Publications
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Jiang, Nan; Kinge, Jonas Minet; Skau, Irene & Grytten, Jostein Ivar
(2025).
COVID-19 and access to subsidized dental care according to household income. A register-based population study from Norway.
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.
ISSN 0001-6357.
84,
p. 600–606.
doi:
10.2340/aos.v84.44938.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to examine inequalities in access to subsidized dental care according to household income before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway.
Material and methods: Our data encompassed all individuals aged 20 years and above (n = 3,977,747). The data were analyzed using a linear probability model. The outcome variable was whether an individual had received subsidized dental care, and the main independent variable was net household income. Analyses were carried out with and without the following control variables: gender, age (fixed effects), level of education, immigrant background and place of residence (fixed effects for county). Inequalities were measured using concentration indices.
Results: The proportion of adults who received subsidized dental care was 3.10% before lockdown, 0.47% during lockdown and 2.15% after lockdown. The concentration indices were small. The unstandardized concentration indices (without control variables included) were: 0.04 before, 0.002 during and 0.04 after lockdown. The standardized concentration indices (with control variables included) were: 0.02 before, −0.007 during and 0.02 after lockdown. We carried out several supplementary analyses. They all supported our main findings.
Conclusion: The lockdown did not lead to inequalities in access to subsidized dental care in Norway according to income.
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Jiang, Nan; Kinge, Jonas Minet; Skau, Irene & Grytten, Jostein Ivar
(2023).
Reduserer subsidiert kjeveortopedisk behandling ulikheter i tilgang? Funn fra Norge basert på folkeregisterdata.
Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende.
ISSN 0029-2303.
133,
p. 906–906.
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Jiang, Nan; Kinge, Jonas Minet; Skau, Irene & Grytten, Jostein Ivar
(2023).
Does subsidized orthodontic treatment reduce inequalities in access? Evidence from Norway based on population register data.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.
ISSN 0301-5661.
doi:
10.1111/cdoe.12918.
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Abstract Objective An important part of Norwegian welfare policy is to provide subsidized orthodontic treatment for children and adolescents. The objective of this policy is that dental services should be allocated according to children's need for treatment, and not according to parents' ability to pay. The probability of receiving orthodontic treatment independent of parent's household income was examined. Methods The study population encompassed children and adolescents aged 10–18 years in 2019 ( n = 354 439). Information about whether they had started orthodontic treatment was obtained from the Norwegian Health Economics Administration. The key independent variable was net equalized household income. Inequalities were measured using concentration indices, which were estimated according to the severity of the malocclusion (very great need, great need, obvious need and no need). Two indices were used to measure relative inequality: the unstandardized concentration index and the partial concentration index. Absolute inequality was measured using the corrected concentration index. Relevant control variables were included in some of the analyses. Results The unstandardized indices were in the range 0.04 (very great need) to 0.05 (obvious need). For all three groups of severity, the 95% confidence intervals overlapped. The values of the partial indices were significantly lower than the values of the unstandardized indices. The partial indices were in the range 0.008 (very great need) to 0.03 (obvious need). The 95% confidence intervals for the partial indices did not overlap with the 95% confidence intervals of the unstandardized indices. For all three groups of severity, the indices that measured absolute inequality were close to zero. Conclusions It is possible to achieve the egalitarian aim of equality in service provision by subsidizing orthodontic treatment. This is possible within a system where the cost of orthodontic treatment is reimbursed according to the criteria of need. These criteria function in such a way that patients with the greatest need for orthodontic treatment are given the highest priority.
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Goa, Hui; Jiang, Nan; Niu, Qiannan; Mei, Shenglin; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Ma, Qianli
(2023).
Biocompatible nanostructured silver-incorporated implant surfaces show effective antibacterial, osteogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in rat model.
International Journal of Nanomedicine.
ISSN 1176-9114.
18,
p. 7359–7378.
doi:
10.2147/IJN.S435415.
