, and salivary status were investigated. Depending on the test outcomes, tailored treatments were administered, and patients were monitored every 3–6 months. Results The findings indicated that none of these dysfunctions improved on their own over time. Patients in both post-COVID-19 groups demonstrated significantly reduced smell, trigeminal and salivary functions compared to the control group. Taste impairment was significantly more severe in Late-post-COVID-19 patients compared to Early-post-COVID-19 patients. Follow-up evaluations revealed significant improvement in both smell and taste functions at each follow-up visit across both patient groups. Conclusion Chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary disorders in post-COVID-19 patients may not resolve with time alone, underscoring the need for tailored treatments to achieve significant improvements.

• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Santervas, Leonor Roa; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad & Skovlund, Eva [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Oral Health, Xerogenic Medications, and Frailty in Acutely Ill Older Adults. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. ISSN 0002-8614. 73(8), p. 2466–2474. doi: 10.1111/jgs.19564. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Oral health is an essential part of overall health and well-being in older adults and may be influenced by medications and frailty. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation and examine their associations with xerogenic medications and frailty in acutely ill older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥ 70 years admitted to the Municipal In-Patient Acute Care unit in Oslo, Norway. General xerostomia was defined as a score ≥ 3 on the General Xerostomia Question (GXQ). Specific xerostomia was measured with the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). Objective dry mouth measures included unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion rate and the Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS), with hyposalivation defined as UWS ≤ 0.1 mL/min. Examination of dentition included numbers of missing teeth and posterior occluding pairs of teeth. Medication data included total drug burden and number of xerogenic medications. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Associations were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results Among 382 patients (mean age 84 years, 72% women), general xerostomia was present in 30% and hyposalivation in 56%. Mean number (SD) of xerogenic medications was 3.7 (±2.2). The number of xerogenic medications used was significantly associated with general xerostomia in both unadjusted (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.29) and adjusted models (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.26). Median UWS declined numerically with increasing number of xerogenic medications. Higher CFS scores were associated with increased subjective xerostomia scores (GXQ and SXI), elevated CODS, more missing teeth, and reduced occlusion, but not with general xerostomia or hyposalivation when predefined cut-off values were applied. Conclusion Xerostomia and hyposalivation were common among acutely ill older adults. General xerostomia was associated with xerogenic medication use and frailty. Our findings highlight the need to incorporate oral health assessments into routine geriatric care and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations.

• Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari; Klepaker, Ingrid Volden & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2025). Failures of Sealed Molars: Three-Year Results from a Multi-Centre, Prospective Study in Public Dental Service in Norway. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1159/000544068. Full text in Research Archive
• Tashbayev, Behzod; Badian, Reza; Chen, Xiangjun; Vitelli, Valeria; Lagali, Neil & Dartt, Darlene [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Comparison of non-invasive and fluorescein tear film break-up time in a 65-year-old Norwegian population: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 15. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Measurement of tear film stability is central in dry eye disease (DED) diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of two methods of tear film stability measurement: non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and fluorescein tear film break-up time (FTBUT). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants The study involved 132 subjects of 65-year-old inhabitants of the Oslo region who were not seeking ophthalmic care. Interventions The participants underwent a battery of DED tests, including NIBUT measured on Oculus Keratograph 5M and a traditional method using fluorescein drops (FTBUT). Oculus Keratograph 5M measures two types of NIBUT:; appearance time of the first dry spot (NIBUTFirst) and average NIBUTAvg. Results 74 participants (56%) were female and 58 were male (44%). Subjects presented with varying degrees of DED signs and symptoms. Mean values of NIBUTFirst and FTBUT from all the participants were significantly different (6.2±4.9 s vs 8.6±6.2 s, p<0.0001). There was also a significant difference between NIBUTFirst and NIBUTAvg values (6.2±4.9 s vs 8.3±5.5 s, p<0.0001). In contrast, no difference was observed between FTBUT and NIBUTAvg values (8.6±6.2 s vs 8.3±5.5 s, p=0.655). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to compare NIBUT and FTBUT in regards to other clinical tests (Ocular Surface Disease Index, ocular surface staining, blink interval, eye redness, corneal sensitivity, lid debris, Schirmer I test, tear osmolarity, meibum quality, meibum expressibility, lid hyperemia, tear meniscus height,. irregular lid margin, conjunctival hyperaemia, margin telangiectasia, lipid layer and meibomian gland drop-out). While FTBUT demonstrated results with area under the curve>0.6, neither NIBUTFirst nor NIBUTAvg showed significant results. Conclusion NIBUTFirst was shorter than FTBUT. Low correlation between NIBUT and FTBUT indicates that these diagnostic tests are not interchangeable. Other DED tests had correlation, though low, while NIBUT did not demonstrate correlation.

• Helmisdóttir, Lára Hólm; Konradsson, Katarina; Palotie, Ulla; Twetman, Svante & Young, Alix (2025). Er selvudført tandbørstning uden brug af fluorid effektiv som cariesfore­byggende foranstaltning? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 135, p. 30–34. doi: 10.56373/2025-1-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Professional and self-applied fluorides are included in the WHO list of essential medicines and twice daily toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste is a cornerstone in the prevention and management of dental caries. For various reasons, there are concerns about adverse health effects from excessive fluoride exposure during pregnancy and infancy, such as dental fluorosis and neurotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the evidence of efficacy for fluoride-free oral hygiene procedures. We searched three electronic databases for relevant systematic reviews and included six papers of which three had a low or moderate risk of bias. The systematic reviews contained in total 28 primary studies on fluoride toothpaste vs. placebo or no intervention, and all studies were in favor of the fluoride toothpaste for caries prevention. The certainty of evidence for interdental cleaning as an adjunct to toothbrushing was very low. Based on the available systematic reviews, we are very confident that self-performed toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste is more effective than placebo or no intervention. However, this does not imply a lack of effect and dental professionals need to be aware of fluoride-free alternatives for those individuals that decline the use of fluoride-containing oral hygiene products.

• Giertsen, Elin (2025). Naturtannkrem: En kritisk vurdering. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 135. doi: 10.56373/6836e69f2afa2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Naturtannkremer fremstilles i størst mulig grad av naturlig avledede ingredienser. De inneholder vanligvis ikke syntetiske smaksstoffer, dufter, søtstoffer, fargestoffer eller konserveringsmidler. Naturtannkremer tilsettes derimot mange urter og andre planteekstrakter, essensielle oljer og andre naturlige ingredienser, som ikke finnes i konvensjonelle fluoridtannkremer. Flere av disse tilsetningsstoffene kan være ukjente både for forbrukere og tannhelsepersonell. Produktomtaler reklamerer ofte for at naturlige tilsetningsstoffer i naturtannkremer kan fremme munnhelsen. Imidlertid er de fleste naturtannkremer fluoridfrie eller inneholder fluorid i lavere konsentrasjoner enn anbefalt for både barn og voksne. Det er viktig å være oppmerksom på at noen naturtannkremer er tilsatt honning eller andre sukkerkilder, som er kariesfremmende, da disse sukkerartene omdannes av plakkbakterier til organiske syrer. Naturtannkremer er lite omtalt i Norge, og det finnes ingen oversikt over bruken blant befolkningen. For tannhelsepersonell er det vesentlig å kjenne til innholdet i naturtannkremer og hvilke helsemessige konsekvenser deres bruk kan medføre, slik at de kan gi god veiledning til pasienter. Artikkelen gir en oversikt over naturlige ingredienser i naturtannkrem og evaluerer hvorvidt disse kan bidra til å fremme munnhelsen. Avslutningsvis diskuteres de skadelige følgene bruken av naturtannkrem kan ha for tannhelsen, samt hvilke kariesforebyggende tiltak som kan iverksettes for å forhindre disse følgene.

• Giertsen, Elin (2025). Tannkrem: Ikke-terapeutiske tilsetningsstoffer. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 135. doi: 10.56373/6836e742d2340. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tannkrem, en essensiell del av den daglige munnpleien, er en pasta eller gel som brukes sammen med en tannbørste for å rengjøre tennene. Den gir en følelse av friskhet og en behagelig smak, samtidig som den fjerner overfladiske misfarginger. Selv om tannbørsting med tannkrem er den mest brukte metoden for mekanisk tannrengjøring, avhenger effektiv plakkfjerning i første rekke av en egnet tannbørste, riktig børsteteknikk og børstetid, snarere enn av selve tannkremen. Tannkrem er klassifisert som et kosmetisk produkt, men den fungerer også som et profylaktisk og terapeutisk middel på grunn av sitt fluoridinnhold, som forebygger karies og remineraliserer emaljen. Tannkrem er en kompleks kjemisk blanding som inneholder tallrike ikke-terapeutiske tilsetningsstoffer for å gi en god brukeropplevelse. Nye tilsetningsstoffer tilsettes stadig, noe som kan gjøre markedet uoversiktlig for forbrukere. Dette understreker behovet for godt oppdatert tannhelsepersonell som kan veilede pasienter. Denne artikkelen presenterer en detaljert oversikt over ikke-terapeutiske tilsetningsstoffer i konvensjonelle fluoridtannkremer og deres innvirkning på produktenes egenskaper og funksjoner. Disse stoffene gir produktene ønsket slipeevne, fuktighetsnivå, skumeffekt, konsistens, smak, duft, farge, pH-verdi og holdbarhet. Avslutningsvis diskuteres den kliniske betydningen av tilsetningsstoffene samt mulige skadelige effekter av slipemidler og overflateaktive stoffer. Den pågående debatten om bruken av pigmentet titandioksid i tannkrem omtales også.

