Tore Bjørnland

• Færøvig, Maria Lucete Martinho; Bjørnland, Tore; Magnusson, Anders; Lindsten, Rune; Pandis, Nikolaos & Bjerklin, Krister [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Closed vs open surgical exposure of palatally displaced canines: Patients’ perceptions of recovery, operating time, and complications—A 2-center randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. ISSN 0889-5406. 167(4), p. 382–398. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.11.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Kise, Yoshitaka; Møystad, Anne; Kuwada, Chaki; Ariji, Eiichiro & Bjørnland, Tore (2024). Does ultrasound elastography have a role as a diagnostic method for Sjögren’s syndrome in the salivary glands? A systematic review. Oral Radiology. ISSN 0911-6028. p. 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s11282-024-00740-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Hol, Caroline; Mork-Knutsen, Peer Olaf; Larheim, Tore Arne; Bjørnland, Tore & Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline (2024). Temporomandibular Joint Discectomy in Patients With Disc Displacement: Assessment of Osteoarthritis at 10- and 30-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. doi: 10.1111/joor.13854. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Few ≥ 10-year follow-up studies of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discectomy without replacement in patients with disc displacement (DD) analyse the relationship between the surgery and osteoarthritis (OA) exist. Objectives To radiologically evaluate bony joint changes and OA development 10 and 30 years after TMJ discectomy as well as 30-year clinical outcome. Methods Twenty-two discectomy patients at the University of Oslo, Norway, with records confirming initial TMJ diagnosis and attendance of 10-year radiological follow-up were evaluated and eligible for 30-year follow-up. Primary variables: discectomy and CT-/CBCT-diagnosed OA at follow-ups. Secondary variables: perioperative TMJ diagnoses and remodelling at follow-up. Unoperated TMJs (Unop-TMJs) in unilaterally operated patients were controls. Statistical association and correlation analyses were performed for the 10-year follow-up (significance level p < 0.05). Results Twenty-two patients attended the 10-year follow-up (mean follow-up 11 years) with 27 operated TMJs (Op-TMJs) and 17 Unop-TMJs. OA perioperatively was associated with DD without reduction (p = 0.001) and additional disc abnormalities (p = 0.016). Although statistically non-significant, the number of TMJs with OA had increased at 10-year follow-up (p = 0.114, Op-TMJs: 14 to 20 joints; Unop-TMJs: 2 to 5 joints). Remodelling was correlated with discectomy (p = 0.003) and to OA (p = 0.006). Nine patients attended the 30-year follow-up (mean follow-up 32 years, 11 Op-TMJs). All TMJs with OA at 30-year follow-up had OA at 10-year follow-up. Mean maximal interincisal opening was 39 mm. No DC-TMD-diagnosed arthralgia was found. Conclusion Osteoarthritis developed similarly between Op- and Unop-TMJs. Only remodelling, not OA, was correlated to the surgery. The clinical results were still favourable at final follow-up.

• Ulmner, Mattias; Bjørnland, Tore; Rosén, Annika; Berge, Trond Inge; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Lund, Bodil (2024). Evidence for minimally invasive treatment—A systematic review on surgical management of disc displacement. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. doi: 10.1111/joor.13661. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement (DD) has been established in different forms since over a century. Ther is a consensus to perform minimal invasive interventions as first-line surgical treatment since there are no evidence on best surgical practice yet. Objective The aim was to perform a complex systematic review (SR) on the topic—is there evidence for surgical treatment of TMJ DD? Methods The PICO was defined as DD patients (population), treated with different surgical interventions including arthrocentesis (intervention), compared with other or no treatment (control) regarding the outcome variables mandibular function, mouth opening capacity, TMJ pain, etcetera (outcome). For identification of prospective controlled trials and SRs, a search strategy was developed for application in three databases. Results The search yielded 4931 studies of which 56 fulfilled the stipulated PICO. Studies with low or moderate risk of bias were possible to include in meta-analyses. There were evidence suggesting arthrocentesis being more effective compared to conservative management (maximum interincisal opening (MIO): p < .0001, I2 = 22%; TMJ pain: p = .0003, I2 = 84%) and arthrocentesis being slightly more effective than arthrocentesis with an adjunctive hyaluronic acid injection (MIO: p = .04, I2 = 0%; TMJ pain: p = .28, I2 = 0%). Other treatment comparisons showed nonsignificant differences. The performed meta-analyses only included 2–4 studies each, which might indicate a low grade of evidence. Conclusion Although arthrocentesis performed better than conservative management the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and non-invasive management considered as primary measure. Still, several knowledge gaps concerning surgical methods of choice remains.