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Introduction: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely utilized in endosseous implants. However, their clinical efficacy is marred by complications arising from bacterial infections owing to their inadequate antibacterial properties. Consequently, enhancing the antibacterial attributes of implant surfaces stands as a pivotal objective in the realm of implantable materials research. Methods: In this study, we employed sequential anodization and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology to fabricate a silver-embedded sparsely titania nanotube array (SNT) on the near-β titanium alloy Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb (TLM) implants. The surface characteristics, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the silver-nanomodified SNT implant (SNT Ag) surface, alongside peri-implant inflammatory responses, were meticulously assessed through a combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Results: Compared with polished TLM and SNT, the silver-embedded SNT (SNT Ag) surface retained the basic shape of nanotubes and stably released Ag+ at the ppm level for a long time, which demonstrated an effective inhibition and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) while maintaining ideal cytocompatibility. Additionally, the subtle modifications in nanotubular topography induced by silver implantation endowed SNT Ag with enhanced osteogenic activity and mitigated inflammatory capsulation in soft tissue peri-implants in a rat model. Conclusions: The incorporation of a silver-embedded SNT array onto the implant surface demonstrated robust antibacterial properties, impeccable cytocompatibility, exceptional osteogenic activity, and the potential to prevent inflammatory encapsulation around the implant site. The Silver-PIII modification strategy emerges as a highly promising approach for surface applications in endosseous implants and trans-gingival implant abutments.
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Jiang, Nan; Grytten, Jostein & Kinge, Jonas Minet
(2021).
Inequality in access to dental services in a market-based dental care system: A population study from Norway 1975–2018.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.
ISSN 0301-5661.
doi:
10.1111/cdoe.12709.
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Objective To examine income-related inequalities in access to dental services from 1975 to 2018. In Norway, dental care services for adults are privately financed. This may lead to income-related inequalities in access. In the early 1970s, that is, at the beginning of the study period, there were marked inequalities in access to dental services according to personal income. However, from the beginning of the 1970s, there has been a large increase in gross national income per capita in Norway as a result of the growth of the oil and gas industry. This increase in income also meant that people with a low income in 1975 had a rise in their level of income. According to the law of diminishing utility, an increase in income leads to higher consumption of dental services for people with a low level of income compared to people with a high level of income. The study hypothesis is that the inequalities in access to dental services that existed in 1975 became less over time. Methods Statistics Norway collected samples of cross-sectional health survey data for the following years: 1975, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2008, 2012 and 2018. For each sample, individuals 21 years and older were drawn randomly from the non-institutionalized adult population using a two-stage stratified cluster sample technique. Inequalities were measured using the concentration index. The dependent variable was the use of dental services during the last year, and the key independent variable was equivalized household income. Results The concentration index for inequalities in use of dental services according to income decreased from 0.10 (95% CI = 0.09, 0.11) in 1975 to 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.05) in 2018. The decrease was particularly large from 2002 to 2012. This was a period with a large growth in gross national income. Conclusion People with a low income had a marked increase in their purchasing power from 1975 to 2018. This coincided with an increase in demand for dental care for this low-income group.
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Ma, Qianli; Jiang, Nan; Shuang, Liang; Fulin, Chen; Liang, Fang & Xian, Wang
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(2020).
Functionalization of a clustered TiO2 nanotubular surface with platelet derived growth factor-BB covalent modification enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Biomaterials.
ISSN 0142-9612.
230,
p. 119650–119650.
doi:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119650.
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A multitude of micro- and nano-surface structures have been developed to improve the clinical performance of endosseous titanium (Ti) implants. However, most of these surface structures only simulate the topographic elements on a micro- or nano-scale. In this study, a nano-micro hierarchical TiO2 clustered nanotubular structure was fabricated using anodization, and then functionalized with platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) using PhoA (11-hydroxyundecylphosphonic acid)/CDI (carbonyldiimidazole) chemistry. The resulting 3-dimensional spatial biomimetic structure, named NTPCP, exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and satisfactory bio-activity for host cells, and significantly enhanced the attachment as well as osteogenesis-related functions (early-stage proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis and mineralization) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). We observed drastically elevated expression of osteocalcin (OCN), which mirrored prominent bone formation around the NTPCP implants in a rat model. This study establishes a novel strategy to improve the osseointegration of endosseous Ti implants via surface nano-topographic modification and bio-factor covalent functionalization.
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Jiang, Nan; Skau, Irene; Choi, Hye Jung & Grytten, Jostein Ivar
(2024).
Covid-19: access to subsidized dental care for adults in Norway.
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Jiang, Nan; Skau, Irene; Grytten, Jostein Ivar & Kinge, Jonas Minet
(2022).
Access to orthodontic treatment among children by household income in Norway.
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Jiang, Nan; Shahdafar, Aboulghassem & Sapkota, Dipak
(2019).
Engineering of a three dimensional biosynthetic construct equivalent to human corneal epithelium and stroma.
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Published
May 10, 2019 7:34 AM
- Last modified
May 10, 2019 7:34 AM