• Lavôr, Juliane Rolim de; Silva, Adriana Mendonça da; Søvik, Jenny Bogstad; Rosenblatt, Aronita; Mulic, Aida Gacic & Vieira, Alexandre Rezende (2024). Erosive Tooth Wear, Wine Intake, and Genetic Variation in COMT and MMP2. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. doi: 10.1159/000536333. Full text in Research Archive
• Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Ko, Hayley Manalang; Stankeviciene, Indre; Aleksejuniene, Jolanta & Puriene, Alina (2024). Co-occurrence of dental caries and periodontitis: multilevel modelling approach. BMC Oral Health. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-03918-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Previous studies reported varyingly positive, negative, or no relationships between caries and periodontitis. Therefore, the aim was to assess the potential co-occurrence of caries experience and periodontal inflammation on the same teeth. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Lithuanian National Oral Health Survey. The study included a stratified random sample of 1405 individuals aged 34–78, recruited from 5 Lithuanian cities and 10 peri-urban/rural areas (response rate 52%). Information about sociodemographic (age, sex, education, residence), behavioral (sugar-containing diet, tooth brushing frequency, use of interdental care products, last dental visit, smoking) and biological (systemic disease, use of medication and xerostomia) determinants was collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults supplemented with additional questions. Clinical data were recorded using the WHO criteria and collected by one trained and calibrated examiner. Dental caries status was recorded as sound, decayed, missing, filled surfaces. Subsequently for the analyses, status was recorded at a tooth-level as decayed- and filled-teeth (DT and FT) including proximal, buccal, and oral surfaces. Two measures were used for periodontal status. The probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured at six sites and recorded at a tooth level into the absence of PPD or presence of PPD ≥ 4 mm. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was measured at the same six sites and was recorded as either present or absent at a tooth-level. Univariable and multivariable 2-level random intercept binary logistic regression analyses were utilized. Results Positive associations were found between DT and BOP (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.20–1.67), FT and BOP (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.82–2.23), DT and PPD (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.67) and FT and PPD (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.83–2.20). Conclusions Our findings add evidence for the co-occurrence of periodontal inflammation and caries on the same teeth. This suggests the need for increased emphasis on a transdisciplinary approach in designing oral health interventions that target dental caries and periodontal disease simultaneously. In addition, longitudinal studies exploring the co-occurrence of caries and periodontal disease at the same sites, taking into consideration the levels of both conditions and genetic variation, are warranted.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Singh, Preet Bano; Young, Alix & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Oral helse blant 65-åringer i Oslo. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 12(134). doi: 10.56373/2024-12-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Rogn, Åsmund; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Iversen, Per Ole & Singh, Preet Bano (2024). Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions. Scientific Reports. 14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53919-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent literature indicates that post-COVID-19 patients suffer from a plethora of complications, including chemosensory dysfunction. However, little attention has been given to understand the interactions between chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions in these patients. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence and combinations of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions, (2) to identify the odorants/tastants that are compromised, and (3) to explore possible associations between the four dysfunctions in post-COVID-19 patients. One hundred post-COVID-19 patients and 76 healthy controls (pre-COVID-19) were included in this cross-sectional, case-controlled study. Participants' smell, taste, trigeminal, and salivary functions were assessed. The patients had a significantly higher prevalence of parosmia (80.0%), hyposmia (42.0%), anosmia (53.0%), dysgeusia (34.0%), complete ageusia (3.0%), specific ageusia (27.0%), dysesthesia (11.0%) and dry mouth (18.0%) compared to controls (0.0% for all parameters, except 27.6% for hyposmia). Complete loss of bitter taste was the most prevalent specific ageusia (66.7%) and coffee was the most common distorted smell (56.4%). Seven different combinations of dysfunction were observed in the patients, the most common being a combination of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (48.0%). These findings indicate that post-COVID-19 patients experience a range of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary disturbances, occurring in various combinations.

• Frigaard, Julie Mari; Hynne, Håvard; Randsborg, Karoline; Mellin-Olsen, Tonje; Hofgaard, Anne Kristine & Young, Alix [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Exploring oral health indicators, oral health-related quality of life and nutritional aspects in 23 medicated patients from a short-term psychiatric ward. Frontiers in Public Health. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1083256. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders face many difficulties due to their condition, medications and lifestyle. Oral health and nutrition may be affected, further complicating their lives. Our aim was to provide in-depth information on oral health and nutritional factors in a small group of patients in short-term psychiatric ward. Methods Twenty-three patients (mean age 36, average medications five) were recruited during short-term hospitalization in a psychiatric ward. Inclusion criteria: anxiety, psychosis and/or depression, and use of at least one antidepressant or anxiolytic/antipsychotic drug with xerostomia as a known side effect. Subjective oral dryness was evaluated using the Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). Oral examination included Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS), secretion of unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS), and evaluation of dental, gingival, and periodontal status. Self-reported complaints of oral disorders were recorded. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to explore oral health-related quality of life. Nutritional status was assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA-SF), and diet quality was assessed using the Mediterranean diet score (KIDMED). Results Compared to healthy controls, the patients had significantly higher SXI scores and CODS, and SWS secretion was lower. Complaints of dysgeusia and halitosis were significantly more frequent among patients. Gingivitis was more common in patients. OHIP-14 scores were much higher in the patients, and they reported significantly poorer oral and general health. Most patients lacked a regular meal pattern. Very low diet quality was observed in five patients, while improvements were needed in twelve. “ Dry mouth ” and “ No appetite, just did not feel like eating ” were the most common symptoms preventing patients from eating enough. The PG-SGA-SF symptoms component score showed a strong negative correlation with self-reported oral health, and a strong positive correlation with OHIP-14. Conclusion This relatively small group of patients in short-term psychiatric ward had both reduced oral health and poor oral health-related quality of life. Furthermore, their nutritional intake was affected by their oral health problems. Although larger groups need to be studied, these findings indicate that oral health and nutrition should be evaluated and adjusted in these patients to improve their overall care.

• Ottersen, Margareth Kristensen; Larheim, Tore Arne; Hove, Lene Hystad & Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline (2023). Imaging signs of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in an urban population of 65-year-olds: A cone beam computed tomography study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. doi: 10.1111/joor.13547. Full text in Research Archive
• Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Young, Alix & Hove, Lene Hystad (2023). Caries experience and risk indicators of having decayed teeth among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03432-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Meeting the oral health needs of the increasing population of older adults presents a major challenge in dental care. Knowledge about the oral health status in the young-elderly age group is essential for the planning of future oral health education and prevention programs. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate the caries experience among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway, and to explore associations between having decayed teeth and sociodemographic, behavioural, and biological factors. Methods A random sample of 65‑year‑olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations (n = 457, 52% men and 48% women) at the Research Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, between February and December 2019. Primary- and secondary coronal and root caries lesions, root remnants, and missing and restored teeth were recorded. Decayed teeth (DT) were defined as teeth with coronal- and root caries lesions that had progressed into dentine and root remnants, and the DMFT/S scores were calculated. Results The mean number of teeth was 25 (SD: 4) and the mean DMFT was 19.4 (SD: 4.7). Thirty seven percent of the individuals had at least one decayed tooth (DT > 0), and the mean number of filled teeth (FT) was 16.1 (SD: 5.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8), basic level of education (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), irregular dental attendance (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.8), and hyposalivation (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.4) were significant risk indicators for having decayed teeth (DT > 0) (p < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, 65-year-olds in Oslo had a low average number of decayed and missing teeth, and a high number of restored teeth. Irregular dental attendance and hyposalivation were the strongest risk indicators for having decayed teeth. Based on the present results, it will be important to ensure access to regular dental care and to increase the emphasis on caries preventive measures for individuals with hyposalivation in this age group.

• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Gay, Caryl; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Identification and susceptibility testing of oral candidiasis in advanced cancer patients. BMC Oral Health. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02950-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Patients with advanced cancer are prone to develop different opportunistic oral infection due to anti-cancer treatment or the malignancies themselves. Studies of oral fungal samples show an increased prevalence of non-Candida albicans species in mixed oral infections with Candida albicans. Non-C. albicans and C. albicans are associated with varying degrees of resistance to azoles, which may have implications for treatment. This study aimed to assess the diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species detected in the oral cavity. Methods An observational study with microbiological analysis was conducted. Clinical fungal isolates were collected from patients in a hospice unit in 2014–2016. Isolates were re-grown on chromID® Candida plates in 2020. Single colony of each species was re-cultivated and prepared for biochemical identification with a VITEK2® system and verified by gene sequencing. Etest was performed on RPMI agar, and the antifungals fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin and nystatin were applied. Results Fifty-six isolates from 45 patients were identified. Seven different Candida species and one Saccharomyces species were detected. The results of biochemical identification were confirmed with sequencing analysis. Thirty-six patients had mono infection, and nine out of 45 patients had 2–3 different species detected. Of C. albicans strains, 39 out of 40 were susceptible to fluconazole. Two non-C. albicans species were resistant to fluconazole, one to amphotericin B and three to anidulafungin. Conclusion C. albicans was the predominant species, with a high susceptibility to antifungal agents. Different Candida species occur in both mono and mixed infections. Identification and susceptibility testing may therefore lead to more effective treatment and may prevent the development of resistance among patients with advanced cancer. Trail registration The study Oral Health in Advanced Cancer was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT02067572) in 20/02/2014.

