Simen Kopperud

• Bleka, Øyvind; Khare, Parul; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Siddharth, M.; Rastogi, Pooja & Kopperud, Simen (2026). Comparing an Indian dataset with BioAlder using Demirjian’s staging of the third molar. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. 140, p. 3057–3066. doi: 10.1007/s00414-026-03828-8. Full text in Research Archive
• AbdelRazik, Heba E.; Dahl, Jon Einar & Kopperud, Simen E. (2026). Effect of carbonate apatite nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of an experimental dental adhesive. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry. 13, p. 80–80. doi: 10.2340/biid.v13.45433. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating silanized and non-silanized carbonate apatite nanoparticles (CA5n) on the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of a hydrophilic experimental adhesive. Materials and methods: A dental adhesive composed of 70% bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate, 28.75% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 0.25% camphorquinone, and 1% ethyl N, N-dimethyl-4-aminobenzoate was used. CA5n, synthesized with a CO₃/PO₄ molar ratio of 5, was used in both silanized and non-silanized forms at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 or 4% (wt). The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (n = 5) immediately, 5 minutes, and 60 minutes after curing. Water sorption and solubility were evaluated over 28 days (n = 6). The cytotoxicity of 24-hour and 7-day extracts (n = 6) was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in triplicate. DC data were statistically analyzed using a mixed model. Independent-samples t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were used, depending on data normality, to analyze water sorption, solubility, and cell viability results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The addition of CA5n significantly increased the DC over time, regardless of the concentration or silanization status. All CA5n groups exhibited high water sorption and acceptable water solubility, unaffected by concentration or silanization. Water sorption increased significantly with higher CA5n concentrations compared to the control, except in the 0.5% non-silanized (NS) group. Water solubility remained below 7.5 µg/mm³ (ISO 4049 requirement), with no significant differences among groups. Cell viability decreased significantly across all experimental groups compared to the negative control, with similar effects observed in both 24-hour and 7-day extracts. Conclusion: Adding CA5n to an experimental adhesive increased the DC and the water sorption. According to ISO 10993-5, the experimental adhesive, with and without CA5n, demonstrated low cytotoxicity potential.

• Floberg, Sandra Emilie; Shwan, Dalia Bakhtyar; Tran, Thuyen Michelle; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Dahl, Jon Einar & Kopperud, Simen E. (2025). Scanning electron microscope analysis of elements in amalgam restorations to determine when a deceased person may have lived. A method based on data from Scandinavia. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. 139(6), p. 3063–3069. doi: 10.1007/s00414-025-03561-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract When unidentified human remains are found, the aim must be to establish the identity of the individual. Being able to assess the time period when the deceased person has lived, might narrow down the search among missing persons. Dental amalgam alloys contain different elemental metals, and various alloy types have over time been introduced and abandoned at certain times, especially in Scandinavian countries. This study aimed to explore if a scanning electron microscope (SEM–EDS) can be used to determine the chemical composition of different dental amalgam restorations, with the focus to distinguish between copper amalgam and conventional silver amalgam. Six previously commonly used amalgams were selected, and five test samples were prepared from each of them. Each test sample was analysed with SEM–EDS at five separate sites, giving 25 readings for each amalgam brand. The SEM–EDS analyses identified noticeable differences in the composition of conventional silver amalgams compared to copper amalgams. The latter contained very low- or non-detectable amounts of silver and tin. The results showed that SEM–EDS could be a valuable accessory for identifying an unknown human remain.

• Breivik, Anne; Kopperud, Simen E.; Mulic, Aida Gacic; Stein, Linda; Yitayew, Teferi Mekonnen & Hadler-Olsen, Elin Synnøve [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Risk Indicators Associated with Root Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Adults: The Tromsø7 Study. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. p. 13–13. doi: 10.1159/000547745. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: This study aimed to investigate risk indicators associated with root caries in older adults aged 65 years and above in Norway. A secondary aim was to explore whether root caries was associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,075 participants aged ≥65 from the population-based Tromsø Study (Tromsø7) conducted in Northern Norway in 2015–2016. All inhabitants aged 40 years and older in Tromsø municipality (32,591) were invited, of whom 21,083 participated. The participants underwent clinical and radiographic examinations and answered extensive questionnaires. Root caries was registered on four surfaces per tooth and graded D_3-5. For analysis, prevalence of root caries was dichotomised into (1) no (if the participants had no root caries) and (2) yes (if root caries was registered on at least one surface). Characteristics of the study population were described with percentages and frequencies for the categorical variables and mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables for the whole cohort and stratified on presence of root caries and OHRQoL impact. The statistical significance of differences was assessed with the Pearson χ2 test and independent sample T test. Factors associated with root caries and OHRQoL were explored using logistic regression. The significance level was set to p < 0.05 for all analysis. Results: Men had higher odds of root caries than women (OR: 1.70, 95% CI [1.08, 2.70]) and those who were smokers had a higher odds of root caries than those who had never smoked (OR: 1.83, 95% CI [1.13, 2.94]). Participants with root caries had 1.67 times higher odds of having reduced OHRQoL than those without root caries (95% CI: 1.02, 2.72). Conclusion: This study found that being male and smoking were risk indicators of root caries. Additionally, root caries had a negative impact on OHRQoL. The results could be useful for oral health professionals to guide individual and targeted root caries preventive measures in older adults.

