Pål Barkvoll

• Arroyo-Bote, Sebastiana; Bennasar-Verger, Catalina; Martínez-Jover, Andrés; Ferragut-Pina, Pablo; Riutot-Sbert, Pere & Lopez-Gonzalez, Angel Arturo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Development of a three-dimensional printed model from a digital impression of a real patient for aesthetic dentistry undergraduate teaching. Journal of Dental Education. ISSN 0022-0337. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13552. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction The acquisition of skills and manual dexterity in aesthetic dentistry in undergraduate teaching requires preclinical practices with simulation that should approximate real clinical situations. Objective We will present a digital procedure for the creation of three-dimensional (3D) resin models adapted to the practices of the Aesthetic Dentistry course. Material and method Stereolithography or Standard Tesellation Language (STL) files of a real patient were previously obtained with a 3-shape intraoral scanner. Using the Exocad computer programme for dental prosthesis design, various modifications were made, such as incisor rotation, surface alterations imitating dysplasias or erosions, the creation of diastemas, or even changes in tooth size. The virtual model was printed in resin for use by students. Once the practices were finished, the students and the teachers evaluated the use of the 3D printed models. Results The result is the typodont model, in which seven laboratory sessions took place: 1-Restoration of conoid tooth morphology, 2-Cervical abrasion/ erosion restoration, 3-Direct Composite Veneer, 4-Aesthetic correction in a tooth with rotation, 5-Diastem closure, 6-Occlusal abrasions/ erosion, and 7-Maryland bridge. 90.48% of the students evaluated the designed 3D model as the best method for laboratory practice compared to other methods, obtaining a general assessment of 8.3 out of 10. Conclusion The method used has provided a reproducible standard analog model for direct aesthetic dental restoration practice, with a good assessment by students and teachers.

• Riutord-Sbert, Pere; Gil, Pilar Tomas; Pereira, Thais Christina; Szupiany-Janeczek, Teresa; Barkvoll, Pål & Lopez-Gonzalez, Angel Arturo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Application of the metaverse as a learning technique in the degree of dentistry. Medicina balear. ISSN 1579-5853. doi: 10.3306/AJHS.2023.38.02.43. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introducción: El metaverso es un entorno interactivo en 3D generado por un ordenador, en el que los seres humanos son representados por avatares que pueden interactuar entre sí y con el software del sistema. En referencia a los modelos y características del metaverso, podemos entenderlo como la convergencia de una realidad física virtualmente aumentada en un espacio virtual físicamente persistente. La utilidad del metaverso está ligada principalmente a los usuarios nativos digitales. Hipótesis: El conocimiento del metaverso como herramienta de enseñanza, proporcionará un mayor nivel de rotación mental de la inteligencia espacial de los estudiantes de Odontología, evaluado mediante una Encuesta múltiple y el Test de Rotación Mental de Vandenberg. Objetivo: Establecer en qué medida el conocimiento del metaverso influye en el nivel del factor de rotación mental de la inteligencia espacial en los estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: A través de una Encuesta múltiple se obtendrá una información referente al conocimiento o uso previo que los estudiantes universitarios de Odontología tienen sobre la tecnología virtual 3D y en especial del metaverso, para seguidamente realizar el Test de Rotación Mental de Vandenberg para determinar su inteligencia espacial. Resultados: El 42% de los estudiantes encuestados dijo tener un alto nivel de conocimiento sobre el metaverso. Existe asociación entre el tipo de respuesta en el Test de Rotación Mental de Wandenberg y el curso del grado de Odontología. Discusión: La Escuela Universitaria ADEMA, tras una actividad inmersiva parcial mediante simuladores hápticos y holográficos, abre un futuro sin retorno hacia una inmersión total mediante el metaverso. El metaverso estimula a los estudiantes con problemas de aprendizaje y conocerlo tiene un efecto positivo en la inteligencia espacial. Debemos convertir al estudiante en el verdadero protagonista del proceso de aprendizaje a través del metaverso, un aprendizaje que ya no se “entrega” sino que se “crea”.