• Bjørnland, Tore & Mork-Knutsen, Peer Olaf (2023). Surgical Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Derangement: 30-Year Follow-Up of Temporomandibular Joint Discectomy, a Case Report and Literature Review. Dental Clinics of North America. ISSN 0011-8532. 67(1), p. 13–25. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.07.002. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahl, Anne Fykerud; Bergem, Anne Kristine; Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2023). Temporomandibular pain and quality of life assessment in adolescents in a Norwegian cohort. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. doi: 10.1002/cre2.733. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective The objective was to examine the prevalence of pain from the face and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and oral function in adolescents and contribute to more focus on this patient group. Methods A total of 957 adolescents were included in this study, in age cohorts 18, 16, and 14, scheduled for a dental recall examination. Clinical data were collected as a part of the routine clinical examination. All participants also answered a survey. Results Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. A significantly higher prevalence was found for females for all pain sites, and facial pain was significantly higher among the oldest. A reduced maximal incisal opening was significantly associated with higher reported facial/jaw pain, with increased mouth opening pain and chewing pain. Fifty-seven percent of the participants reported the use of nonprescription painkillers, highest among females, and in the oldest age cohort, mainly caused by nonfeverish headaches. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain, headache, pain intensity, and duration, pain upon oral function, and oral movement, as well as the use of nonprescriptive drugs. Females in the older age group, experience less quality of life in general, as they felt more worried, anxious, lonely, and sad, compared to males. Conclusion Facial- and TMJ pain was higher in females, and higher with increasing age. Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain.

• Lein, Ingvild Årøen; Bjørnland, Tore & Loro, Lado Lako (2022). Retrospective Study of Orbital and Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Factures Treated at Aalesund Hospital Between 2002 and 2017. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. ISSN 1943-3875. 16(4), p. 292–300. doi: 10.1177/19433875221135932. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Study Design Retrospective study. Objective To evaluate patient demographics, surgical management, and complications of orbital and orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) fractures treated at a district hospital in Norway. Methods The medical records of patients with orbital fractures treated at Aalesund hospital between January 2002 and July 2017 were reviewed. Data on demographics, signs and symptoms, cause of injury, fracture type, associated fractures, surgical management, and complications were collected. Results A total of 36 patients were reviewed. Males predominated (1:4.1), and fractures occurred mostly in patients 40–59 years (mean 41.8 years). Interpersonal violence was the leading cause of injury, followed by falls. Alcohol was significantly associated with assault caused fractures (P = .001). Orbitozygomaticomaxillary fractures were the most frequent, followed by pure orbital fractures. Clinical findings included periorbital ecchymosis (72%), swelling (56%), sensory nerve dysfunction (53%), diplopia (22%), and restricted eye motility (22%). Commotio cerebri was observed in more than half of our sample and 47% had other facial bone fractures. Referral to tertiary hospitals was done in 19% of the cases. The main treatment done was open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (45%). Infection was diagnosed in 17% and managed with antibiotics. Conclusions The incidence of orbital and OZMC fractures in Moere and Romsdal county in western Norway was low, occurring mainly in males over 40 years. The mechanism of injury was predominantly interpersonal violence and falls. A high proportion of the sample had minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

• Kise, Yoshitaka; Møystad, Anne; Bjørnland, Tore; Shimizu, Mayumi; Ariji, Yoshiko & Kuwada, Chiaki [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Effects of 1 year training on the performance of ultrasonographic image interpretation: A preliminary evaluation using images of Sjogren syndrome patients. Imaging Science in Dentistry. ISSN 2233-7822. doi: 10.5624/isd.20200294. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose This study investigated the effects of 1 year of training on imaging diagnosis, using static ultrasonography (US) salivary gland images of Sjögren syndrome patients. Materials and Methods This study involved 3 inexperienced radiologists with different levels of experience, who received training 1 or 2 days a week under the supervision of experienced radiologists. The training program included collecting patient histories and performing physical and imaging examinations for various maxillofacial diseases. The 3 radiologists (observers A, B, and C) evaluated 400 static US images of salivary glands twice at a 1-year interval. To compare their performance, 2 experienced radiologists evaluated the same images. Diagnostic performance was compared between the 2 evaluations using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Observer A, who was participating in the training program for the second year, exhibited no significant difference in AUC between the first and second evaluations, with results consistently comparable to those of experienced radiologists. After 1 year of training, observer B showed significantly higher AUCs than before training. The diagnostic performance of observer B reached the level of experienced radiologists for parotid gland assessment, but differed for submandibular gland assessment. For observer C, who did not complete the training, there was no significant difference in the AUC between the first and second evaluations, both of which showed significant differences from those of the experienced radiologists. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that the training program effectively helped inexperienced radiologists reach the level of experienced radiologists for US examinations.