• Breivik, Anne; Kopperud, Simen E.; Khan, Qalbi; Mulic, Aida Gacic & Stein, Linda Maria (2025). Preventive measures and perceived challenges in delivering oral health care for elderly patients: a survey of dental hygienists in Norway. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 84, p. 1–9. doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.42581. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: This study aimed to gain knowledge of general oral health preventive measures with a specific focus on root caries preventive measures for patients ≥65 years old, performed by Norwegian dental hygienists in public and private dental health services. A secondary aim was to investigate differences and challenges in prevention practices. <p> <p>Materials and methods: An electronic survey was conducted among the sample in 2022. A total of 365 dental hygienists were included in the analyses. Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between private and public dental hygienists regarding preventive measures and perceived challenges. <p> <p>Results: The most frequently reported general oral health preventive measures were oral hygiene instruction, professional tooth cleaning and scaling. Oral hygiene instruction and application of fluoride varnish were the most performed root caries preventive measure, and reduced manual dexterity in patients was the most perceived challenge. Public dental hygienists perceived challenges to a greater extent than private dental hygienists, particularly related to reduced mobility and ergonomic difficulties in patients. <p> <p>Conclusion: This study confirms dental hygienists’ important role in oral health promotion and showed that Norwegian dental hygienists performed a wide range of preventive measures for patients ≥65 years old. However, a number of challenges were identified in the preventive work.

• Breivik, Anne; Mulic, Aida Gacic; Sehic, Amer; Valen, Håkon; Kopperud, Simen E. & Stein, Linda Maria [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Accumulation and removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and roosurfaces in vitro. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry. 11, p. 76–82. doi: 10.2340/biid.v11.41059. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces and assess the amount of biofilm removal using (1) experimental toothpaste and (2) water, in a closed system of flow chamber.<p> <p<Methods: Eight sound premolars were embedded in epoxy resin and polished with silicon carbide grinding papers to display enamel and root surfaces. To mimic biofilm, cultures of Streptococcus mutans were prepared and grown on the tooth surfaces over night before they were exposed to either 2 liters of Milli Q water or 2 liters of 40% experimental toothpaste in the flow chamber. The amount of biofilm was measured and quantified in Fluorescence microscopy. Mean fluorescence values were recorded and analysed using Microsoft® Excel® (MS Excel 2016). <p>Results: The ability to grow biofilm was equally present at both the enamel and root surfaces. The use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste showed a significant reduction of areas covered with biofilm on both enamel and root dentin in comparison to untreated surfaces (p < 0.01). Significantly more biofilm was removed from enamel compared to root surfaces when treated with either water and toothpaste (p < 0.01). Slightly less biofilm was removed by the use of water compared to toothpaste on both enamel and root dentin surfaces, although the differences were not statistically significant. <p>Conclusion: The results indicate that less biofilm is removed from the root surfaces than enamel by the use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste in flow chamber. Assessing oral biofilm accumulation and monitoring biofilm formation on enamel and root dentin surfaces give oral health professionals important directions that could strenghten the significance of dental caries prevention. Improving older individuals’ oral hygiene practices should therefore be considered an important measure to prevent root caries.