• Henni, Silje Havrevold; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Mamykina, Lena; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Hove, Lene Hystad & Hellesø, Ragnhild (2023). Factors influencing home health care providers' performance of oral health care for older people: A qualitative study. International Journal of Older People Nursing. ISSN 1748-3735. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/opn.12561. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim To examine factors that affect the performance of oral health care (OHC) for older people receiving nursing care at home. Background Oral health is often neglected by health care providers caring for older people. Research shows that health care providers' provision of OHC may be influenced by various factors (barriers and facilitators). When this research was conducted, health care providers from home healthcare services (HHCS) and nursing homes were grouped together despite setting differences; therefore, this study focuses on the performance of OHC by home health care providers (HHCPs) as a single group. Design Explorative design with a qualitative approach. Methods The managers of four HHCS units recruited 17 HHCPs to participate in focus group interviews. One interview was conducted per unit, and there were four to five participants in each interview. The analysis of interviews was based on theoretical thematic analysis and the PRECEDE constructs in the PRECEDE–PROCEED model. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were used in reporting this study. Findings The analysis resulted in two themes with predisposing factors (HHCPs' professional responsibilities, older people's attitude), five themes with enabling factors (knowledge and skills, older people/carer trust, available time, available equipment and collaboration with public dental service (PDS)), and two themes with reinforcing factors (routines and OHC focus on the workplace) that affect the provision of OHC. The factors were categorised as individual, organisational and collaboration factors. Conclusions In addition to individual factors found in previous studies, factors related to the organisation of services and communication between HHCPs and PDS seem to affect HHCPs' provision of OHC for adults receiving HHCS. Implications for Practice This study provides in-depth knowledge that can contribute to increasing HHCPs' provision of OHC and thereby prevent oral and dental disease among older people receiving HHCS.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Hove, Lene Hystad; Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Koldsland, Odd Carsten (2022). Periodontal conditions in a 65-year-old population and prevalence of periodontitis according to three different bone level thresholds. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02276-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate to what extent the radiographic bone level threshold for periodontitis case definition influences the prevalence. Materials and methods A random sample of 454 subjects underwent a clinical and radiographic examination and answered a questionnaire regarding general health, medications, and smoking habits. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depths, bleeding on probing, mobility, and furcation involvement) and radiographic bone loss were used to identify periodontitis cases and to assess periodontal stage and grade. Results Of the 454 participants, 52.6% were defined as “periodontitis cases”. Of the total study population “unstable cases of recurrent periodontitis” were present in 38.1%, 16.5% of the participants were assigned to stage II, 32.8% to stage III, and 3.3% to stage IV. When lowering the radiographic bone loss cutoff from > 3 mm to > 2 mm or > 1 mm the prevalence of periodontitis increased to 91.9% and 99.6%. Conclusions Periodontitis was common among 65 year-olds living in Oslo, and in the majority of those with periodontitis, the disease was recurrent and unstable. This study also shows that the choice of bone loss cutoff for defining a periodontitis case affects the prevalence estimates to a large extent. In addition, this study addresses weaknesses in the use of the consensus report of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions for epidemiologic studies in its current form.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien; Koldsland, Odd Carsten & Hove, Lene Hystad (2022). Periodontitis in a 65-year-old population: risk indicators and impact on oral health-related quality of life. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02662-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims The aims of the present study were to investigate socioeconomic and behavioral risk indicators for severe periodontitis in a 65-year-old Norwegian population, and to investigate how periodontitis impacts oral health-related quality of life. Material and methods A sample of 65-year-old residents in Oslo, born in 1954, was randomly selected for this study. The participants answered a questionnaire regarding country of birth, education, diabetes, smoking habits, dental attendance pattern, and tooth-brushing habits. In addition, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14). Negative impact on OHRQoL was defined as responding “fairly often” or “very often” to at least one of the OHIP-14 items. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on clinical and radiographic periodontal measurements and classified based on the consensus report from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Results Of 796 eligible participants, 460 individuals agreed to participate in the present study (response rate 58%). Seven participants were excluded from the analyses due to < 2 remaining teeth (n = 3) or missing questionnaire (n = 4), resulting in a study sample of 453 individuals (233 men and 220 women). An association was found between non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2, lower education, smoking, non-regular dental visits, and severe periodontitis (stage III or IV, n = 163) in bivariate analyses (Chi-square test). However, in the multiple logistic regression model, only non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2 and smoking (former and current), were associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis. The overall mean OHIP-14 total score was 3.6 (SD: 6.1). Participants with stage III or IV periodontitis reported a significantly higher OHIP-14 total score (mean: 4.7, SD: 7.4), indicating a lower OHRQoL, compared to non-periodontitis participants (mean: 2.9, SD: 4.9). Conclusions In the present study, non-western birth country, diabetes type 2, and smoking were found as significant risk indicators for severe periodontitis. Overall, results indicate a good OHRQoL among 65-year-olds in Oslo, however, a tendency of reduced OHRQoL with increasing severity of periodontitis was observed.

• Hynne, Håvard; Tashbayev, Behzod; Diep, My Tien; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Badian, Reza & Chen, Xiangjun [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). The relationship between ocular and oral dryness in a cohort from the 65-year-old population in Norway. Scientific Reports. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13985-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the present study, the relationship between dry eyes and dry mouth was explored in 150 65-year-old subjects randomly selected from the general population in Oslo, Norway. The number of drugs, including xerogenic drugs, and current and previous systemic diseases were recorded. Ocular parameters recorded were the McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, the Schirmer I Test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. The oral parameters were xerostomia frequency, Summated Xerostomia Inventory, Clinical Oral Dryness Score, and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva. The participants with current or previous systemic diseases had significantly more ocular and oral symptoms and significantly more oral clinical findings than the participants without a history of disease. Moreover, correlation and factor analyses demonstrated an association between subjective ocular and oral parameters. A significant correlation between the total number of drugs and the presence of ocular and oral symptoms was also noted. When the participants were categorized based on their ocular symptoms, poorer values were found for the oral parameters among the participants more troubled with dry eyes. The results in the present study call for increased awareness and an interdisciplinary approach in matters related to dry eyes and dry mouth.

• Chen, Xiangjun; Badian, Reza; Hynne, Håvard; Tashbayev, Behzod; Hove, Lene Hystad & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Morphology of Meibomian Glands in A 65‐Year‐Old Norwegian Population without Dry Eye Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 11(3). doi: 10.3390/jcm11030527. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Analyses of meibography may help in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, there is currently a paucity of data regarding meibography analyses in the young elderly populations in the Nordic countries. In the current study, meibography of the upper and lower eyelids of 117 65-year-old residents in Oslo, Norway, who did not fulfil the diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) were analysed. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout and tarsal areas were measured semi-automatically using ImageJ software. The relationship between morphological features of the MGs and clinical dry eye tests was examined. The median percent MG dropout was 26.1% and 40.7% in the upper and lower eyelids, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. None of the MG morphological parameters demonstrated significant values in discriminating abnormal dry eye symptom loads or MGD diagnosis from the normal loads. We therefore concluded that moderate MG atrophy was common among the Norwegian population of 65-year-olds without DED and showed no sexual differences. Meibography alone cannot discriminate MGD from non-MGD; thus, both morphological and functional MG tests are necessary when screening for MGD.

• Høvik, Hedda; Kolberg, Marit; Gjøra, Linda; Nymoen, Line Cathrine; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). The validity of self-reported number of teeth and edentulousness among Norwegian older adults, the HUNT Study. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02116-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Number of teeth is an established indicator of oral health and is commonly self-reported in epidemiological studies due to the costly and labor-intensive nature of clinical examinations. Although previous studies have found self-reported number of teeth to be a reasonably accurate measure, its accuracy among older adults ≥ 70 years is less explored. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported number of teeth and edentulousness in older adults and to investigate factors that may affect the accuracy of self-reports. Methods This study included two different samples of older adults ≥ 70 years drawn from the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), Norway. Sample 1 (n = 586) was used to evaluate the validity of self-reported number of teeth and sample 2 (n = 518) was used to evaluate self-reported edentulousness. Information on number of teeth and background variables (education, smoking, cognitive function, and self-perceived general and oral health) were self-reported in questionnaires, while clinical oral health examinations assessed number of teeth, number of teeth restored or replaced by fixed prosthodontics and edentulousness. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plot, chi-square test and kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement between self-reported and clinically recorded number of teeth. Results The mean difference between self-reported and clinically recorded number of teeth was low (− 0.22 teeth), and more than 70% of the participants reported their number of teeth within an error of two teeth. Correlations between self-reports and clinical examinations were high for the total sample (0.86 (Spearman) and 0.91 (Pearson)). However, a lower correlation was found among participants with dementia (0.74 (Spearman) and 0.85 (Pearson)), participants having ≥ 20 teeth (0.76 (Spearman) and 0.67 (Pearson)), and participants with ≥ 5 teeth restored or replaced by fixed prosthodontics (0.75 (Spearman) and 0.77 (Pearson)). Self-reports of having teeth or being edentulous were correct in 96.3% of the cases (kappa value 0.93, p value < 0.001).

• Henni, Silje Havrevold; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Hellesø, Ragnhild & Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko (2022). Oral health and oral health-related quality of life among older adults receiving home health care services: A scoping review. Gerodontology. ISSN 0734-0664. doi: 10.1111/ger.12649. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To map the literature on subjective and objective oral health indicators and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults receiving home health care services (HHCS). Background The proportion of older adults in need of HHCS will increase in the coming years. Previous studies indicate that frail and dependent older adults are at increased risk for oral diseases, due to challenges with daily oral hygiene and regular access to dental services. Materials and methods Four databases were searched in November 2020 for relevant literature. Search terms included a comprehensive list of terms for adults 65 years or older receiving HHCS, clinical and subjective oral health indicators, and OHRQoL. The literature was reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Of the 3114 sources identified, 18 were included. Data on oral diseases and symptoms among older adults receiving HHCS were limited and heterogeneous. Overall, older adults often lacked some of their natural teeth and often had removable dentures that needed repair. In addition, plaque, caries, xerostomia, and chewing and swallowing problems were common among the population group. Data on OHRQoL were scarce and indicated a positive association with a higher number of present teeth, while decayed teeth, root remnants, and dry mouth had substantial negative impacts on the daily activities of older adults receiving HHCS. Conclusion This scoping review show that older adults above 65 years receiving HHCS generally have poor oral health status and that there is a knowledge gap regarding their OHRQoL.