• Loro, Lado Lako & Bjørnland, Tore (2020). Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: a case report with bilateral involvement of the temporomandibular joints and concurrence of psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Case Reports. 8(4), p. 640–643. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.2715. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate deposition (CPDD) disease very rarely affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It may resemble synovial chondromatosis, chondrosarcoma, chondroblastoma, or a parotid tumor. Clinical examination, CT, and MRI are important in making the correct diagnosis. Surgical removal of CPDD is necessary with or without excision of the TMJ.

• Giltvedt, KM; Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2020). Hvordan håndtere pasienter med økt blødningsrisiko. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 130, p. 318–324. Full text in Research Archive
• Lund, Bodil Kristina; Ulmner, Mattias; Bjørnland, Tore; Berge, Trond Inge; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Rosén, Annika (2020). A disease-focused view on the temporomandibular joint using a Delphi-guided process. Journal of Oral Science. ISSN 1343-4934. 62(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0128. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk Furnes; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Barkvoll, Pål; Jonsdottir, Olga Hrønn; Reseland, Janne Elin & Bjørnland, Tore (2020). Incidence of alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery. Can inflammatory cytokines be identified locally? Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 79(3), p. 205–211. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1817546. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relative incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) after mandibular third molar surgery, post-operative findings and local expression of bone markers and cytokines. Study design In 445 patients, unilateral surgical third molars extractions were undertaken (584 teeth). Bone markers and cytokines were explored at the AO side and on the un-operated contralateral side and compared with the levels in samples from a control group of 18 persons without AO. Results The relative incidence of AO was 4.6%. Patients (n = 27) with AO were invited to participate in the study and 21 (77.8%) did so. Patients with AO had 1–4 extra visits for treatment of AO, the mean follow-up time was 2.6 days for all patients. There were significantly higher levels of bone markers and cytokines in the AO site compared with the un-operated contralateral site, except for Epidermal growth factor (EGF). No significant difference in expression of bone markers and cytokines between the AO and control groups was found. Lower maximum inter-incisor opening (MIO) was correlated with increased Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. A negative correlation between patients’ complaint of trismus and MIO was seen. Conclusions The relative incidence of AO was low in our patient group treated with surgical removal of third molars. AO was more frequently seen in female patients. Treatment of AO required up to four extra visits. The study provides some information on the role of cytokines in AO; but further studies are required.

• Bergstrand, Sara; Ingstad, Hanne Kleven; Møystad, Anne & Bjørnland, Tore (2019). Long-term effectiveness of arthrocentesis with and without hyaluronic acid injection for treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Journal of Oral Science. ISSN 1343-4934. 61(1), p. 82–88. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0423. Full text in Research Archive
• Myint, Maung; Støvne, Sven Asbjørn; Sæves, Rønnaug Ingun; Bjørnland, Tore & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2019). Dental implants in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a 6-year follow-up study. Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. p. 1–6. doi: 10.1111/ors.12416. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim The aim of the present study was to follow‐up our previous prospective study that reported high implant survival in a group of Norwegian individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. Our hypothesis was that implant treatment in these persons has approximately the same long‐term survival rate as in healthy individuals. Study group The previous study included seven participants (20 implants), four of them (11 implants) took part in the present study and the other three had died. The participants were followed up for an average of 93 months, subsequent to prosthetic loading. The implants were clinically and radiographically examined. Objective and subjective evaluations were recorded using an analogue scale ranging from 0 as the worst to 10 as the best score. A mean of these evaluations is presented as the subjective and objective overall satisfaction. In the previous study, no implants were lost and 1 mm bone loss was recorded around two implants. One implant was removed after 76 months due to an implant neck fracture. At the present study, four implants showed 1 mm bone loss, two of which had the same level of bone loss in the previous study. Four millimetre bone loss was observed around two other implants. No bone loss was detected around the remaining four implants. Objective and subjective evaluation of implant treatment showed an overall high satisfaction of 9.1 and 9.9 respectively. Conclusion The findings showed an implant survival rate of 91% (100%, excluding the implant neck fracture) and high recipient satisfaction towards implant treatment.

• Eliassen, Morten; Hjortsjö, Carl; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Bjørnland, Tore (2019). Self-exercise programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of TMD-related myalgia – Evidence-based medicine? Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1111/joor.12856. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The low‐cost and reversible treatments concerning disorders of the masticatory muscles represent a vast array of regimens. Common treatments include information, stretching exercises, manual therapy, acrylic splints and cognitive behavioural therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence behind the use of self‐exercising programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of myofascial pain. Methods We conducted a thorough search of five databases, using four cardinal search terms in combination with twelve supporting terms. We also assessed the evidence quality, using GRADEpro software. Results The search resulted in 4967 individual studies. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were re‐evaluated. Conclusion The selected studies were in favour of a self‐care or an occlusal splint treatment of myalgia. However, a GRADE assessment showed that 14 of the 18 selected studies had low or very low evidence quality. Studies also showed weaknesses with regard to nomenclature and reproducibility. Hence, it is our professional opinion that the evidence level for prescribing self‐exercises and occlusal splints in the treatment of myalgia is low.