• Staxrud, Frode; Mulic, Aida Gacic & Kopperud, Simen E. (2024). Dentists' Treatment Decisions Concerning Restorations in Adult Patients in North Norway: A Cross-Sectional Tromsø 7 Study. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. doi: 10.1159/000541777. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the degree whereby dentists differentiate between repair versus replacement for failed restorations. A random selection of adult patients from North Norway was chosen from the larger Tromsø 7 study. <p> <p>Methods: A randomized sample of 3,653 persons (11.5% of the total number of individuals invited to the Tromsø 7 study, 51.5% women, aged 40–93 years) were included. Based on FDI’s clinical criteria for the evaluation of restorations – 2010, 17 calibrated dentists evaluated patients by clinical and radiographical pictures in a specially designed software developed for this purpose. The dental practitioners’ opinions gave rise to the reported treatment decisions. Descriptive statistics and multivariable multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models (STATA 17/SE) were performed. <p> <p>Results: The participants’ DMFT values ranged from 0 (0.9%) to 24 (8.8%) (median DMFT 21.3, mean 20.0). A total of 90.062 teeth (24.7 teeth per patient) were assessed. Re-treatment suggestions were made for 3,006 restorations, i.e., an average of 3.3% re-treatments. Of these, 25.3% (n = 814) were suggested for repair and 74.7% (n = 2,192) for replacement. Dental treatment was suggested for 1,597 patients and varying from 1 to 14 suggestions per patient. Secondary caries (37.6%) and restoration fracture (15.2%) were found to be most frequently used indications for re-treatment, surface properties the least. No significant difference was found between assessing dentists based on sex or age. Clustering by dentist level was checked using intra-class correlation coefficients, demonstrating that 16% of the variance in suggestions for restoration re-treatment was explained at the dentist level. Thus, a wide range of treatment suggestions was noted among the dentists. <p> <p>Conclusion: Need for restoration revision seems low in North Norway. There is a tendency towards larger and more indirect restorations, and the diagnosis of secondary caries is still a matter of uncertainty.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Becher, Rune & Valen, Håkon (2023). Oral lesions associated with daily use of snus, a moist smokeless tobacco product. A cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 81(6), p. 473–478. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2178502. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulic, Aida Gacic; Syverud, Morten; Holm, Heidi Vanessa; Kopperud, Simen E.; Staxrud, Frode & Austrheim, Ellen Kristine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Funksjonelle og estetiske egenskaper av metallkeramiske kroner. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 133(8), p. 564–571. doi: 10.56373/2023-8-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kopperud, Simen E. & Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg (2023). Aldersvurdering af tænder og kæber. Tandlægebladet. ISSN 0039-9353. 127(8), p. 672–676. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen & Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg (2022). Hvordan utføre rettsodontologisk identifisering av personer uten tannrestaureringer? Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. 47(1), p. 164–179. doi: 10.18261/issn.2058-7538-2022-01-13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Den vanligste oppgaven for rettsodontologer i Norge er identifisering av døde personer. Odontologisk identifisering av en avdød person baserer seg på en objektiv sammenligning av den avdødes tannstatus med innsamlede tanndata fra en savnet person. Frem til nå har sammenlikning av tilstedeværende tannrestaureringer hos avdøde og dokumentert behandling hos den savnede i stor grad vært brukt til å fastslå odontologisk identitet. Klinisk odontologi har imidlertid gjennomgått et paradigmeskifte de senere tiårene med hensyn til behov for operativ behandling av karieslesjoner. Dette har ført til at det de siste tiårene er utført betydelig færre tannrestaureringer. En konsekvens av dette er at det i nær fremtid kan bli vanskeligere å finne sammenfallende trekk basert på restaureringer i identifiseringsarbeid. Rettsodontologer må derfor se etter andre odontologiske trekk som kan bidra til sikker identitet. Et eksempel på dette kan være dentale anomalier. Tanndannelsen og tannfrembruddet følger hos de aller fleste en viss struktur. I noen tilfeller oppstår det imidlertid uregelmessigheter, og disse særtrekkene kan brukes til å identifisere personer med få eller ingen tannrestaureringer. Dentale implantater som erstatning for tapte eller manglende tenner har i nyere tid blitt en vanlig behandlingsform, også blant pasienter uten andre tannrestaureringer. Siden flere implantater har ulik konstruksjon, er det til en viss grad mulig å gjenkjenne fabrikat på implantatet ved å studere og sammenligne røntgenbilder, og dersom opplysningene er registrert i pasientjournalen kan det bidra til odontologisk identifisering. Det er også et håp om at tannimplantater på sikt skal merkes med et ID-nummer og registreres i et nasjonalt register. Palatinale rugae er irregulære, asymmetriske bindevevsfolder i den harde gane. Det er mye som tyder på at mønsteret er unikt for hver person – nesten som et fingeravtrykk – og at det dermed kan brukes til identifisering dersom det finnes oppbevart avtrykk av ganen.