• Carrasco, Diego Gonzales; Riutord-Sbert, Pere; Rojas, Daniela Paz Vallejos; Norton, Daniel Alexander; Szupiany-Janeczek, Teresa & Perez, Jorge Domínguez [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Digitization with 3D haptic technology in dental training. Digitalización con tecnología háptica 3D en la formación dental. Medicina balear. ISSN 1579-5853. 37(3), p. 142–146. doi: 10.3306/AJHS.2022.37.03.142. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: 3D haptic technology stands out in the field of dentistry as a tool that allows preclinical practice, which is very close to reality. The objective of this study is to collect the assessments of teachers, students, and other groups related to dentistry, on the use of this technology in the teaching-learning process. Methodology: Exploratory, non-probabilistic study. A survey and interviews are given to 865 subjects from different fields of dentistry to collect assessments on the use of 3D haptic technology in teaching. Results: The evaluation of different interest groups related to the teaching of the Dentistry degree, both in the interviews and in the surveys carried out, show a high degree of user satisfaction and the conviction that this tool can help in the learning of dentistry professionals.

• Riutord-Sbert, Pere; Pereira, Thais Christina; Pedro-Gomez, Joan Ernest de; Gonzales-Carrasco, Diego; Lopez-Gonzalez, Angel Arturo & Barkvoll, Pål (2021). Study of the use of a personalized peripheral sealing device on surgical face masks in high-risk situations against COVID-19. PLOS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253382. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A significant number of health care professionals subjected to high-risk situations have been infected by Covid-19 due to the lack of adequate protection equipment or the deficient safety margins that these present. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a personal peripheral sealing device (PSD) on surgical face masks (SM) allows them to achieve double mask properties, by providing two-way protection to professionals or users. The proposed device is a thermoplastic resin ring composed of a reusable and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) designed to be used in a healthcare setting. Since it is a thermoplastic device, it can be molded and adapted to each individual, becoming personalized and ensuring a correct adjustment to the user’s face. First, a qualitative fit test was performed using a saccharin solution (SS) to evaluate respiratory protective equipment in recruited professionals exposed to high-risk situations of infection by Covid-19. Individuals were divided into an intervention group, who used SM with the PSD, and a control group, who used SM without the PSD. In addition, a quantitative inward air leakage fit test was performed using a 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol in a sealed cabinet with probes sensitive to this substance, in order to validate the SM with the PSD as a Face Filtering Mask (FFP). Only 5% of the individuals who performed the qualitative fit test with the PSD perceived the sweet taste of the SS, while 100% of the individuals who performed the test without the PSD sensed it (p = 0.0001). In the quantitative fit test, the percentage of air leakage of 2% NaCl aerosol into the SM with the PSD was 6.5%, achieving the same range of air leakage as a FFP mask. Thus, the use of a personalized PLA thermoplastic PSD, together with an inexpensive and widely available SM, could have a significant impact in terms of preventive safety by providing bi-directional protection to its user.

• Øyri, Hauk Furnes; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Barkvoll, Pål; Jonsdottir, Olga Hrønn; Reseland, Janne Elin & Bjørnland, Tore (2020). Incidence of alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery. Can inflammatory cytokines be identified locally? Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 79(3), p. 205–211. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1817546. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relative incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) after mandibular third molar surgery, post-operative findings and local expression of bone markers and cytokines. Study design In 445 patients, unilateral surgical third molars extractions were undertaken (584 teeth). Bone markers and cytokines were explored at the AO side and on the un-operated contralateral side and compared with the levels in samples from a control group of 18 persons without AO. Results The relative incidence of AO was 4.6%. Patients (n = 27) with AO were invited to participate in the study and 21 (77.8%) did so. Patients with AO had 1–4 extra visits for treatment of AO, the mean follow-up time was 2.6 days for all patients. There were significantly higher levels of bone markers and cytokines in the AO site compared with the un-operated contralateral site, except for Epidermal growth factor (EGF). No significant difference in expression of bone markers and cytokines between the AO and control groups was found. Lower maximum inter-incisor opening (MIO) was correlated with increased Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. A negative correlation between patients’ complaint of trismus and MIO was seen. Conclusions The relative incidence of AO was low in our patient group treated with surgical removal of third molars. AO was more frequently seen in female patients. Treatment of AO required up to four extra visits. The study provides some information on the role of cytokines in AO; but further studies are required.