• Hallmer, Fredrik; Anderson, Gunilla; Gotrick, Bengt; Warfvinge, Gunnar; Anderud, Jonas & Bjørnland, Tore (2018). Prevalence, initiating factor, and treatment outcome of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw?a 4-year prospective study. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.08.015. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has a wide range of prevalence, and a standard therapy has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and initiating factors of MRONJ and the outcomes of surgical therapy. Study Design In a prospective cohort study, all patients diagnosed with MRONJ in the Region of Skåne, in Sweden, were included. Predictor variables (comorbidity, site, stage, gender) and initiating factors (tooth extraction, periodontitis) were recorded. Surgical treatment was sequestrectomy or block resection, and the outcome variable was healing after 2 months. To estimate the prevalence, data on the use of bisphosphonate and denosumab were used. Results Fifty-five patients with MRONJ were identified. The prevalence of MRONJ was 0.043% among patients treated with oral bisphosphonates, 1.03% among those on intravenous bisphosphonates and 3.64% in those on high-dose denosumab. Periodontal disease preceded development of MRONJ in 41 patients. Fifty patients were treated surgically and followed up for at least 2 months. Remission or healing occurred in 80% of patients treated with sequestrectomy and in 92.5% of patients treated with block resection. Conclusions The prevalence of MRONJ in Sweden is low. Periodontitis is the most common initiating factor. The outcome of treatment of MRONJ is healing in most patients treated surgically.

• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Bjørnland, Tore & Aas, Jørn Arne (2018). Is it possible to contaminate the temporomandibular joint by arthrocentesis? Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. 11(3), p. 183–188. doi: 10.1111/ors.12331. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Bacterial contamination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by needle penetration of the skin has previously been discussed as a contributing factor in joint arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in synovial fluid, and to detect any possible iatrogenic contamination during arthrocentesis of the TMJ in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Method: Synovial fluid (SF) and skin swab samples (before and after disinfection) were collected from 54 TMJs in 30 patients with TMJ arthritis. Bacterial detection and classification was performed using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Results: Bacterial DNA was detected in 31 joints (57%) in 19 patients (63%). In six 12 joints (20%) in six patients specific bacterial species were detected in both skin samples and in the TMJ, indicating a possible contamination. 22 different bacterial species were detected in synovial fluid from these six patients. Conclusion: Bacterial DNA in TMJ SF with contamination was detected in 20% of the patients. Studies are needed to evaluate the consequences of potential contamination with bacterial DNA in SF with regard to arthrocentesis and treatment of TMJ arthritis.

• Øyri, Hauk Furnes; Jonsdottir, Olga Hrønn; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen & Bjørnland, Tore (2018). The use of a tetracycline drain reduces alveolar osteitis: a randomized prospective trial of third molar surgery under local anaesthetics and without the use of systemic antibiotics. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. 128(3), p. 205–212. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.12.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Our aim was to investigate the effect of an oxytetracycline-impregnated gauze drain on the incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative pain during the first week after mandibular third molar surgery. Study Design Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing third molar surgery under local anesthesia were randomized into a drain group (n = 100), with an oxytetracycline-impregnated drain placed in the extraction socket, and a control group (n = 100). An experienced surgeon performed the surgery. Systemic antibiotics were not used. Results The incidence of AO was 23% in the control group and 5% in the drain group (P < .001). The risk of developing AO was approximately 6 times higher in the control group, and females had a 2.5 times higher risk compared with males. Patients in the control group had significantly more pain on the day of surgery and on days 4 to 7. The presence of AO was associated with continued use of analgesics (P < .001). No patients experienced postoperative infections or had complications requiring hospitalization. Conclusions The present study showed that an oxytetracycline-impregnated drain significantly reduced the incidence of AO after third molar surgery. The described treatment strategy, without the use of systemic antibiotics, seemed efficient in lowering overall postoperative morbidity and downtime after third molar surgery.

• Hallmer, Fredrik; Korduner, Michael; Møystad, Anne & Bjørnland, Tore (2018). Treatment of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the jaw with denosumab shows remarkable results – A report of 2 cases. Clinical Case Reports. 6(12), p. 2434–2437. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1894. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denosumab may play a central role in the treatment of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible. This report describes two patients who had been treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics and steroids for several years. After denosumab treatment, both patients became pain‐free and the radiological examination showed less severe osteomyelitis.