• Mocquot, Caroline; Vergnes, Jean-Noël; Julien, Laupie; Volgenant, Catherine; Soet, Hans de & Seux, Dominique [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). How French dentists manage defective restorations: Evidence from ReCOL the French dental practice-based research network––A survey study. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 125. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104244. Full text in Research Archive
• Knivsberg, Ina Charlotte; Kopperud, Simen E.; Bjørk, Mai-Britt; Torgersen, Gerald; Skramstad, Katarzyna Ewa Kocent & Kvaal, Sigrid I. (2021). Digitalised exercise material in forensic odontology. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. doi: 10.1007/s00414-021-02740-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Introduction This paper presents digital educational material in forensic odontology, including dental identification after multiple fatalities and dental age estimation from different age groups. Material and method Electronic patient records consisting of intraoral scans of the dentition, digital radiographs, photographs and written dental records were collected. Exercises in age estimations contained digital radiographs and photographs of ground tooth sections, with digital measuring tools and tables according to age groups. The teaching material was organised as a module in an electronic Learning Management System with external links to all relevant teaching material. Results For the identification exercises, intraoral scans and the latest digital radiographs simulated the postmortem examination of the deceased. For comparison, all other radiographs, photographs and dental records were available as antemortem material. The exercise was to match postmortem findings with the antemortem records using the Interpol standard and reconciliation. Age assessment of children used designated tables to grade tooth development on digital radiographs. For adults, non-destructive methods, digital radiographs, photographs and measuring tools were used. Discussion The teaching concept was hybrid, but it can easily be adapted as a fully digital exercise. The instructions and written material can be translated into different languages. The level of difficulty in the exercises can be adjusted according to the participant’s level of knowledge. Conclusion The educational material embraces the new possibilities for digitalisation and intraoral scanning. This might be a valuable tool for motivating and engaging the students in their participation and understanding of the subject.

• Kangasmaa, Hanna; Tanner, Tarja; Laitala, Marja-Liisa; Mulic, Aida; Kopperud, Simen E. & Vähänikkilä, Hannu [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Knowledge on and treatment practices of erosive tooth wear among Finnish dentists. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 79(7), p. 499–505. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1896031. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To investigate Finnish dentists’ knowledge on and means of recording, detecting and diagnosing erosive tooth wear (ETW). Treatment options and possible differences in treatment decisions between general and specialized dentists were also evaluated. Materials and methods: An electronic questionnaire was sent by e-mail to 3664 Finnish dentists. Respondents’ gender, age, work experience, field of specialty, and practice location were requested. The questionnaire also included a patient case where the dentists were asked about their choice of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using means, proportions, and cross tabulations. Results: Response rate was 24% (n¼866). Almost all respondents (98.0%) recorded ETW in patient files, but only 4.1% used a detailed scoring system. Of the respondents, 64.4% usually found the cause of ETW. Use of carbonated beverages (84.3%), energy drinks (57.0%), and reflux disease (53.1%) were reported to be probable causes. The majority of the respondents (80.9%) usually assessed patient’s dietary history while 1.9% evaluated saliva secretion rate. When asked about treatment decisions of ETW patients, the differences between general dentists and specialized dentists were not as obvious as hypothesized. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Finnish dentists who participated in this survey are able to detect and/or diagnose erosive tooth wear, but there is variation in recording it. The differences in treatment decisions between general dentists and specialized dentists seem to be moderate. The treatment practices for ETW are not established and further research to create clinical guidelines seems to be needed.

• Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Becher, Rune; Grøtvedt, Liv; Kopperud, Simen E. & Valen, Håkon (2021). Factors associated with initiation and use of snus among adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/14034948211062311. Full text in Research Archive
• Valen, Håkon; Staxrud, Frode; Kopperud, Simen E.; Austrheim, Ellen Kristine; Syverud, Morten & Mulic, Aida (2020). Functional, compositional, and regulatory analyses of imported and non-imported single dental crowns. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 128(5), p. 444–449. doi: 10.1111/eos.12724. Full text in Research Archive
• Tanner, Tarja; Valen, Håkon; Grøtvedt, Liv; Kopperud, Simen E.; Becher, Rune & Karlsen, Line Christin Schrøder [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Prevention of snus use: Attitudes and activities in the Public Dental Service in the south-eastern part of Norway. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 5(3), p. 205–211. doi: 10.1002/cre2.171. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Dental health care professionals have the opportunity to play a key role in tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents. Snus use has increased in Norway, especially in the age group 16–24, whereas there has been a decline in smoking. This study investigated attitudes and activities related to snus prevention among dental health care professionals working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in south‐eastern Norway. A web‐based survey with a total of 557 dentists and dental hygienists in seven counties in Norway, with a response rate of 53.5%, was carried out in 2017. Dentists’ and dental hygienists’ activities regarding preventive snus use intervention were analysed using the chi‐square test. Intervention was measured with a score (1–5) based on four questions. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the explanatory variables of attitudes/activities and the outcome intervention variable. Approximately 87% of the dentists and 58% of the dental hygienists were not familiar with the “minimum intervention method” for tobacco prevention and cessation. Dental hygienists were most active in informing and supporting their patients in prevention and cessation of snus use. The PDS is an underutilized arena for tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents, and the intervention potential is particularly high among the dentists.