• Diep, My Tien; Hove, Lene Hystad; Ørstavik, Dag Solmund; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit & Sunde, Pia Titterud (2022). Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root-filled teeth in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate associations of pathosis and endodontic treatment with selected individual risk indicators and technical quality of root fillings. Material and methods A random sample of 450 65-year-olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical and radiological examination (52% men and 48% women). Periapical radiographs were taken of all root-filled teeth and of teeth with apical radiolucency, and periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index. Apex-to-filling distance and homogeneity were assessed for all root fillings. Analyses on individual level and tooth level were performed. The outcome variables were ‘non-root-filled tooth with AP’ (‘untreated AP’), ‘root-filled tooth’, and 'root-filled tooth with AP’. The explanatory variables were gender, education, dental attendance pattern, smoking, remaining teeth (n), tooth group, and root filling quality. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between outcome variables and explanatory variables. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. Results The mean number of remaining teeth was 26 (SD: 4). AP was present in 45% of the individuals. Sixteen percent of the individuals had untreated AP and 38% had at least one root-filled tooth with AP. Sixty-six percent of the individuals had one or more root-filled teeth. Untreated AP was significantly associated with a decreasing number of remaining teeth and smoking. All the outcome variables were significantly more prevalent in molars compared with premolars and anterior teeth. Thirty-five percent of the root-filled teeth had AP, and AP was more prevalent in teeth with too short apex-to-filling distance (53%) or unsatisfactory homogeneity (46%). Conclusions The remaining number of teeth was high, and AP and root-filled teeth were prevalent in the present young-elderly population. A notable amount of untreated AP was observed, especially in smokers. The findings in the present study indicate a substantial need for dental care associated with endodontic conditions in the future elderly.

• Young, Alix; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Giertsen, Elin (2022). Teaching radiographic caries detection and treatment planning: A seminar using an audience response system. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 56(3), p. 226–233. doi: 10.1159/000526109. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study presents a seminar model for teaching radiographic caries detection and treatment planning at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo. The seminar is based partly on an audience response system (ARS) and uses patient cases to focus on caries risk assessment and treatment planning. This paper describes the seminar design, implementation, learning outcomes, and observational study of variability in caries registrations and students’ attitudes to use of ARS. Dental and dental hygiene students participate in two seminar modules. Module 1 aims to develop and increase individual student skills in radiographic caries lesion detection, scoring, and differential diagnosis. Students perform trial registrations on bitewings using an ARS with anonymous live polling, and scorings are discussed in plenum. Students then perform individual registrations on 12 bitewing pairs. Using digital scoring, students detect and grade caries lesions on all approximal and occlusal tooth surfaces. After the session, students use the ARS to repeat scorings on selected tooth surfaces, and results are again discussed in plenum. Module 2 involves group exercises on 4 patient cases that are later presented with plenary discussions. In total, 1,624 caries registrations performed by 150 students attending the seminar between 2016 and 2018 were assessed for variability between students. As expected, variations in caries registrations were observed between students, mostly related to restored surfaces or tooth surfaces that were otherwise difficult to register. In 2022, 63 dental and dental hygiene students attending the seminar answered a questionnaire about use of ARS. The responses were scored using a five-point Likert scale. Overall, no significant difference in satisfaction with the ARS-based module was observed between dental and dental hygiene students (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x3e; 0.05). The majority of the students were positive toward the use of ARS (94%), but some disagreed on the role of ARS in usefulness for understanding the seminar content (3.2%), and in increasing their confidence in radiographic registration of caries (3.2%). The ARS-based module provides a positive learning environment that ensures student anonymity, interactivity, and engagement, and combined with the other seminar module gives students basic skills in caries detection and treatment planning.

• Diep, My Tien; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Young, Alix; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit & Petrovski, Beata [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 129(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/eos.12757. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study aimed to describe the prevalence and associated factors for xerostomia and hyposalivation in a young-elderly population. A random sample of 460 65-yr-old people living in Oslo, Norway, answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination (237 men and 223 women; response rate 58%). Ten percent of respondents reported xerostomia. The median Summated Xerostomia Index was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–7) and the median Clinical Oral Dryness Score was 2 (IQR: 1–3). The median unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion rate was 0.34 (IQR: 0.20–0.53) mL min–1 and the median stimulated whole saliva (SWS) secretion rate was 1.74 (IQR: 1.24–2.38) mL min–1. In 8% of the study participants the UWS secretion rate was ≤0.1 mL min–1 and in 4% the SWS secretion rate was ≤0.7 mL min–1. Three percent of the study participants had both xerostomia and hyposalivation with respect to UWS. Xerostomia was significantly associated with medication use, having rheumatic disease, and having received radiation therapy to the head/neck region. Hyposalivation with respect to UWS and SWS was significantly associated with medication use and type II diabetes. Even though xerostomia and hyposalivation were not prevalent conditions in this population, clinicians should be especially aware of the salivary conditions in patients taking four or more medications, patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and those who have undergone radiation therapy to the head/neck region.

• Giertsen, Elin; Bakken, Torunn Birkeland; Bergesen, Guri Høgenæs & Aas, Anne-Marie (2021). Alternative søtningsmidler: Egenskaper, bruksområder, sikkerhetsaspekter og helseeffekter – Del 1: Sukkeralkoholene. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 131(8), p. 690–700. Full text in Research Archive
• Giertsen, Elin; Svendsen, Gunnar & Aas, Anne-Marie (2021). Kostråd til den kariesaktive pasienten – er det viktigst å begrense sukkermengden eller inntaksfrekvensen? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 131(8), p. 724–727. Full text in Research Archive
• Giertsen, Elin; Bergesen, Guri Høgenæs; Bakken, Turid Birkeland & Aas, Anne-Marie (2021). Alternative søtningsmidler: Egenskaper, bruksområder, sikkerhetsaspekter og helseeffekter – Del 2: Intense søtstoff. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 131(8), p. 702–714. Full text in Research Archive
• Jordal, Kristin; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Sen, Abhijit; Torgersen, Gerald; Ørstavik, Dag & Sunde, Pia Titterud (2021). Effects of an individualized training course on technical quality and periapical status of teeth treated endodontically by dentists in the Public Dental Service in Norway. An observational intervention study. International Endodontic Journal. ISSN 0143-2885. doi: 10.1111/iej.13669. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To investigate the effect of a continuing education course on technical quality and treatment outcome for root filled permanent teeth in Møre and Romsdal County, Norway. Methodology: Fifty-two dentists employed in the Public Dental Service in Møre and Romsdal county, Norway, completed a two-day continuing education course in root canal treatment. Periapical radiographs of root filled teeth treated before and after the course, with at least one-year follow-up were identified and scored for technical quality and periapical status. Technical root filling quality was assessed by density and length and the treatment outcome by PAI scores. Treatment information was achieved from the county's electronic dental record system. Information regarding the dental practitioners' background and treatment procedure routines was collected by a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics analyses and mixed-effect logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of the course. Results: Radiographs were available for 224 teeth root filled before and for 221 teeth after the course. The proportion of teeth with adequate root filling quality was significantly lower after the course (p =0.006), associated mainly with short root fillings (p 18 years. Conclusions: A two-day continuing education course in root canal treatment attended by Public Dental Service dentists in Norway did not improve the technical quality of root fillings or periapical status associated with root filled teeth. Keywords: apical periodontitis; continuing education; endodontics; general dental practitioner; reciprocating technique; root filling quality.

• Jordal, Kristin; Sen, Abhijit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Ørstavik, Dag & Sunde, Pia Titterud (2021). Effects of an individualised training course in endodontics on the knowledge and insights of dentists in Public Dental Service in Norway. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1876915. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To evaluate the knowledge and insights of general dental practitioners regarding endodontic diagnosis and treatment principles before and after attending a 2-days continuing education course. Materials and methods Sixty-seven dentists employed in the Public Dental Service in Møre and Romsdal county, Norway, were invited to a continuing education course in endodontics. Before and after the course, they answered a questionnaire weighing the importance of factors influencing the prognosis of endodontic treatment. The same questionnaire was answered by specialists in endodontics (n = 56; Spec Group) and a reference group consisting of general dental practitioners from both private and public practice (n = 21; Ref Group). The Test Group answered both before and after the course, while the Spec and Ref Groups completed the questionnaire once. The responses were compared using the Wilcoxon Sign test and Mann–Whitey U test. Results Of the 67 dentists in the Test Group, 49 (73%) completed the course and answered both questionnaires. Before attending the course, the Test Group differed significantly from the Spec Group in 18 out of 27 prognostic factors (p ≤ .05). After the course, there was only moderate improvement in the Test Group responses. On only three factors, they agreed significantly more with the specialists than before attending the course (p ≤ .05). After the Test Group participants had attended the course, their responses were comparable to the responses of the Ref Group.