• Øyri, Hauk; Bjørnland, Tore; Barkvoll, Pål & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2015). Mandibular third molar surgery in 396 patients at a Norwegian university clinic: Morbidity recorded after 1 week utilizing an e-infrastructure for clinical research. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 74(2), p. 148–154. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1092051. Full text in Research Archive
• Rimkuviene, Jurate; Kvaal, Sigrid; Koppang, Hanna Strømme & Barkvoll, Pål (2005). Histopathological characteristics of oral mucosa due to lichenoid reaction from amalgam, compared to oral lichen planus, Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions. Histopatological studies. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Weng, D; Jacobson, Z; Tarnow, D; Hurzeler, MB; Fæhn, Ove & Sanavi, F [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2003). A prospective multicenter clinical trial of 3i machined-surface implants: results after 6 years follow up. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. ISSN 0882-2786. 18(3), p. 417–423. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Else Kristine; Barkvoll, Pål & Skovlund, Eva (1999). Combining diclofenac with acetaminophen or acetaminophen-codeine after oral surgery: ar randomized, double blind, single dose study. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0009-9236. 66, p. 625–635. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L & Barkvoll, Pål (1998). Clinical implications of the dry mouth: oral mucosal diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ISSN 0077-8923. 842, p. 156–162. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Else Kristine; Haanæs, Hans R & Barkvoll, Pål (1998). Upside assay sensitivity in a dental pain model. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 2, p. 179–186. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth; Barkvoll, Pål & Rølla, Gunnar (1997). Skin reactions and irritation potential of four commercial toothpastes. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 55, p. 133–136. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Rølla, Gunnar & Barkvoll, Pål (1997). The influence of triclosan, zinc or propylene glycol on oral mucosal exposed to sodium lauryl sulphate. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 105, p. 527–533. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth; Barkvoll, Pål & Rølla, Gunnar (1997). Does the nature of the solvent affect the anti-inflammatory capacity of triclosan? An experimental study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. ISSN 0303-6979. 24, p. 124–128. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Eide, Geir Oddvar; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1996). The effect of toothpaste containing triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation - a model study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. ISSN 0303-6979. 23, p. 1100–1103. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth; Skaare, Anne B; Barkvoll, Pål & Rølla, Gunnar (1996). Antiplaque - , antibacterial- and anti-inflammatory properties of triclosan mouthrinses in combination with zinc citrate or PVM-MA copolymer. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 104, p. 529–534. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1996). Oral mucosal desquamation of pre-and postmenopausal women A comparison of response to sodium lauryl sulfate. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. ISSN 0303-6979. 23, p. 567–571. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1996). The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 54, p. 150–153. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1996). Oral mucosal desquamation caused by two toothpaste detergents in an experimental model. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 104, p. 21–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1994). Sodium lauryl sulfate and recurrent aphthous ulcers A preliminary study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 52, p. 257–259. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad & Barkvoll, Pål (1993). Desquamative effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on oral mucosa A preliminary study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 51, p. 39–43. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål & Bye, Johanne (1989). Klorhexidin - tannhelsepersonellets legemiddel nummer en. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 99, p. 170–171. Full text in Research Archive
• Lagerlöf, Folke; Saxegaard, Erik; Barkvoll, Pål & Rølla, Gunnar (1988). Effects of inorganic orthophosphate and pyrophosphate on dissolution of calcium fluoride in water. Journal of Dental Research. ISSN 0022-0345. 67, p. 447–449. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål & Attramadal, Audun (1987). Recurrent herpes labialis in a military brass band. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. ISSN 0029-845X. 95, p. 256–258. Full text in Research Archive

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• Barkvoll, Pål (2019). Det odontologiske fakultet 1959-2019. Det odontologiske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo. ISBN 9788283270402. 165 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  En jubileumsbok for Det odontologiske fakultet 1959-2019. 60 års jubileum med masse bilder fra fakultetets daglige liv de siste 60 årene.

