Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai

• Giglio, Daniel; Ganesh, Divya; Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Søland, Tine Merete; Sundberg, Jonas & Thorsell, Annika [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Biomarkers Correlating With the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Leukoplakia. Oral Diseases. ISSN 1354-523X. doi: 10.1111/odi.70439. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background We assessed protein biomarkers expressed in oral leukoplakia (OL) that are associated with the risk of transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Tissue sections of OL transforming into OSCC (leuko-ca), the corresponding OSCC and OL that did not progress to OSCC (leuko-nonca) were analyzed with global relative quantification to compare proteome profiles. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the expression of identified biomarkers. Results The top enriched biological pathways in OL transforming into OSCC within 5–26 months after diagnosis (short duration [SD]-leuko-ca) compared with leuko-nonca were pathways regulating remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and lipid and cholesterol metabolism/transport. Kininogen-1, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), collagen alpha-1 (XVIII) chain (COL18A1), sortilin, and perlecan were the most downregulated proteins, whereas EEF1D was the most upregulated in SD-leuko-ca compared with leuko-nonca. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of kininogen-1, ApoE, perlecan, and EEF1D in OL and OSCC. In OSCC compared with leuko-ca, enriched biological pathways involved keratinocyte and epithelial differentiation and immune response regulation. Conclusion We identified biomarkers in OL that were associated with the risk of malignant transformation. Our study gives further support for the importance of the immune system, ECM remodeling, and lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in the progression of OL to OSCC.

• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Mastrogeorgiou, Michalis & Sapkota, Dipak (2026). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): An overview. In Chaurasia, Akhilanand & Tavassoli, Mahvash (Ed.), Microbiome in Head and Neck Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications: Part B. Elsevier. ISSN 9780443470561. p. 3–33. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Oral cavity cancer comprises malignancies arising from anatomical sites within the oral cavity, including the gingiva, buccal mucosa, anterior two-thirds of the tongue (oral or mobile tongue), hard palate, floor of the mouth, retromolar area, and mucosal surface of the lip. More than 90% of oral cavity cancers are histologically squamous cell carcinomas (oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC). Combined with mucosal lip cancer, oral cavity cancer ranks as the 19th most common cancer globally, with approximately 390000 new cases and 190000 deaths annually. However, the burden of OSCC varies geographically, with Melanesia and South-Central Asia showing a much higher disease incidence. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over recent decades, OSCC mortality has remained largely unchanged, with only approximately 55-60% of patients surviving 5 years after diagnosis. Tobacco use (both smoking and smokeless forms) and alcohol consumption are among the most important risk factors for OSCC. This book chapter aims to provide a general introduction to OSCC, including its epidemiology, associated etiological factors, a proposed model of molecular pathogenesis, the diagnostic pathway, common treatment modalities, and prognostic factors.

• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar & Sapkota, Dipak (2026). Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs): An overview. In Chaurasia, Akhilanand & Tavassoli, Mahvash (Ed.), Microbiome in Head and Neck Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications: Part A. Elsevier. ISSN 9780443470523. p. 175–191. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Singh, Rabindra; Chaulagain, Rajib; Søland, Tine Merete & Hasséus, Bengt [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Recurrence in Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research. ISSN 0022-0345. doi: 10.1177/00220345241266519. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiphakphongpakorn, Patcharanun; Juengsomjit, Rachai; Poomsawat, Sopee; Meesakul, Ounruean; Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash & Klongnoi, Boworn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Expression of CLLD7 and CHC1L Proteins in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in a Group of Thai Patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. ISSN 1513-7368. 25(4), p. 1257–1264. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.4.1257. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: Previous study showed aberrant CLLD7 and CHC1L protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to normal oral mucosa (NOM). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of these proteins in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Materials and Methods: Forty specimens of OED and 11 NOM were used. The expression of CLLD7 and CHC1L was determined by immunohistochemistry. In each case, at least 1000 cells were counted. Presence of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and/or membrane staining of CLLD7 and CHC1L were considered positive. Percentages of total positive cells and positive cells at different locations were recorded. SPSS version 18 was used to compare variation between groups with statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: No significant differences in the percentages of total positive cells of CLLD7 and CHC1L were found between NOM and all grades of OED. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in subcellular staining of these two proteins. In CLLD7, the nuclear staining of the moderate and the severe OED groups was significantly lower than that of the NOM group (p<0.05). The percentages of membrane staining of CHC1L in moderate and severe OED were significantly higher than that of NOM (p<0.001). In addition, the nuclear staining of CHC1L in each grade of OED was significantly lower than that of NOM (p<0.05). Conclusion: The subcellular mislocalization of CLLD7 and CHC1L in OED suggests that the expression of these potential tumor suppressor proteins might be dysregulated during the dysplastic process. The distinct membrane staining of CHC1L observed in OED but not in NOM is a useful characteristic that can be used to separate OED from NOM. Thus, CHC1L may be a good marker to assist in the diagnosis of OED.

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• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Singh, Rabindra; Chaulagain, Rajib; Søland, Tine Merete & Hasséus, Bengt [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Kombinasjon av lasereksisjon og fordamping kan redusere forekomsten av residiv ved oral leukoplaki. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. doi: 10.56373/6836e846c55bc. Full text in Research Archive
• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Søland, Tine Merete; Schreurs, Olaf Joseph Franciscus; Hasséus, Bengt & Sapkota, Dipak (2024). Expression of Cell Cycle Regulating Proteins in Oral Leukoplakia. Full text in Research Archive
• Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Singh, Rabindra; Chaulagain, Rajib; Søland, Tine Merete & Hasséus, Bengt [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Can we predict the recurrence of oral leukoplakia? Full text in Research Archive

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