• Ranjkesh, Bahram; Kopperud, Hilde Beate M.; Kopperud, Simen E. & Løvschall, Henrik (2019). Bond strength between dentine and a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 127(6), p. 564–569. doi: 10.1111/eos.12659. Full text in Research Archive
• Reineix, Elodie; Holmgren, Christopher; Muller-Bolla, Michèle; Chadelat, Amelie; Kopperud, Simen E. & Staxrud, Frode [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Réparation des restaurations défectueuses – Connaissances et attitudes thérapeutiques en France. Le Chirurgien-Dentiste de France. ISSN 0009-4838. 1842-1843, p. 35–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahl, Jon Einar; Kopperud, Simen E. & Pallesen, Ulla (2019). Bleaching of the Discolored Traumatized Tooth. In Andreasen, Jens O.; Andreasen, Frances M. & Andersson, Lars (Ed.), Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth, 5th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. ISSN 9781119167051. p. 972–981. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulic, Aida; Svendsen, Gunnar & Kopperud, Simen E. (2018). A retrospective clinical study on the longevity of posterior Class II cast gold inlays/onlays. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 70, p. 46–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To investigate the longevity and reasons for failure of posterior cast Class II gold inlays and onlays among a group of Norwegian adults. The term inlay was used for both inlays and onlays. Methods A cohort of 138 patients regularly attending a general practice for check-up were examined in 2016. The patients had a total of 391 posterior gold inlays placed in the period 1970–2015. The inlays were categorized as successful, repaired or failed. Reasons for failure were classified as either “secondary caries”, “fractures”, “lost inlay” or “other”. Participation was voluntary and no compensation was given. Results The mean age of the patients at placement was 50.8 years (SD: 12.7 yr). Most gold inlays were placed in molars (85.9%) and 14.1% in premolars; 49.4% of the inlays were in the maxilla and the 50.6% in the mandibula. Average length of follow-up was 11.6 years (range: 1–46 years, SD: 7.9); 82.9% were classified as successful, 10.7% as repaired and 6.4% as failed. Reasons for failure were secondary caries (41.3%), lost inlay (25.4%), fractures (23.8%) and other (9.5%). Mean annual failure rate (AFR) was 1.69% for repaired and failed inlays combined. However, if repaired inlays were considered as success, the AFR decreased to 0.57%. Multi-level Cox regression analyses identified low age of the patient and high number of restored surfaces as risk factors for failure. Conclusion The present retrospective clinical study demonstrated an acceptable annual failure rate for Class II cast gold inlays.