• Young, Alix; Hove, Lene Hystad; Stevning, Karen; Løvik, Sara-Emilie & Hjortsjö, Carl (2021). Kan tannpasta gjøre tennene mer sårbare? En in vitro pilotstudie om endring i fukting av emalje uttrykt ved kontaktvinkelmålinger. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 131(9), p. 796–801. Full text in Research Archive
• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Singh, Preet Bano; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2021). Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders in a 65-year-old population. BMC Geriatrics. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02242-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders likely have a substantial impact on human daily life. However, data regarding the prevalence of these disorders in Norway are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smell, taste, trigeminal disorders and associated factors in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway. Methods A random sample of 223 individuals (123 men, 100 women) participated in the study. Medical history was obtained, and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) were collected to determine salivary secretion rates. Sniffin`n Sticks and Taste Strips (Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) were used for quantitative testing of olfactory and gustatory function. In addition, the participants’ self-reported perceptions of smell and taste, and burning mouth sensation were investigated. Results The results showed that 34 % of the participants had reduced smell (28 % hyposmia and 6 % anosmia) and 28 % had reduced taste perception (21 % hypogeusia and 7 % ageusia). 13 % of the partcipants had a combination of smell and taste disorders. Dysgeusia was reported by 5 % and burning mouth sensation (syndrome) by 3 % of the participants. Hyposmia, hypogeusia and ageusia were significantly more prevalent among men. Significant associations were found between taste disorders and previous history of cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack, and between burning mouth sensation and gastrointestinal disorders. Disturbances in olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal function were significantly related to medication use. Ageusia and burning mouth sensation were significantly more prevalent among smokers. Except from higher prevalence of ageusia among participants with hyposalivation with respect to SWS, no significant associations were found between salivary secretion rate and chemosensory or trigeminal disorders in the present study. Conclusions The present study revealed that one-third of 65-year-old individuals had impaired smell and more than one-fourth had impaired taste function. The prevalence of dysgeusia and burning mouth sensation was very low. Reduced smell and taste perception were more common among men than women. Furthermore, some diseases and medications were associated with chemosensory and trigeminal disorders. Ageusia was associated with SWS hyposalivation.

• Westgaard, Kristine Løken; Hynne, Håvard; Amdal, Cecilie Delphin; Young, Alix; Singh, Preet Bano & Chen, Xiangjun [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Oral and ocular late effects in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Scientific Reports. 11:4026, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83635-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A broader understanding of oral and ocular late effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may provide valuable information in follow-up and improve quality of life. Twenty-nine HNC patients treated at least 6 months earlier and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. After completing several questionnaires: Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and McMonnies Dry Eye questionnaire (MDEQ), participants underwent oral and ocular examinations. Oral examination included clinical oral dryness score (CODS) and secretion rates of unstimulated and stimulated saliva (UWS, SWS). Ocular examination included tear film break-up time, Schirmer test and ocular surface staining. The patients had more problems related to dry mouth than controls based on CODS and SXI, and more complaints of dry eye disease based on OSDI and MDEQ. UWS and SWS rates and oral health related quality of life were significantly lower in the patient group. Subjective oral dryness (SXI) correlated significantly with subjective ocular dryness (OSDI and MDEQ). Our study demonstrates that HNC patients treated with IMRT experience late effects in terms of xerostomia and ocular dryness underlining the importance of interdisciplinary approach in the evaluation and follow-up of HNC patients.

• Svensberg, K.; Kalleberg, Birgitte Grøstad; Rosvold, E.O.; Mathiesen, Liv; Wøien, H. & Hove, L.H. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Interprofessional education on complex patients in nursing homes: a focus group study. BMC Medical Education. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02867-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background An ageing population leads up to increasing multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. This demands a comprehensive and interprofessional approach in meeting patients’ complex needs. This study describes graduate students’ experiences of working practice based in interprofessional teams with complex patients’ care needs in nursing homes. Method Students from advanced geriatric nursing, clinical nutrition, dentistry, medicine and pharmacy at the University of Oslo in Norway were assigned to groups to examine and develop a care plan for a nursing home patient during a course. Focus groups were used, 21 graduate students participating in four groups. Data were collected during spring 2018, were inductively analysed according to a thematic analysis method (Systematic Text Condensation). An analytical framework of co-ordination practices was applied to get an in-depth understanding of the data. Results Three themes were identified: 1) Complex patients as learning opportunities- an eye-opener for future interprofessional collaboration 2) A cobweb of relations, and 3) Structural facilitators for new collective knowledge. Graduate university students experienced interprofessional education (IPE) on complex patients in nursing homes as a comprehensive learning arena. Overall, different co-ordination practices for work organization among the students were identified. Conclusions IPE in nursing homes facilitated the students’ scope from a fragmented approach of the patients towards a relational and collaborative practice that can improve patient care and strengthen understanding of IPE. The study also demonstrated the need for preparatory teamwork training to gain maximum benefit from the experience. Something that can be organized by the education institutions in the form of a stepwise learning module and as an online pre-training course in interprofessional teamwork. Further, focusing on the need for well thought through processes of the activity by the institutions and the timing the practice component in students’ curricula. This could ensure that IPE is experienced more efficient by the students.

• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Gay, Caryl; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad & Malterud, Karl Egil [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). A mouth rinse based on a tea solution of Salvia officinalis for oral discomfort in palliative cancer care: A randomized controlled trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06021-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Few clinical studies evaluate interventions to reduce oral discomfort among patients in palliative care. Aim: This study examines the efficacy of a Salvia officinalis (SO) based herbal mouth rinse compared to conventional normal saline (NS) in order to improve oral health. Design: A block-randomized controlled trial. Data were collected before and after a 4-day intervention with either SO (n=44) or NS (n=44). Numerical rating scales (NRS, 0-10) and 12 items from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oral Health 17 (EORTC QLQ-OH17) measured patient-reported oral symptoms. An oral examination was performed before and after the intervention. Setting/participants: This study included adult patients with late-stage cancer in an inpatient hospice unit. Results: Of the 88 patients included (mean age=63.9 years, SD=10.6), 73 (83%) completed the study. At baseline, 78% reported dry mouth on the EORTC QLQ-OH17, and 80% rated dry mouth ≥4 on the NRS. Total oral health scores based on the 12 EORTC QLQ-OH17 items improved similarly in both groups (p

• Seitz, Elke; Hjortsjö, Carl; Dahl, Jon Einar & Saxegaard, Erik (2020). Dentin to dentin adhesion using combinations of resin cements and adhesives from different manufacturers - a novel approach. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry. 7(1), p. 96–104. doi: 10.1080/26415275.2020.1793677. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims The aims of this study were to present a novel method to analyse dentin bond strength and to evaluate the bond strength of combining adhesive systems and resin cement from different manufacturers. Methods Human wisdom teeth were ground flat to the dentin on parallel surfaces and axially cut into two parts. Dentin cylinders (Ø 3 mm) were drilled from one half of each tooth. The other half from each tooth was embedded in epoxy resin with the dentin surface exposed. The specimens were ground with silicone carbide paper and the dentin cylinders were cemented onto the dentin surface of the other half of the same tooth. Materials: Resin cement and adhesive systems from three different manufacturers were used in various combinations (n = 8 per group). Cement and adhesive from the same manufacturer served as control. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured and fracture modes were registered. Results and conclusions: The highest median SBS value was found in a bonding combination between cement and a non-corresponding adhesive (33.1 MPa) and one of the lowest values was found in one of the controls (15.3 MPa). Cohesive fractures were most frequent. The results indicated that combining adhesive and cement from different manufacturers did not compromise the dentin bonding. The novel test method is recommended for evaluating dentin bonding.

• Staxrud, Frode (2020). Minimally Invasive Dentistry. Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. 45(01), p. 225–238. doi: 10.18261/ISSN.2058-7538-2020-01-18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Begrepet «Minimally Invasive Dentistry» er etter hvert godt kjent, både i Norden og Europa for øvrig. Det er allikevel viktig å minne om oss selv om de grunnleggende prinsippene i dette konseptet. Med bakgrunn i oppdatert kunnskap om karies og tannslitasje, kombinert med nyere og bedre adhesive restaureringsteknikker, er det gode muligheter for å behandle tenner på en vevsbesparende måte slik at de holder livet ut. Pasienten må settes i fokus slik at den totale behandling individualiseres. Med kjennskap til pasienten og den enkeltes særlige vilkår kan vi skreddersy en plan for hver enkelt. Forebyggelse og kontroll på risikofaktorer forut for operativ behandling og en konservativ innstilling til original tannsubstans er gode grunnleggende prinsipper.

• Aqrawi, Lara A.; Chen, Xiangjun; Hynne, Håvard; Amdal, Cecilie Delphin; Reppe, Sjur & Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Cytokines Explored in Saliva and Tears from Radiated Cancer Patients Correlate with Clinical Manifestations, Influencing Important Immunoregulatory Cellular Pathways. Cells. 9(9). doi: 10.3390/cells9092050. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Although radiotherapy is a common form of treatment for head and neck cancer, it may lead to tissue damage in the salivary and lacrimal glands, possibly affecting cytokine expression in the gland fluid of treated individuals. Cytokine profiles in saliva and tear fluid of 29 radiated head and neck cancer patients and 20 controls were screened using a multiplex assay. Correlations between cytokine expression and clinical oral and ocular manifestations were examined, and cellular pathways influenced by these cytokines were assessed using the Functional Enrichment Analysis Tool. Significantly elevated cytokines identified in patient saliva were CCL21, IL-4, CX3CL1, CCL2, CXCL1 and CCL15. Many of these cytokines correlated positively with objective signs of oral dryness, and reduced saliva production in the patients. Although CCL21 and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in patient tear fluid, they correlated with subjective ocular symptoms. These increased salivary cytokines affected pro-inflammatory and apoptotic cellular pathways, including T cell signalling, several interleukin signalling pathways, TNF and TGF-β receptor signalling, and the apoptotic p53 pathway. In conclusion, the upregulated salivary cytokines identified suggest an interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, affecting immunoregulatory cellular pathways. Whether this is due to late effects of radiotherapy or tissue repair remains to be investigated.