• Hallmer, Fredrik; Bjørnland, Tore; Anderson, Gunilla; Becktor, Jonas P; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin & Enersen, Morten (2017). Bacterial diversity in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. 123(4), p. 436–444. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.11.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2017). Revmatoid artritt i kjeveleddet – nytt om etiologi og behandling. Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. 42, p. 76–82. doi: 10.18261/issn.2058-7538-2016-01-07. Full text in Research Archive
• Forssell, Heli; Alstergren, Per; Bakke, Merete; Bjørnland, Tore & Jääskeäinen, Satu K (2016). Persistent facial pain conditions :. Tandlægebladet. ISSN 0039-9353. 126(1), p. 36–42. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Bjørnland, Tore; Reseland, Janne Elin & Aas, Jørn Arne (2016). Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: Bacterial diversity in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in comparison with immunological and clinical findings. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 45(3), p. 318–322. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.986. Full text in Research Archive
• Bach, Silje Jordahl; Nazari, Elaha; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen & Bjørnland, Tore (2016). Keratocystisk odontogen tumor. En retrospektiv kvalitativ undersøkelse av forekomst og residiv etter kirurgisk behandling. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 126(10), p. 772–778. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Bjørnland, Tore; Barkvoll, Pål & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2015). Mandibular third molar surgery in 396 patients at a Norwegian university clinic: Morbidity recorded after 1 week utilizing an e-infrastructure for clinical research. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 74(2), p. 148–154. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1092051. Full text in Research Archive
• Nørholt, Sven Erik; Bjørnland, Tore & Pedersen, Thomas Klit (2015). Jaw surgery for correction of dentofacial anomalies caused by JIA. Seminars in orthodontics. ISSN 1073-8746. 21(2), p. 140–147. doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2015.02.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Langlie, Lene W.; Moen, Silje AS; Bjørnland, Tore & Møystad, Anne (2015). Nerveskader etter kirurgisk fjerning av visdomstenner i underkjeven. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 125(4), p. 338–342. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Bjørnland, Tore & Reseland, Janne Elin (2015). Temporomandibular joint pain is negatively correlated to TNF alpha and osteoprotegrin content in synovial fluid in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome. doi: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000145. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement occurs in up to 80% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Little is known with regard to the complexity of the protein profile in synovial fluid (SF) from JIA arthritis during growth as compared to both JIA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of adults. Design: Synovial fluid was collected from 54 joints/30 patients with TMJ arthritis (JIA 35 joints/20 patients, JIA adults 9 joints/5 patients, RA 10 joints/5 patients). Three cytokines and seven bone markers were quantified using Luminex multiplex assays and compared to demographic and clinical data of function and pain. Results: Pain (spontaneous and upon palpation) and duration of pain were all negatively correlated with the TMJ SF content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The level of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was negatively correlated to TMJ pain upon palpation and post-treatment pain and function. The concentration of ACTH was significantly lower in SF in JIA (1.4 ± 2.8 pg/ml) compared to adults with JIA (4.7 ± 12.2 pg/ml) and significantly higher compared to adults with RA (0.8 ± 1.5 pg/ml). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was negatively correlated to spontaneous pain. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the local concentrations of TNF-α, ACTH and OPG in TMJ fluid may not contribute to TMJ pain and tissue destruction in JIA/RA patients. © 2014 Olsen-Bergem H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