• Mulic, Aida; Arnadottir, Inga B; Jensdottir, Torbjòrg & Kopperud, Simen E. (2018). Opinions adn Treatment Decisions for Dental Erosive Wear: A Questionaire Survey among Icelandic Dentists. International Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 1687-8728. doi: 10.1155/2018/8572371. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dental erosive wear (DEW) is common among children and adolescents, and a survey of Icelandic children showed that 30.7% of 15-year-olds were diagnosed with the condition. Objective. To gain knowledge about dental practitioners’ experiences, opinions, and treatment decisions. Materials and Methods. A precoded questionnaire, previously used among Norwegian dentists, was sent electronically to all dentists in Iceland (n = 341). Results. The response rate was 64.2%, and 58% of dentists were male. More than half of the clinicians (54%) thought that prevalence had increased the last 10–15 years, and 67% reported it to be more common in male. Most (96%) recorded presence of DEW, but only 4% used a detailed scoring system. Lesions were mostly on occlusal surfaces of first mandibular molars (73%), on palatal in upper anterior teeth (61%), and on occlusal of maxillary first molars (36%). Most dentists (74%) reported a probable cause, e.g., high consumption of carbonated beverages (98%), acidic juices (68%), sport drinks (58%), reflux (54%), and eating disorders (20%). Dietary history was often recorded by 38%, and 65% never measured saliva. Most of the dentists (88%) treated patients themselves, and half of them preferred prevention with high fluoride and resin sealants. While some dentists wanted to restore teeth more invasively, most considered to restore with a filling. Conclusion. Icelandic dentists seem to be well educated for diagnosis and treatment of dental erosion, and dentists are aware of a minimally invasive approach. Clinical Significance. It is challenging for dentists to make the best treatment decision for patients with DEW, both in a short perspective and long perspective. At present, little is known about their knowledge and treatment approach, and there is no standard treatment which can be recommended. Therefore, the present study investigated dental practitioners’ treatment decisions, as well as knowledge, experiences, and awareness of DEW.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Rukke, Håkon Valen; Kopperud, Hilde Beate M. & Bruzell, Ellen Merete (2017). Light curing procedures - performance, knowledge level and safety awareness among dentists. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 58, p. 67–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives This study aimed to investigate dentists’ exposure to curing light and to obtain information about the dentists’ knowledge on practical use and technical features of their curing lights as well as their safety awareness. Methods A pre-coded questionnaire was sent electronically to all dentists (n = 1313) in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Norway in 2015. Results The Response rate was 55.8%. The dentists spent on average 57.5% of their working days placing restorations, ranging from 1 to 30 (mean 7.7, SD 3.6) restorations per day. The average length of light curing one normal layer of composite was 27 s. The longest individual mean curing time per day was about 100 times higher than that of the lowest. The mean curing time for lamps of the lower reported irradiances was similar to the time representing exceedance of international guidelines for limit values for blue light to the eyes. Almost one-third of the dentists used inadequate eye protection against blue light. The odds of using adequate eye protection were significantly higher among young dentists (p < 0.01). The majority of the respondents (78.3%) were unaware of the irradiance value of their curing lights, thus rendering the curing time uncertain. More dentists in this group did not perform regular maintenance of their curing lights compared with all respondents (17.1% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.01). Conclusions This study revealed considerable variations among Norwegian dentists in the Public Dental Service with respect to performance of light curing of restorations, safety awareness and technical knowledge of the curing light. Clinical significance The questionnaire study identifies specific knowledge gaps among Norwegian dentists with regard to curing lights and use of personal protection. Today’s dependence on technology in dentistry necessitates that the operator possesses knowledge of essential technical specifications and safe use of devices and instruments routinely used in dental treatment.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Ástvaldsdóttir, Álfheiur & Jacobsen, Thomas (2017). Fyllningars hållbarhet mest beroende av patient och operatör. Tandläkartidningen. ISSN 0039-6982. 109(5), p. 56–62. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen E.; Ástvaldsdóttir, Álfheiur & Jacobsen, Thomas (2016). Hvordan går det med kompositte restaureringer? Tandlægebladet. ISSN 0039-9353. 120(11), p. 994–999. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fyldningsterapi udgør stadig en stor del af tandlægers hverdag. Efter at brugen af amalgam er udfaset, er komposit i dag det mest anvendte fyldningsmateriale. Udviklingen af både materialer og metoder har til hensigt at forbedre behandlingsresultaterne. På markedet findes der et bredt udvalg af kompositmaterialer, og udviklingen af nye produkter går hurtigt. Mulighederne for at forudsige resultater i klinikken med in vitro-tests synes imidlertid at være begrænsede. Det er derfor nødvendigt med kliniske studier, som tester materialerne under realistiske forhold. Kliniske undersøgelser af fyldningsmaterialer omfatter randomiserede kontrollerede studier (RCT), retrospektive tværsnitsstudier og praksisbaserede studier, som alle har både styrker og svagheder. Et antal systematiske oversigtsartikler har sammenfattet og vurderet studier om fyldningers overlevelse i den kliniske situation. Sekundær caries og frakturer er de hyppigste årsager til udskiftning af kompositfyldninger. Eftersom det tager tid, før caries og fyldningsdefekter udvikles, må kliniske undersøgelser have lang observationstid for at kunne give pålidelige resultater. Kompositter anses i dag for at have lige så god holdbarhed som amalgam med en Annual Failure Rate (AFR) på 1 - 3 %. Fire hovedfaktorer påvirker fyldningers holdbarhed: materialet, metoden, operatøren og patienten. Dagens kompositter er generelt gode, så fyldningernes holdbarhed er frem for alt afhængig af forhold, som relaterer til patienten og operatøren.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Staxrud, Frode; Espelid, Ivar & Tveit, Anne Bjørg (2016). The Post-Amalgam Era: Norwegian Dentists’ Experiences with Composite Resins and Repair of Defective Amalgam Restorations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 13(4). doi: 10.3390/ijerph13040441. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Amalgam was banned as a dental restorative material in Norway in 2008 due to environmental considerations. An electronic questionnaire was sent to all dentists in the member register of the Norwegian Dental Association (NTF) one year later, to evaluate dentists’ satisfaction with alternative restorative materials and to explore dentists’ treatment choices of fractured amalgam restorations. Replies were obtained from 61.3%. Composite was the preferred restorative material among 99.1% of the dentists. Secondary caries was the most commonly reported cause of failure (72.7%), followed by restoration fractures (25.1%). Longevity of Class II restorations was estimated to be ≥10 years by 45.8% of the dentists, but 71.2% expected even better longevity if the restoration was made with amalgam. Repair using composite was suggested by 24.9% of the dentists in an amalgam restoration with a fractured cusp. Repair was more often proposed among young dentists (p < 0.01), employees in the Public Dental Service (PDS) (p < 0.01) and dentists working in counties with low dentist density (p = 0.03). There was a tendency towards choosing minimally invasive treatment among dentists who also avoided operative treatment of early approximal lesions (p < 0.01). Norwegian dentists showed positive attitudes towards composite as a restorative material. Most dentists chose minimally- or medium invasive approaches when restoring fractured amalgam restorations.

• Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Espelid, Ivar & Kopperud, Simen E. (2016). Posterior composites and new caries on adjacent surfaces - any association? Longitudinal study with a split-mouth design. BMC Oral Health. doi: 10.1186/s12903-016-0167-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background The aim of this longitudinal study was to compare caries incidence in sound approximal surfaces adjacent to newly placed composite restorations with the caries incidence in corresponding surfaces in contralateral teeth without any restorations in contact; and to assess risk factors for dentine caries development on adjacent and control surfaces. Methods Data from a practice-based study, where 4030 posterior approximal restorations placed in permanent teeth by clinicians working in a Public Dental Health Service in Norway, were used. The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics. The present study is based on a subsample of patients with a sound surface adjacent to a newly placed composite posterior approximal restoration. All individuals who had intact corresponding contralateral pairs of teeth in the same jaw, were included. At the end of the follow-up period, the study restorations and their adjacent surfaces were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Status of the contralateral tooth pair at baseline and end point was based on recordings from routine dental examinations, retrospectively extracted from the electronic dental records. Results One hundred and ninety three patients (mean age 15.0 years, SD = 3.4) met the inclusion criteria. The surfaces were followed on average for 4.8 years. Follow-up observations revealed that 41 % of adjacent surfaces remained sound, compared with 67 % of the control surfaces (p < 0.001). Restorations were placed in 17 % of adjacent surfaces, compared with 3 % of the control surfaces (p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjacent surfaces in maxillary teeth had increased risk for dentine caries development (OR 3.1, CI 1.3–7.3). Conclusions Caries incidence in intact approximal surfaces adjacent to newly placed composite posterior approximal restorations was significantly higher compared with the contralateral control surface without a restoration in contact. Adjacent surfaces in maxillary teeth had increased risk for dentine caries development. Keywords Dental caries – Dental restoration – Incidence – Dental health services – Follow-up study

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Pedersen, Cecilie Gravdahl & Espelid, Ivar (2016). Treatment decisions on Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) by Norwegian dentists - a questionnaire study. BMC Oral Health. 17(3). doi: 10.1186/s12903-016-0237-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The study aimed to explore the variability between the treatment decisions dentists make for MIH-affected teeth. Methods In 2009, a pre-coded questionnaire was sent electronically to all dentists employed by the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Norway (n = 1061). The questions were related to treatment of MIH-affected teeth, including three patient cases illustrated by photographs and written case descriptions. Results Replies were obtained from 61.5 % of the respondents after two reminders. In the first case, showing a newly erupted first permanent molar with moderate hypomineralization and no disintegration of the surface enamel, the preferred treatment among the majority of the respondents (53.5 %) was application of fluoride varnish, while 19.6 % would seal the fissure with GIC material. In the second case, showing a severely damaged first permanent molar in a six year old child, more than half of the respondents (57.5 %) would place a conventional glass ionomer restoration and 10.5 % would use a stainless steel crown (SSC). In the third case, showing a severely damaged permanent first molar in a nine year old child, 43.8 % of the dentists would remove only the parts with soft, damaged enamel; while 35.2 % would remove more and 21.0 % would remove all affected enamel and leave the cavity margins in sound enamel. Conclusions The survey shows that there is a wide disparity between clinicians’ views on how MIH affected teeth should be treated. In a severely affected first permanent molar, only a minority of dentists would remove as much tooth substance as needed to get the full benefit of the acid etch pattern in sound enamel.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Opdam, Niek JM & Espelid, Ivar (2016). Occlusal caries management: Preferences among dentists in Norway. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 50(1), p. 40–47. doi: 10.1159/000442796. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim was to measure variations in the threshold for operative treatment of occlusal caries in permanent teeth and the use of dental materials, compared with results from a similar study conducted in Norway in 1995. In 2009, a precoded questionnaire was sent electronically to 3,654 dentists with E-mail addresses in the member register of the Norwegian Dental Association. The questions were related to caries, treatment strategies and choice of dental materials. Replies were obtained from 61.3% respondents after two reminders. Restorative treatment of occlusal lesions confined to enamel was proposed by 12% of the dentists, compared with 18% in 1995 (p < 0.01). Older dentists more often than younger dentists would operatively treat enamel lesions (p < 0.01). Most dentists preferred to drill only the carious part of the fissure rather than the whole fissure both in 2009 (78.8%) and 1995 (68.3%; p < 0.01). In 2009, 91.9% preferred composite as the restorative material of choice, compared to only 39.1% in 1995. Logistic regression analyses identified higher age of the dentist as the only variable significantly associated with higher risk of restoring occlusal enamel lesions operatively. The authors conclude that especially young dentists appear to be more reluctant to remove tooth substance in 2009 compared with 1995. Composite is the dominating material of choice in 2009 and seems to have substituted the use of most other filling materials in occlusal restorations in permanent teeth.