• Tashbayev, Behzod; Garen, Torhild Oddveig; Palm, Øyvind; Chen, Xiangjun; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Vik, Alix Rosslyn Young [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Patients with non-Sjögren's sicca report poorer general and oral health-related quality of life than patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports. 10(2063). doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59078-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the impact of the disease on quality of life is crucial in patient management. In this cross-sectional study, general and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires, and thorough examinations of oral and ocular dryness were performed in age- and sex-matched patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS group), non-Sjögren’s syndrome sicca (non-SS group) and healthy controls. General and oral health-related quality of life were investigated with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the 14-Item Oral Health Impact Profle questionnaires, respectively. Subjective symptoms of xerostomia and ocular dryness were recorded using the Summated Xerostomia Inventory and Ocular Surface Disease Index, respectively. Clinical examinations included evaluation of clinical oral dryness scores, candida counts, unstimulated and stimulated saliva secretory rates, tear osmolarity, tear flm break-up time, Schirmer I test and ocular surface staining. Both patient groups had pronounced signs and symptoms of xerostomia and ocular dryness. Even though the non-SS patients had less severe clinical signs than the pSS patients, they demonstrated much poorer general and oral health-related quality of life. In conclusion, non-SS patients require more attention in order to improve their quality of life.

• Tulek, Amela; Vieira, Alexandre Rezende; Weber, Megan L; Bezamat, Mariana; Deeley, Kathleen & Stenhagen, Kjersti Refsholt [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Aquaporins’ Influence on Different Dental Erosive Wear Phenotypes in Humans. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1159/000505965. Full text in Research Archive
• Tulek, Amela; Mulic, Aida; Stenhagen, Kjersti Refsholt; Galtung, Hilde; Saeed, Muhammad & Utheim, Tor Paaske [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Dental Erosion in Mice with Impaired Salivary Gland Function. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 78, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734234. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Salivary flow rate exerts an essential impact on the development and progression of dental erosion. In this work, the experimental dental erosion in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with reduced salivary flow rate was induced, and the erosive effect of acidic drinks on their dentition was studied. Material and methods: Three acidic drinks (sports drink, cola light drink and sugar containing cola drink) were given to adult NOD mice (groups: N = 11) as the only drink for 6 weeks. Two control groups were included; wild type and NOD control (groups: N = 9). Experimental and control (water) teeth were dissected out and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular first molars were subsequently embedded in Epon, ground transversely, observed again by SEM, and the enamel thickness and tooth height were measured. Results: Mandibular molars were considerably more eroded than maxillary molars. The erosive process started at the top of the cusps and subsequently extended in the cervical, mesio-distal, and pulpal direction. Erosive lesions were evident in increased succession from sports drink, cola light to cola drink exposed mandibular molars, with the lingual tooth height being approximately 23%, 26%, and 37% lower, respectively, compared to the control. The lingual enamel was approximately 48% thinner in sports drink molars and 62% thinner in cola light molars. In cola drink molars, the lingual enamel was totally eroded, and significant erosion of dentine was evident. Conclusion: Reduced salivary flow, together with a high consumption of acidic drinks, results in severe erosion of NOD mice molars.

• Stenhagen, Kjersti Refsholt; Holme, Børge; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Lussi, Adrian & Carvalho, Thiago Saads (2019). Analytical strategies for clinical studies on dental erosive wear. BMC Oral Health. 19(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0834-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background There is a need for analytical techniques for measuring Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) on natural surfaces in clinical studies. The purpose was to investigate the use of two instruments aimed to assess initial to more advanced stages of ETW. Methods Human premolar enamel samples (2x3mm) (n = 24), were polished flat and mounted in resin cylinders (4 cylinders, 6 samples in each). Part 1: Baseline analyses by White Light Interferometer (WLI), Surface Reflection Intensity (SRI: TableTop and OptiPen) and Surface Hardness (SH). Erosion (1% citric acid (pH 3.6) for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min. SRI and SH analyses after every erosion episode and by WLI after 10 min. New indentations were made and enamel loss; was measured by change in indentation depths from toothbrush abrasion (200 g, 60 strokes, 30 s). Another series of 2 × 5 min erosion (totally15 min and 20 min) was analysed with SH and SRI after each erosion, and by WLI (on samples and impressions of samples) after 20 min. Part 2 investigated WLI performance in the interface where initial erosion increases in severity and substance loss occurs. The samples were repolished. Baseline analyses by WLI, SRI (TableTop and OptiPen) and SH. Four cylinders were etched for 1, 2, 4, 8 min respectively and analysed by SRI, SH on samples, and WLI on samples and impressions). Results Part1: SRI decreased from baseline to ~ 6 min etch and increased slightly after abrasion, the two devices correlated well (ICC 0.98 p < 0.001, Spearmans rs 0.91 p < 0.001). SH decreased nearly linearly to 10 min etch, but increased distinctly after abrasion. Mean enamel loss from abrasion alone was 0.2 μm (change in indentation depths). After 10 min etch, it was 0.27 μm (WLI) and after 20 min etch, it was 2.2 μm measured on samples vs 2.4 μm on impressions of samples (7% higher). Part 2: From baseline to 8 min etch; SRI and SH decreased whereas WLI presented increasing etch depths. Conclusions With some adjustments, the use of SRI and WLI in combination seems to be a promising strategy for monitoring ETW in clinical studies.

• Singh, Preet Bano; Young, Alix; Homayouni, Amin; Hove, Lene Hystad; Petrovski, Beata & Herlofson, Bente Brokstad [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Distorted Taste and Impaired Oral Health May Affect Nutritional Status in Patients with Sicca Complaints. Nutrients. 11(2). doi: 10.3390/nu11020264. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Senses of smell and taste, saliva flow, and dental status are considered as important factors for the maintenance of a good nutritional status. Salivary secretory rates, chemosensory function, burning mouth sensation, halitosis and dental status were investigated in 58 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), 22 non-Sjögren’s syndrome sicca (non-SS) patients, and 57 age-matched healthy controls. A significantly greater proportion of patients with pSS and non-SS had ageusia, dysgeusia, burning mouth sensation, and halitosis compared to controls. Patients with pSS had significantly lower olfactory and gustatory scores, and significantly higher caries experience compared to controls. Patients with pSS and non-SS patients had significantly lower unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva secretory rates compared to controls. The findings indicated that several different aspects of oral health were compromised in both, patients with pSS and non-SS, and this may affect their food intake and, hence, their nutritional status. Although non-SS patients do not fulfill Sjögren’s syndrome classification criteria, they have similar or, in some cases, even worse oral complaints than the patients with pSS. Further studies are needed to investigate food preferences, dietary intake, and nutritional status in these two patient groups in relation to their health condition.

• Chen, Xiangjun; Aqrawi, Lara Adnan; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Tashbayev, Behzod; Utheim, Øygunn Aass & Reppe, Sjur [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Elevated cytokine levels in tears and saliva of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome correlate with clinical ocular and oral manifestations. Scientific Reports. 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43714-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Investigating cytokines in tear fluid and saliva may offer valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Cytokine profiles in both tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients, non-Sjögren’s syndrome (non-SS) subjects with sicca symptoms, and healthy controls without sicca complaints were analysed. Furthermore, relationships associating the severity of clinical ocular and oral manifestations with the upregulated cytokines were assessed. In tear fluid, pSS patients showed elevated levels of IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1b, and Rantes compared to non-SS subjects and healthy controls. The increased cytokine levels (except IP-10) correlated significantly with reduced tear production, less stable tear film, and greater ocular surface damage. In saliva, pSS patients had a higher IP-10 level, which correlated with higher candida score; and an elevated MIP-1a level, which correlated significantly with lower unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva secretion rates. The upregulated cytokines identified in tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients show a clear interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses that may contribute to disease pathogenesis. The increase of IP-10 and MIP in both tears and saliva further emphasises the essential role of macrophages and innate immunity in pSS.

• Schlueter, Nadine; Amaechi, Bennett T.; Bartlett, David; Buzalaf, Marília A.; Carvalho, Thiago Saads & Ganss, Carolina [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2019). Terminology of erosive tooth wear: Consensus report of a workshop organized by the ORCA and the cariology research Group of the IADR. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1159/000503308. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Our understanding of erosive tooth wear and its contributing factors has evolved considerably over the last decades. New terms have been continuously introduced, which frequently describe the same aspects of this condition, whereas other terms are being used inappropriately. This has led to unnecessary confusion and miscommunication between patients, professionals, and researchers. A group of 15 experts, selected by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and the Cariology Research Group of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), participated in a 2-day workshop to define the most commonly used terms in erosive tooth wear. A modified Delphi method was utilized to reach consensus. At least 80% agreement was achieved for all terms discussed and their definitions related to clinical conditions and processes, basic concepts, diagnosis, risk, and prevention and management of erosive tooth wear. Use of the terms agreed on will provide a better understanding of erosive tooth wear and intends to enable improved communication on this topic.

• Singh, Preet Bano; Young, Alix; Lind, Synnøve; Leegard, Marie Cathinka; Capuozzo, Alessandra & Parma, Valentina (2018). Smelling anxiety chemosignals impairs clinical performance of dental students. Chemical Senses. ISSN 0379-864X. 43(6), p. 411–417. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjy028. Full text in Research Archive

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• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2026). Risk Indicators for Irregular Dental Attendance Among 65-Year-Olds in Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit (2026). Bedre samhandling - bedre tannhelse for eldre. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening. ISSN 1501-8636. 1/26, p. 26–29. doi: https:/issuu.com/tannpleierforening/docs/tannstikka_1_26. Full text in Research Archive
• Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari; Hellesø, Ragnhild; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise (2025). Dental Professionals' Perspectives on Collaboration in Elderly Dental Care. Full text in Research Archive
• Maroufi, Sada; Milanovic, Blagica; Hove, Lene Hystad; Høyvik, Ann Catrin; Torgersen, Gerald R. & Fjeld, Katrine Gahre (2025). SimSamBot – Development of an AI-Based Training Robot Assisting Students in Communication with Dementia Patients. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The increasing prevalence of dementia presents unique challenges for dental professionals, particularly in communication and patient management. Effective communication is critical to providing compassionate, patient-centered care, yet dental students often lack the necessary training to interact confidently with dementia patients. Aims and Objectives This project aims to equip dental students with the skills and knowledge required to communicate effectively with dementia patients. Specific objectives include: 1 Developing a communication training module tailored to dementia care; 2 Enhancing students’ ability to recognize and adapt to the needs of patients with cognitive decline; and 3 Promoting empathy and understanding through experiential learning approaches. Materials and Methods A large language model (LLM) acting as communication robot is supplied with data on the patient groups it simulates. Information is collected through literature reviews and audio recordings of clinical consultations with dementia patients, with consent from the healthcare provider, patient and relatives if needed. Recordings are anonymized and transcribed immediately after consultations, with the original recordings subsequently deleted. Only anonymized data is used in the robot. Results While full implementation is forthcoming, anticipated outcomes include improved student confidence in communicating with dementia patients, enhanced empathy, and better preparedness for clinical practice. Discussion and Conclusion This initiative addresses a critical need in dental education by preparing students for the complexities of dementia care. By fostering effective communication skills, this project aligns with ADEEʼs vision of reimagining education to meet evolving societal needs. The outcomes will contribute to improved oral health care for dementia patients while advancing the pedagogical standards of dental education globally.

• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Exploring Associations Between Medication Use, Frailty and Oral Health in Acutely Ill Older Adults. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Dry Mouth, Frailty and Polypharmacy in Acutely Ill Older Adults. Full text in Research Archive
• Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2024). FISSUR-prosjektet: Veien fra oppstart til resultater. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Preliminary data from the COOP II study - exploring oral and general health among older people in need of acute care. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Preliminary data from the COOP II study – exploring oral and general health among older people in need of short-time acute care. Full text in Research Archive
• Singh, Preet Bano; Nazar, Mahnoor; Rogn, Åsmund & Iversen, Per Ole (2024). Dental caries and other oral complications in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Full text in Research Archive
• Myhr, Arnhild; Jiang, Lin; Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Sen, Abhijit (2024). Body mass index change and risk of poor oral health in Norwegian adults: the HUNT longitudinal study. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.2301. Full text in Research Archive
• Santervas, Leonor Roa; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Skovlund, Eva; Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Ringstad, Ingrid Beate & Jensen, Janicke Cecilie Liaaen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Frailty and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Admitted to Oslo Municipal In-Patient Acute Care Unit. Full text in Research Archive
• Rogn, Åsmund; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Iversen, Per Ole & Singh, Preet Bano (2024). Correction to: Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (3455), 10.1038/s41598-024-53919-y). Scientific Reports. 14(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59915-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvre, Ingrid Berget; Brelin, Jenny Alexandra; Nortvedt, Per; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Rønneberg, Anne (2024). Etiske problemstillinger i odontologistudiet - En tematisk analyse av odontologistudenters refleksjonsnotater. Full text in Research Archive
• Santervas, Leonor Roa; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Skovlund, Eva; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Cooperation across healthcare service levels for medication reviews in older people with polypharmacy admitted to a municipal in-patient acute care unit (The COOP II Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 25(1). doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08442-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use are associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Collaborative interventions between geriatricians and general practitioners have demonstrated effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes for complex medication regimens in home-dwelling patients. Since 2012, Norwegian municipalities have established municipal in-patient acute care (MipAC) units, designed to contribute towards reducing the number of hospital admissions. These units predominantly serve older people who typically benefit from multidisciplinary approaches. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cooperative medication reviews conducted by MipAC physicians, supervised by geriatricians, and in collaboration with general practitioners, on health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes in MipAC patients ≥ 70 years with polypharmacy. Additionally, the study aims to assess the carbon footprint of the intervention. Methods: This is a randomized, single-blind, controlled superiority trial with 16 weeks follow-up. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the control group, receiving usual care at the MipAC unit, or to the intervention group which in addition receive clinical medication reviews that go beyond what is considered usual care. The medication reviews will evaluate medication appropriateness using a structured but individualized framework, and the physicians will receive supervision from geriatricians. Following the clinical medication reviews, the MipAC physicians will arrange telephone meetings with the participants’ general practitioners to combine their assessments in a joint medication review. The primary outcome is health-related quality of life as measured by the 15D instrument. Secondary outcomes include physical and cognitive functioning, oral health, falls, admissions to healthcare facilities, and mortality. Discussion: This study aims to identify potential clinical benefits of collaborative, clinical medication reviews within community-level MipAC units for older patients with polypharmacy. The results may offer valuable insights into optimizing patient care in comparable municipal healthcare settings. Trial registration: The study was registered prospectively on ClinicalTrials.gov 30.08.2023 with identifier NCT06020391.

• Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Schwendicke, Falk; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2023). Tannhelsetjenester til eldre med hjemmetjenester – praksis, egenvurdert kunnskap og utfordringer blant norske tannleger og tannpleiere. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. doi: 10.56373/2023-12-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). What happens to oral health when multimorbidity, polypharmacy and frailty comes along? Full text in Research Archive
• Zaytseva-Zotova, Daria; Singh, Simon; Haideri, Frozan; Elkafas, Nadin Abdelwahab Mohamed Abdou; Bautista, Alejandro Barrantes & Singh, Preet Bano [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Capsaicin-loaded microdroplets for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Romskaug, Rita; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Santervas, Leonor Roa & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Oral Health in Times of Frailty and Polypharmacy. Full text in Research Archive
• Rogn, Åsmund; Jensen, Janicke Cecilie Liaaen & Singh, Preet Bano (2023). Compromised chemosensory, trigeminal and salivary function in Long-COVID patients. Full text in Research Archive
• Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hellesø, Ragnhild (2023). Munnhelse - et forsømt samhandlingslandskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Rødseth, Siri Christine; Høvik, Hedda; Bjertness, Espen & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2023). Socio-economic gradients in caries experience in Norwegian adults, HUNT4 Oral Health Study. Full text in Research Archive
• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad (2023). Gerodontologiske vurderinger og behandlinger anno 2023. Full text in Research Archive
• Singh, Preet Bano; Rogn, Åsmund & Jensen, Janicke Cecilie Liaaen (2023). Management of chemosensory, trigeminal and salivary dysfunction in Long-COVID patients. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørkeng, Astrid Skiftesvik; Singh, Preet Bano & Tuft, Mia (2022). Podkast: Hjernen styrer lukt og smak - Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Korona har herjet med lukt og smakt til millioner av mennesker verden over. Vi har plutselig blitt bevisst sanser vi frem til nå har tatt for gitt. Men hvordan fungerer lukt- og smakssansene våre?  

• Hassan, Hero Ibrahim; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Hellesø, Ragnhild & Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko (2022). Oral healthcare related beliefs among personnel working in home care services in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Frigaard, Julie Mari; Hynne, Håvard; Randsborg, Karoline; Mellin-Olsen, Tonje; Young, Alix & Rykke, Morten [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Oral health indicators, oral health-related quality of life and nutritional aspects in medicated patients suffering from anxiety, psychosis, and/or depression. Frontiers in Public Health. Full text in Research Archive
• Frigaard, Julie Mari; Hynne, Håvard; Young, Alix; Hove, Lene Hystad; Rykke, Morten & Singh, Preet Bano [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Do medicated psychiatric patients differ from other dry mouth patients? Full text in Research Archive
• Uhlen, Marte-Mari Nordsetmoen; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise (2022). Challenges in providing dental care for non-institutional care-dependent older adults in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise (2022). Oral helse og sunn aldring, med fokus på eldre i hjemmebasert omsorg. Full text in Research Archive
• Henni, Silje Havrevold; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko (2022). Oral helse og oral helserelatert livskvalitet blant eldre som mottar hjemmesykepleie. Norsk tannlegeforening Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Gay, Caryl; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Orale soppinfeksjoner - mer enn Candida albicans: mikrobiologiske analyser av prøver fra alvorlig syke pasienter med kreft. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn Pasienter med alvorlig kreftsykdom er utsatte for orale soppinfeksjoner, grunnet sykdommen, kreftbehandling og/eller svekket immunforsvar. Orale soppinfeksjon påvirker pasienters matlyst, ernæringstilstand og livskvalitet. Candida albicans er en vanlig soppart i munnhulen, men forekomst av non-albicans Candida-arter, og i kombinasjon med C. albicans, er økende. Artene har varierende toleranse for antimykotiske midler, det kan gi behandlingsutfordringer. Hensikten med studien var å identifisere og resistensteste Candida sopparter i munnhulen til alvorlig syke pasienter med kreft. Metode Sopprøver tatt under studien Oral Health in Advanced Cancer i perioden 2014 – 2016, ble analysert høsten 2020. Pasientprøvene ble re-dyrket ved Institutt for oral biologi, Universitetet i Oslo. Soppartene ble identifisert biokjemisk og ved DNA sekvensering, og resistenstestet for antimykotiske legemidler: fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin og nystatin. Resultat Vi analyserte totalt 56 isolater fra 45 pasienter og identifiserte syv Candida arter og en Saccharomyces. Til sammen hadde 36 pasienter oppvekst av én soppart, og 9 pasienter hadde 2 til 3 ulike sopparter i munnhulen. Av C. albicans artene var 39 av 40 følsomme for fluconazole. To Candida parapsilosis og en Candida tropicalis var resistent mot anidulafungin. En C. tropicalis var resistent mot anidulafungin. En Candida glabrata var resistent mot fluconazole. Konklusjon Studien viste at forskjellige Candida arter forekommer både i monoinfeksjoner og blandingsinfeksjoner. C. albicans var dominerende med høy følsomhet for antimykotiske midler. Blandingsinfeksjoner kan komplisere behandlingen og forårsake gjentagende infeksjoner. Mikrobiologiske prøver og analyser med identifisering og resistenstesting, bør være en del av utredningen hos pasienter med alvorlig og tilbakevendende orale soppinfeksjoner.

• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Gay, Caryl; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Identification and susceptibility testing of oral candidiasis in advanced cancer patients – an important diagnostic tool. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Candida albicans is the most common fungal species detected in the oral cavity. Studies of oral fungal samples have shown an increased prevalence of non-C. albicans species in mixed infection with C. albicans. Non-C. albicans and C. albicans are associated with varying degrees of resistance to azole. This may have implications for treatment, due to acquired antifungal resistance. Aims: To assess the diversity and susceptibility of detected Candida species in the oral cavity in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Clinical fungal isolates sampled in 2014-2016 from 45 patients in a hospice unit were analyzed. A total of 56 isolates were grown on chromID Candida plates. After phenotypic identification by colour of the colonies, one single colony of each species was re-cultivated and prepared for identification on a VITEK2® system. Susceptibility testing with E-test was performed on RPMI agar, and the antifungal agents fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin and nystatin were tested. Results: A total of 56 Candida isolates were identified. The diversity of Candida species was dominated by C. albicans at 89%, followed by C. glabrata 11%, C. parapsilosis 7%, C. tropicalis 4%, C. krusei 2%, C. guilliermondii 2% and C. dubliniesis 2%. Thirty-six patients had monoculture, and nine patients had 2-3 different species detected. Almost all C. albicans strains (97.5%) were susceptible to fluconazole. One C. parapsilosis and one C. tropicalis strain were resistant to anidulafungin. One C. glabrata was resistant to fluconazole and another was just below the threshold for resistance. Conclusion: C. albicans was the most prevalent Candida species in our sample. Variation in susceptibility was observed in patients with both C. albicans and C. glabrata. Combinations of Candida species and the lack of identification and susceptibility testing may lead to inadequate treatment and accelerate the development of resistance.

• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Gay, Caryl; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Oral candidiasis in advanced cancer – identification and susceptibility testing of detected Candida species. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common fungal species in the oral cavity. Increased prevalence of non-C. albicans are detected, and co-infection with C. albicans may have implications for treatment, due to antifungal resistance. The aim of the study was to assess the diversity and susceptibility of oral yeasts in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Clinical fungal isolates were sampled in 2014-2016 from 45 patients in a hospice unit. Totally 56 isolates were grown on chromID Candida plates, prepared for biochemical identification, and controlled with DNA sequencing. E-test was performed with the antifungal agents fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin and nystatin were tested. Results: A total of 56 isolates were identified. Candida species was dominated by C. albicans at 71%, followed by C. glabrata 9%, C. parapsilosis 5%, C. tropicalis 4%, C. krusei 2%, C. guilliermondii 2% and C. dubliniesis 2%. Nine patients had 2-3 different species. C. albicans strains were susceptible to fluconazole in 97.5%. One C. parapsilosis and one C. tropicalis strain were resistant to anidulafungin. One C. glabrata was resistant to fluconazole and another was just below the threshold for resistance. The sequencing confirmed the biochemical identification. Conclusion: C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Variation in susceptibility was observed in patients with mixed colonies. Combinations of Candida species and the lack of identification and susceptibility testing may lead to inadequate treatment.

• Hynne, Håvard; Aqrawi, Lara A.; Chen, Xiangjun; Amdal, Cecilie Delphin; Reppe, Sjur & Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Cytokine profiling, clinical oral and ocular manifestations post radiotherapy. Full text in Research Archive
• Young, Alix; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Hove, Lene Hystad; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Blich, Carl Christian (2021). Et smil uten smerter? Full text in Research Archive
• Vik, Alix Young; Torgersen, Gerald R.; Giertsen, Elin & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2021). Use of a student response system for teaching radiographic caries detection and treatment planning. Full text in Research Archive
• Parma, Valentina; Ohla, Kathrin; Veldhuizen, MK; Niv, Masha Y.; Kelly, Christine E. & Bakke, Alyssa J. [Show all 122 contributors for this article] (2021). Erratum: More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated with Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis (Chemical Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041). Chemical Senses. ISSN 0379-864X. 46. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjab050. Full text in Research Archive
• Diep, My Tien; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Young, Alix; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hove, Lene Hystad (2020). Are Xerostomia and Hyposalivation Common Problems Among 65-Year-Olds? Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 54(4), p. 449–450. doi: 10.1159/000511860. Full text in Research Archive
• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Singh, Preet Bano; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2020). Prevalence of Smell, Taste, Trigeminal Disorders and Quality of Life Among 65-Year-Olds in Oslo. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 54(4), p. 449–449. doi: 10.1159/000511860. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad; Bargbidi, Mitra; Abrahamsen, Siren & Heggestad, Anne Kari Tolo (2019). Eldre som ikke koopererer-etiske aspekter. Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen & Hove, Lene Hystad (2019). Eldres munnhelse: La oss fortelle historien om Berit. Full text in Research Archive
• Monsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Gay, Caryl; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre; Hove, Lene Hystad & Saghaug, Elisabeth [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). A comparison of normal saline mouth rinse and mouth rinse based on Salvia officinalis in palliative care: A randomized controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Young, Alix; Singh, Preet Bano; Hynne, Håvard; Westergaard, Kristine Løken; Hove, Lene Hystad & Rykke, Morten [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Oral Investigations in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Radiotherapy. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To investigate oral complaints and findings in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who had received radiotherapy and compare them with controls. Methods: As part of a larger study, 30 HNC patients (14 female, age 64.2±9.6y) and 26 age- and sex-matched controls (13 female, 62.9±12.9y, p=0.850) were examined at the Dry Mouth Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Oslo. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the short form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14: high score-low OHRQoL). Self-reported dysgeusia (yes/no) and sense of taste (10-point VAS: high score-good smell sense) were recorded. Taste scores were recorded using taste strips (high score-good taste function). Oral candida counts were determined from cheek and tongue swabs (0=no growth, 1=minimal, 2=moderate, 3=severe). Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) in mouth air samples were determined by gas chromatography and related to perceptive threshold-levels (H2S≤112ppb, CH3SH≤26ppb). Between-group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Results: The HNC patients reported significantly poorer OHRQoL than controls (OHIP sum-score: 18.4±12.4 vs 1.2±2.0, p<0.001). They reported significantly poorer sense of taste compared to controls (6.4±2.4 vs 7.8±1.9, p=0.018), and more often dysgeusia (26.7% vs 7.7%, p=0.087). The measured gustatory scores (20.4±6.4 vs 22.3±4.6, p=0.315) were similar for both groups. Candida scores were significantly higher in the patient group (1.6±1.3 vs 0.7±0.9, p=0.024). The percentage of HNC patients who had oral H2S above the threshold level was significantly lower than for the controls (0% vs 27%, p<0.05). This was not the case for CH3SH (5.5% vs 27%, p=0.105). Conclusion: After radiotherapy, these HNC patients experienced negative oral consequences of the treatment. They reported poorer OHRQoL, and had reduced taste sensation and higher oral candida counts. However, the underlying reason for less problems with halitosis in HNC patients than in controls is worth further exploration.

• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Chen, Xiangjun; Hynne, Håvard; Westgaard, Kristine Løken; Hove, Lene Hystad & Young, Alix [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Sjögren’s versus irradiated head-neck cancer patients: oral and ocular investigations. Full text in Research Archive
• Hynne, Håvard; Westgaard, Kristine Løken; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Amdal, Cecilie Delphin; Hove, Lene Hystad & Young, Alix [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Oral and Ocular Findings in Radiated Head-and Neck Cancer Patients. Full text in Research Archive
• Homayouni, Amin; Tashbayev, Behzod; Rusthen, Shermin; Hove, Lene Hystad; Rykke, Morten & Singh, Preet Bano [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Can saliva secretion affect oral malodour and oral health-related quality of life? Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between saliva secretion, halitosis and oral health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Informed consent was obtained from 65 participants including 24 patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS, 53±12y), 17 patients with dry eyes and dry mouth not fulfilling the classification for pSS (non-SS-sicca, 53±11y), and 24 healthy controls (49±11y). Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva secretion rates were recorded as low (hyposalivation: SWS <0.7 ml/min, UWS <0.1 ml/min) or normal (SWS >0.7 ml/min, UWS >0.1 ml/min). Volatile sulfur compounds (VSC: hydrogen sulphide-H2S, methylmercaptan-CH3SH) in mouth air were measured by gas chromatography. HRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Mann-Whitney test was used in data analysis (p<0.05). In general, for UWS, subjects with hyposalivation had significantly higher mean CH3SH-levels than those with normal salivation (27.339.3 vs 9.913.6 ppb). For SWS, subjects with hyposalivation had significantly higher mean H2S-levels (184.5464.8 vs 43.964.1 ppb) and CH3SH-levels (27.237.4 vs 6.58.9 ppb). Within the non-SS patient group, those with hyposalivation had significantly higher H2S-levels than those with normal salivation. In general, there were no significant differences in OHIP-scores based on VSC levels. However, within the non-SS group, those with high H2S-levels (>112 ppb) reported significantly more often that they had “difficulties relaxing due to oral problems”, and that “life has been less satisfactory due to oral problems”, than those with low H2S-levels (<112 ppb). In conclusion, hyposalivation was generally associated with increased levels of oral VSC, indicating oral malodour. Surprisingly, patients with dry eyes and dry mouth who did not fulfill the classification for pSS seemed to be more affected in their daily life than patients who fulfilled the criteria.

• Langeland, Øystein; Tashbayev, Behzod; Rusthen, Shermin; Young, Alix; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Hove, Lene Hystad [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2018). Comparative Ocular and Oral Findings in Sicca Complex. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Svensberg, Karin; Kalleberg, Birgitte; Mathiesen, Liv; Hellesø, Ragnhild & Hove, Lene Hystad (2018). SamPraks Research Project at UiO. Full text in Research Archive

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