• Koppang, Hanna Strømme & Barkvoll, Pål (2005). Biopsi i odontologisk praksis. Munksgaard Forlag. 10 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Barkvoll, Pål (2026). Universitetene bygger siloene politikerne ønsker å rive. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/universitetene-bygger-siloene-politikerne-onsker-a-rive/1077022. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Vi må våge et oppgjør med revirtenkningen i akademia, skriver innleggsforfatteren

• Homayouni, Amin; Eliassen, Morten; Enoksen, Hanne & Barkvoll, Pål (2025). Erythema multiforme ved luftveisinfeksjon – en sjelden diagnose. doi: 10.56373/68dd1fdfb0087. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Erythema multiforme following a respiratory tract infection – a rare diagnosis A 13-year-old girl with a recent respiratory infection developed pronounced oral ulcerations and was diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM) minor. The infection was attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human bocavirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as indicated by IgG seropositivity. Clinically, no cutaneous involvement was observed. The condition was managed with topical corticosteroid therapy and nutritional support. The patient demonstrated marked clinical remission within four days. This case highlights the importance of considering EM as a potential cause of severe oral lesions in children following respiratory infections and illustrates that localized treatment can be both effective and sufficient in such presentations.

• O'Connell, Brian; Barkvol, Pål; Alajbeg, Ivan & Murphy, Denis (2025). The Association for Dental Education in Europe: 50 Years Enabling Collaborative Activity. European journal of dental education. ISSN 1396-5883. 29(4), p. 647–647. doi: 10.1111/eje.13096. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2025). Å prioritere denne aldersgruppen fremstår som symbolpolitikk. Hva med dem som virkelig trenger det? Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Å prioritere aldersgruppen mellom 19 og 28 år med et subsidiert tilbud fremstår mer som symbolpolitikk enn en målrettet innsats for å avhjelpe de største tannhelseutfordringene i Norge

• Herrera, David; Alonso, Mariano Sanz & Barkvoll, Pål (2024). Fit for the future: rethinking education in periodontology - European Federation of Periodontology. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  David Herrera, chair of the European Workshop Committee, Mariano Sanz, co-chair of the Perio Workshop 2023, and ADEE past president Pål Barkvoll explore the consensus outcomes of Perio Workshop 2023 on education in periodontology.