• Møystad, Anne; Bjørnland, Tore; Friedland, Bernard & Donoff, R Bruce (2015). Ultrasonographic pilot study of mental foramen size, with and without postoperative neurosensory dysfunction. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. 120, p. 275–280. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2014). A cohort study of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: outcome of arthrocentesis with and without the use of steroids. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 43(8), p. 990–995. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.03.018. Full text in Research Archive
• Hallmer, Fredrik; Bjørnland, Tore; Nicklasson, Anders; Becktor, Jonas P & Anderson, Gunilla (2014). Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates: experience in Sweden. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. 118(2), p. 202–208. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.05.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Namaki, Shunsuke; Maekawa, N.; Iwata, J; Sawada, K; Namaki, M & Bjørnland, Tore [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Long-term evaluation of swallowing function before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 43(7), p. 856–861. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.03.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Tanem, Kristine Eidal; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen & Bjørnland, Tore (2014). Lukket fremføring av palatinalt retinerte hjørnetenner : en retrospektiv studie av pasientopplevelsen og behandlingsresultatet. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 124(3), p. 200–206. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjølle, Gry Karina & Bjørnland, Tore (2013). Low risk of neurosensory dysfunction after mandibular third molar surgery in patients less than 30 years of age. A prospective study following removal of 1220 mandibular third molars. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. ISSN 2212-4403. 116(4), p. 411–417. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.06.024. Full text in Research Archive
• Misje, Kjetil; Bjørnland, Tore; Saxegaard, Erik & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2013). Treatment Outcome of Dental Implants in the Esthetic Zone: A 12-to 15-Year Retrospective Study. International Journal of Prosthodontics. ISSN 0893-2174. 26(4), p. 365–369. doi: 10.11607/ijp.3097. Full text in Research Archive
• Khalid, Ali Muayad; Gran, Alexandra Elena & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Implantatoverlevelse ved Avdeling for oral kirurgi og oral medisin, Det odontologiske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo 2008-2010 :. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 121(14), p. 920–925. Full text in Research Archive
• Matsumoto, Kunihito; Bjørnland, Tore; Kai, Yukiko; Honda, Masahiko; Yonehara, Yoshiyuki & Honda, Kazuya (2011). An image-guided technique for puncture of the superior temporomandibular joint cavity: clinical comparison with the conventional puncture technique. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. ISSN 1079-2104. 111(5), p. 641–648. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.019. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Brox, Hans Thomas; Storhaug, Kari; Ambjørnsen, Eirik; Støvne, Sven Asbjørn & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Dental implants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and a review of the literature. Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. 4, p. 105–114. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-248X.2011.01124.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Ninkov, Peter; Svanæs, Dagfinn Beyer & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Anatomical changes of the mandibular canal, displaced root fragment and neurosensory deficit after removal of a mandibular third molar: report of a case. Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. 4, p. 140–144. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-248X.2011.2011.01123.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Møystad, Anne (2010). Kroniske sykdommer og tilstander i kjeveledd og muskulatur :. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 120(13), p. 896–902. Full text in Research Archive
• Loveless, Tyman P; Bjørnland, Tore; Dodson, Thomas B & Keith, David A (2010). Efficacy of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgical Treatment. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. ISSN 0278-2391. 68(6), p. 1276–1282. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.10.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Støre, Geir & Berstad, Johanna Elisabeth Rykke (2010). Peripheral osteoma of the mandible mimicking an ectopic condyle: a case report. Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-248X.2010.01060.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2009). Report from a research visit, fall 2009. Fulbright Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Noma, N; Shimizu, O; Shunichi, O; Ohki, H; Honda, Kazuya & Sawada, K [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Radionuclide scan imaging of Warthin's tumor and chronic inflammation in the submandibular glands of a patient with a history of heavy smoking. Oral Radiology. ISSN 0911-6028. 25(1), p. 60–66. doi: 10.1007/s11282-009-0009-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Hayashi, Katsuhiko; Karatsaidis, Andreas; Schreurs, Olav; Bjørnland, Tore; Sugisaki, Masashi & Schenck, Karl (2008). NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75(NTR) in the epithelium of oral lichen. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. ISSN 0904-2512. 37(4), p. 241–248. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00627.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Møystad, Anne; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork & Bjørnland, Tore (2008). Injection of sodium hyaluronate compared to a corticosteroid in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a CT evaluation. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. ISSN 1079-2104. 105, p. E53–E60. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.024. Full text in Research Archive
• Møystad, Anne; Bjørnland, Tore; Mork-Knutsen, Bjørn Bamse & Gjærum, Anne Aasen (2008). Injection of sodium hyaluronate compared with a corticosteroid in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: clinical effects and computed tomography evaluation of osseous changes. Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. 1(1), p. 88–95. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-248x.2008.00017.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Gjærum, Anne Aasen & Møystad, Anne (2007). Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: an evaluation of the effects and complications of corticosteroid injection compared with injection with sodium hyaluronate. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. 34, p. 583–589. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01759.x. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bjørnland, Tore (2021). Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISBN 9788762820128. 567 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2017). Temporomandibular joint disorders: Hypomobility. Fibrous ankylosis, bony ankylosis, coronoid process hyperplasia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119194798. 248 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Tingvoll, Dag Petter Nilsen; Øyri, Hauk Furnes & Bjørnland, Tore (2025). Rekonstruksjon av kjevekam i mandibula med titannett. Norsk tannlegeforening Tidende. 135, p. 212–219. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Redusert benvolum er en vanlig problemstilling ved vurdering av implantatbehandling. Rekonstruksjon av kjevekamsatrofi med 3D-fremstilt titanmesh (titannett) er en videreutvikling av tidligere benyttede teknikker for rekonstruksjon av kjevekam. En 52-årig kvinne ble henvist til Avd. for oral kirurgi og oral medisin, Institutt for Klinisk odontologi (IKO), UiO, med ønske om implantatbehandling posteriort i atrofisk mandibel. Det ble utført rekonstruksjon av kjevekammen med titannett og implantatinstallasjon. Behandlingsforløpet gikk over 14 måneder og total oppfølgingstid etter implantatinstallasjon er 12 måneder.