• Bankvall, Maria; Legert, Karin Garming; Hasséus, Bengt; Rautava, Jaana; Richter, Svend & Pedersen, Anne Marie Lynge [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Past and future perspectives of oral medicine in the Nordic countries as a reflection of the global community. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 134, p. 10–20. doi: 10.56373/2024-1-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Eaton, Kenneth A. & Barkvoll, Pål (2023). Dirty Mouths Kill ! The need for interprofessional education. 70. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103673. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Barkvoll, Pål & Cetrelli, Patrik (2021). Én innbygger – to journaler. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2021). S2E15: Hvor går odontologen Pål Barkvoll nå? Odontopodden Tannlegeforeningens podcast. [Internet]. Spotify. https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Kj2fVJHMCMId7IagB. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2021). På tide med tettere integrering mellom helseutdanningene. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Barkvoll, Pål & Bjørnland, Tore (2021). Extra- and intraoral examination. In Bjørnland, Tore (Eds.), Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762820128. p. 19–30. Full text in Research Archive
• Skoglund, Lasse Ansgar & Barkvoll, Pål (2019). Blåreseptordningen og tannlegen:Hvorfor holdes pasienter med odontologiske tilstander utenfor? 129(5), p. 472–473. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Bjørnland, Tore; Barkvoll, Pål & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2015). Simplified registration of surgical complications using a novel e-infrastructure. Full text in Research Archive
• Grytten, Jostein Ivar; Skau, Irene; Dobloug, Andreas & Barkvoll, Pål (2015). Fremtidig behov for tannleger: Trengs det 1500 flere om 20 år? 125, p. 384–388. Full text in Research Archive
• Grytten, Jostein Ivar; Aass, Anne Merete; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Brodin, Pål; Ellingsen, Jan Eirik & Barkvoll, Pål (2015). Kompetansesentrenes forsvarsskrift - en korreksjon til deres realitetsorientering. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 125(5), p. 459–462. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Bjørnland, Tore & Barkvoll, Pål (2014). Clinical research studies may be facilitated by University Health Network (UHN). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: In clinical research, primary registration of data in computer-based software reduces the workload for the clinician and facilitates exporting data for further analysis. Software available for this purpose should be user friendly and provide secure storage. University Health Network (UHN) is an interactive software launched by the University of Oslo and other European universities. UHN allows anonymized patient data to be shared across universities and enables creation of questionnaires to be used in clinical research (InReach). We report our initial experience with InReach in a prospective study of morbidity after mandibular third molar surgery in our department from September 2012-August 2013. Materials and Methods: Patients were seen one week postoperatively. Data were recorded using an InReach-based questionnaire. The study was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Service. Collected data were consolidated and exported for statistical analysis in SPSS. Results: A total of 527 surgeries were performed within the time frame, of which 397 were registered in InReach. This gave an inclusion of 75%. Even though most patients consented to participate in the study, many were not registered in InReach due to neglectance from the clinicians. Coincidentally, a retrospective study of nerve injuries after mandibular third molar surgery, performed within the same period, showed a possible tendency for lack of recording these complications in InReach. Four patients with nerve injuries had not been included in the InReach-based prospective study. Conclusions: UHN is in our experience easy to use and provides the researcher with instant access to the registered patient data. It facilitates data recording in the clinical setting and later consolidation of data and export to appropriate software for statistical analysis. Constant motivation of the clinicians examining the patients is important to secure patient inclusion and recording of clinical data. Unfortunately, computerized registration does not correct for human errors.

• Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork; Koppang, Hanna Strømme; Smith, Hans-Jørgen; Johannessen, Stein & Madsen, Martin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2006). Ameloblastoma of the mandible with malignant features(?)and oral mucosa involvement: A case report of a very rare tumor. Full text in Research Archive
• Ellingsen, Jan Eirik; Barkvoll, Pål & Olsen, Ingar (2004). Odontologi får skryt. [Journal]. Uniforum. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2004). Skivebom om krybbedød - 26.01.2004. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Tilsetningsstoffer i tannkrem (eks. tricloan, natriumlaurylsulfat) - en nødvendighet?? Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Oralkirurgi allmennparksis. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Oralkirurgi og oralmedisin for allmennpraktikeren. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Forstatt bruk av Triclosan i Colagte Total. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Avslørt av egne tenner. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2003). Bruk av Triclosan. [TV]. TV2. Full text in Research Archive
• Rimkuviene, Jurate; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Koppang, Hanna Strømme & Barkvoll, Pål (2002). Histopathological characteristics of gingival lichen planus or lichenoid reaction. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, T.; Holager, T. & Barkvoll, Pål (2001). Bruk av Xylocain-Adrenalin ved tannbehandling av diabetikere. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 111(15), p. 187–187. Full text in Research Archive
• Rimkuviene, Jurate; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Koppang, Hanna Strømme & Barkvoll, Pål (2001). Histopathological characteristics of lichenoid oral mucosal reaction due to amalgam compared to oral lichen planus. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Warloe, Trond & Barkvoll, Pål (2001). Photodynamic treatment of oral lichen planus. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  PDT is an oxygen dependent destruction of tissue after photosensitization and irradiation with light. The objective of the treatment was to reduce or alliviate the symtomes of oral lichen planus with Metvix- PDT. Six patients have been treated. Five patients show marked improvement but one patient show no improvement. Plans are being made for futher treatment with Metvix