• Afnan, Shoresh; Kamboj, Jashan Singh; Riis, Ulf Harald & Bjørnland, Tore (2024). Spyttstein i munngulvet - en kasuistikk. Norsk tannlegeforening Tidende. 134, p. 216–219. doi: 10.56373/2024-3-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Hol, Caroline; Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline; Larheim, Tore Arne; Bjørnland, Tore & Mork-Knutsen, Peer Olaf (2022). Radiologically diagnosed temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 10 and 30 years after diskectomy. Full text in Research Archive
• Hol, Caroline; Mork-Knutsen, Peer Olaf; Larheim, Tore Arne; Bjørnland, Tore & Arvidsson, Linda Zamoline (2022). Temporomandibular joint diskectomy without disk replacement: Radiological 10- and 30-year follow-up. Clinical 30-year follow-up. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Barkvoll, Pål & Bjørnland, Tore (2021). Extra- and intraoral examination. In Bjørnland, Tore (Eds.), Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762820128. p. 19–30. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Møystad, Anne (2021). Temporomandibular joint disorders. In Bjørnland, Tore (Eds.), Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762820128. p. 471–492. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Bjørnland, Tore (2021). Hematological considerations. In Bjørnland, Tore (Eds.), Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762820128. p. 61–75. Full text in Research Archive
• Alsamaria, Toni Berg; Jalili, Sara & Bjørnland, Tore (2018). Oral implantatbehandling er en vellykket behandling med få komplikasjoner. Overlevelses- og suksessrate for implantater i perioden 2010-2013 ved Avdeling for oral kirurgi og oral medisin, Universitetet i Oslo. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 128(9), p. 648–691. Full text in Research Archive
• Alsamaria, Toni Berg; Jalili, Sara & Bjørnland, Tore (2018). Oral implantatbehandling er en vellykket behandling med få komplikasjoner : svar til Stein Atle Lie. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 128(11), p. 684–691. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Johnsen, Petter J; Kløv, Marte; Skøyen, Christoffer; Tingberg, Marianne & Bjørnland, Tore (2017). Autotransplantation of immature premolars using the Oslo-protocol. Outcome of 100 consecutive transplantations during a 3 years period. Full text in Research Archive
• Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Johnsen, Petter G; Kløv, Marthe; Tingberg, Marianne & Bjørnland, Tore (2016). Survival- and success rates of 100 consecutive autotransplanted incomplete developed premolars during a 3 years period at a single Norwegian university center. Full text in Research Archive
• Forsell, Heli; Alstergren, Per; Bakke, Merete; Bjørnland, Tore & Jääskeläinen, Satu K (2016). Pitkittyneet kasvojen aleen kiputilat. Suomen hammaslaakarilehti. ISSN 0355-4090. 23, p. 20–26. Full text in Research Archive
• Forssell, Heli; Alstergren, Per; Bakke, Merete; Bjørnland, Tore & Jääskeäinen, Satu K (2016). Persistant facial pain conditions. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 126, p. 36–42. Full text in Research Archive
• Forsell, Heli; Alstergren, Per; Bakke, Merete; Bjørnland, Tore & Jääskeläinen, Satu K (2016). Kroniska smärttilstånd i ansiktsregionen. Tandläkartidningen. ISSN 0039-6982. 42, p. 58–68. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Bjørnland, Tore; Barkvoll, Pål & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2015). Simplified registration of surgical complications using a novel e-infrastructure. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2015). Surgical and radiologic anatomy for oral implantology. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 125(5), p. 485–485. Full text in Research Archive
• Hallmer, Fredrik; Bjørnland, Tore; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Anderson, Gunilla & Enersen, Morten (2015). THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORAL MICROFLORA AND BISPHOSPHONATE OR DENOSUMAB INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS - abstract ICOMS 2015 - International Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Melbourne October 2015. ICOMS 2015 - International Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Hallmer, Fredrik; Bjørnland, Tore; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Anderson, Gunilla & Enersen, Morten (2015). The association between oral microflora and bisphosphonate or denosumab induced osteonecrosis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 44, p. e76–e76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.587. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2014). Oral Implantology Surgical Procedures: Checklist. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 124, p. 416–416. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Bjørnland, Tore & Barkvoll, Pål (2014). Clinical research studies may be facilitated by University Health Network (UHN). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: In clinical research, primary registration of data in computer-based software reduces the workload for the clinician and facilitates exporting data for further analysis. Software available for this purpose should be user friendly and provide secure storage. University Health Network (UHN) is an interactive software launched by the University of Oslo and other European universities. UHN allows anonymized patient data to be shared across universities and enables creation of questionnaires to be used in clinical research (InReach). We report our initial experience with InReach in a prospective study of morbidity after mandibular third molar surgery in our department from September 2012-August 2013. Materials and Methods: Patients were seen one week postoperatively. Data were recorded using an InReach-based questionnaire. The study was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Service. Collected data were consolidated and exported for statistical analysis in SPSS. Results: A total of 527 surgeries were performed within the time frame, of which 397 were registered in InReach. This gave an inclusion of 75%. Even though most patients consented to participate in the study, many were not registered in InReach due to neglectance from the clinicians. Coincidentally, a retrospective study of nerve injuries after mandibular third molar surgery, performed within the same period, showed a possible tendency for lack of recording these complications in InReach. Four patients with nerve injuries had not been included in the InReach-based prospective study. Conclusions: UHN is in our experience easy to use and provides the researcher with instant access to the registered patient data. It facilitates data recording in the clinical setting and later consolidation of data and export to appropriate software for statistical analysis. Constant motivation of the clinicians examining the patients is important to secure patient inclusion and recording of clinical data. Unfortunately, computerized registration does not correct for human errors.

• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2013). MAY ARTHROCENTESIS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS PROVE TO BE AS GOOD AS INTRAARTICULAR GLUCOCORTICOID INJECTIONS? Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Bjørnland, Tore & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen (2013). University Health Network (UHN): An innovative E-infrastructure tool facilitating clinical research. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2012). Verdt å vite om implantatbehandling. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Effect of arthrocentesis and local steroid injections in the temporormandibular join in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Bjørnland, Tore & Herlofson, Bente Brokstad (2011). Implantatkurs basic. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Is arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis as good as intraarticular glucocorticoid injections? Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Open TMJ Surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Hauk; Larheim, Tore Arne & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Central odontogenic fibroma of the mandible: a case report. Full text in Research Archive
• Brox, Hans Thomas; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Storhaug, Kari; Ambjørnsen, Eirik; Støvne, Sven & Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Dental implants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Vinje, Odd & Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Effect of arthrocentesis and local steroid injections in the temporomandibular joint in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Oralkirurgiens hverdag. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Knutsen, Bjørn Mork (2010). Oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Små doser, store snitt - oral kirurgi og røntgendiagnostikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2010). TSE modul 6 - Telemark. The best TSE ever! TTF-nytt. 30(4), p. 20–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Hvorfor, hvordan og når skal man foreta kirurgiske inngrep på pasienter med barneleddgikt? Full text in Research Archive
• Loveless, Tyman P; Bjørnland, Tore; Dodson, Thomas B & Keith, David A (2010). Efficacy of temporomandbular joint ankylosis surgical treatments. Full text in Research Archive
• Lekven, Njål; Leira, Jan Inge & Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis using abdominal dermis-fat graft. A case report. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2010). TSE Modul 6 Oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Oral kirurgi for tannhelseteamet. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2010). TMJ Surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2010). TMJ surgery. Full text in Research Archive
• Misje, Kjetil; Bjørnland, Tore & Haanæs, Hans R (2009). Sinuslift og augmentering med porøse titan granuler. Full text in Research Archive
• mork-knutsen, Bjørn Bamse; Møystad, Anne & Bjørnland, Tore (2009). Subchondral cysts in a group of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Full text in Research Archive
• Loveless, Tyman P; Bjørnland, Tore; Dodson, Thomas B & Keith, David A (2009). Efficacy of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgical Treatments. Full text in Research Archive
• Møystad, Anne; Bjørnland, Tore; mork-knutsen, Bjørn Bamse & Gjærum, Anne Aasen (2009). Injection of sodium hyaluronate compared with a corticosteroid in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: clinical effects and computed tomography evaluation of osseous changes. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Knutsen, Bjørn Mork (2008). TSE Modul 6 - oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Fullt hus i Rogaland. [Journal]. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore (2008). Managing orofacial pain in practice. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 118, p. 962–962. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Møystad, Anne (2008). Injisering av Synvisc i kjeveledd ved behandling av artrose. [Journal]. OrthoMedia. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore; Gjærum, Anne Aasen & Møystad, Anne (2008). Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: an evaluation of the effects and complications of corticosteroid injection compared with injection with sodium hyaluronate. Full text in Research Archive
• Møystad, Anne; Mork-Knutsen, Bjørn Bamse & Bjørnland, Tore (2007). Injection of sodium hyaluronate compared to corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular osteoarthritis: A CT evaluation. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Tore & Larheim, Tore Arne (2007). Diagnostic imaging and surgical management of TMJ disorders/diseases. Full text in Research Archive

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