• Rimkuviene, Jurate; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Koppang, Hanna Strømme & Barkvoll, Pål (2001). Histopathological characteristics of lichenoid oral mucosal reaction due to amalgam, compared to oral lichen planus. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background: A relationship between oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) of oral mucosa due to amalgam restorations is a widely discussed topic, and there is still no certain method for diagnosis of OLR due to amalgam fillings. An allergy test to mercuric salts is insufficient for differential diagnosis of oral lesions. Objectives: To characterise histologically the lesions clinically diagnosed as OLP (idiopathic) and as OLR, where dental restorative amalgam filling has been identified as a causative factor. Material and methods: An estimate was made from biopsy specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosine (H&E) and clinical records from 14 patients with the histological and clinical diagnosis of OLP or OLR admitted to the Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, in the period 1990-1997. The histological diagnosis had been made by an experienced pathologist. In the present study, the specimens were blindly investigated by one person. The following criteria were recorded from histological examination: all characteristic histological findings of OLP/OLR (according to the World Health Organization), and, in addition, the composition and mean number of inflammatory cells (IC) in the infiltrate. According to clinical records, patients were divided into three groups: patients with OLP (5 cases); patients with OLR and replaced amalgam fillings, without improvement (5 cases); patients with OLR and replaced amalgam fillings with improvement (4 cases). Improvement of the mucosa was diagnosed clinically. Histological findings were compared across the three mentioned groups. Results: Only keratosis of the epithelium showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.019, Chi-squared statistics) between the three groups. In the improvement group, 75% of all cases (3 out of 4) showed both parakeratosis and orthokeratosis in a histological section, while 80% in the group without improvement showed orthokeratosis. Other histological results revealed no statistically significant differences. The difference in mean numbers of IC was not significant (p=0.657, one- way ANOVA statistics). Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that histopathological examination is not an appropriate method for differential diagnosis of OLR due to amalgam, as only keratosis of the epithelium demonstrates the difference between the groups. Either insufficient sensitivity of the light microscopy to H&E stained histological sections or the small number of patients in the groups might explain the results. Further investigation is suggested using larger groups.

• Barkvoll, Pål (2000). Oral mucosal diseases - systematic treatment. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (2000). Norsk sjølgodhet, virkeligheten og EU. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Odontologi på Internet. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Munnhulesykdommer - aktuelt fra et militært ståsted. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Munnhulesykdommer. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Medisinske risikopasienter og odontologisk håndtering av dem. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Else Kristine; Barkvoll, Pål & Skovlund, Eva (1999). Diclofenac combined with paracetamol +/- codeine after oral surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Oral medisin - Tannlegeforeningens systematiske etterutdanning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Systematisk etterutdanning av tannleger - prøveprosjekt. Gikk over hele 1999 med deltagelse 3 dager på hvert sted. I tillegg veiledning via Internet

• Breivik, Else Kristine; Barkvoll, Pål & Skovlund, Eva (1999). Diclofenac combined with paracetamol +/- codeine after oral surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Helsetilsynets nye veileder for forebyggende tannhelsearbeid ¿ et ubrukelig verktøy? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 109(11). Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1998). Nyere aspekter ved aftøs stomatitt. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1998). Oral acyclovir in first 72 hours may reduce pain of post herpetic neuraligia. Commentary by Professor Pål Barkvoll. Evidence-Based Dentistry. ISSN 1462-0049. 1(1), p. 16–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Barkvoll, Pål & Rølla, Gunnar (1997). Effect of triclosan and cofactors on oral mucosal health. Full text in Research Archive
• Skaare, Anne B; Kjærheim, Vibeke Elisabeth; Rølla, Gunnar & Barkvoll, Pål (1996). Skin reactions to four commercial toothpastes. Full text in Research Archive
• Brosstad, Frank Roger; Laake, Knut & Barkvoll, Pål (1999). Propedeutisk kurs i klinisk undersøkelsesmetodikk og journalskriving for OD-stud. Unipub forlag. Full text in Research Archive
• Barkvoll, Pål (1991). Actions and interactions of sodium lauryl sulfate and chlorhexidine in the oral cavity. ISSN 9788299235006. Full text in Research Archive

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