• Staxrud, Frode; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Rukke, Håkon Valen & Kopperud, Simen E. (2016). Repair of defective composite restorations. A questionnaire study among dentists in the Public Dental Service in Norway. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 52, p. 50–54. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives This study aimed to investigate dentists’ treatment choices concerning “repair or replacement” of defective restorations. Methods A pre-coded questionnaire was sent electronically to all dentists (n = 1313) in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Norway. Part one: The dentists were asked about age and gender, whether they performed direct restorative therapy/amount of time spent on fillings made per day due to: Primary caries, Repair of restorations or Replacement of restoration/what kind of bonding agents used and pre-treatment of the residual restoration. Part two: The dentists were asked to consider the best treatment for three patient cases with tooth/restoration fractures. Results Response rate was 55.8%, (69.6% females, 30.4% males). Respondent age varied from 25 to 77 years (mean 41.8, SD 12.4). Part one: The dentists spent on average 57.5% of the working day placing restorations, making from 1 to 30 (mean 7.7, SD 3.6) restorations per day. Reasons for treatment were; Primary caries 55.7% (SD 19.1%), repair of restorations 26.7% (SD 14.8%), replacement of fillings 18.2% (SD 11.2%). Two-step etch and rinse (ER), 3-step ER and Self-etch (SE) were used by 48.7%, 24.6% and 26.7% of the respondents, respectively. A silanising agent was used by 7.4%. Part two: Treatment choices: Repair with RC: 89.6% in case one, 86.9% in case two and 54.1% in case three. Young dentists suggested invasive treatment more often than old dentists (>38 years). Conclusions Operative dentistry claims 57.5% of PDS dentists’ working day. In addition to primary caries, repair and replacement of restorations accounted for 27% and 18% of the reasons for placing restorations. Clinical significance The idea of “minimal intervention dentistry” seems to have great influence among dentists in PDS (Norway), as they seek to preserve dental hard tissue as much as possible by choosing repair before replacement. No gender differences were observed, but older dentists seem to favour repair compared with the younger dentists.

• Kopperud, Simen E.; Espelid, Ivar; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2015). Risk factors for caries development on tooth surfaces adjacent to newly placed Class II composites – a pragmatic, practice based study. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 43(11), p. 1323–1329. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.013. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulic, Aida & Kopperud, Simen E. (2013). Dentale erosjoner: synspunkter og behandlingsstrategier blant norske tannleger. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 123(11), p. 784–788. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulic, Aida; Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Skaare, Anne B; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Young, Alix (2012). Opinions on Dental Erosive Lesions, Knowledge of Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies among Norwegian Dentists: A Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 1687-8728. doi: 10.1155/2012/716396. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Gaarden, Torunn; Sandvik, Leiv & Espelid, Ivar (2012). Longevity of posterior dental restorations and reasons for failure. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 120(6), p. 539–548. doi: 10.1111/eos.12004. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Espelid, Ivar (2011). Changes in the Treatment Concept for Approximal Caries from 1983 to 2009 in Norway. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 45(2), p. 113–120. doi: 10.1159/000324810. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Gaarden, Torunn; Sandvik, Leiv & Espelid, Ivar (2009). Factors influencing dentists' choice of amalgam and tooth-colored restorative materials for Class II preparations in younger patients. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 67(2), p. 74–79. doi: 10.1080/00016350802577800. Full text in Research Archive

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• Rukke, Håkon Valen; Kopperud, Simen E. & Becher, Rune (2016). Effekter i munnhulen ved bruk av snus. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788280826442. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Snus er et røykfritt oppmalt tobakksprodukt, som brukes i munnen mellom tannkjøtt og leppe. Det er økt bruk av snus i befolkningen, og økningen er størst i de yngste aldersgruppene (16–24 år). Som andre tobakksprodukter inneholder snus det biologisk aktive og vanedannende nikotin. I tillegg inneholder snus kreftfremkallende tobakksspesifikke nitrosaminer (TSNA) og andre stoffer med karsinogent potensiale. Eksponeringen for nikotin og TSNA kan være tilsvarende eller noe høyere hos snusbrukere sammenlignet med røykere men vil variere med type snus og bruksmønster. Nikotin virker primært ved å binde seg til nikotinkolinerge reseptorer, noe som fører til frigivelse av forskjellige signalmolekyler i cellene. Dette fører til både fysiologiske og uønskede biologiske effekter. Disse reseptorene finnes foruten i nervesystemet også i en rekke andre organer og vev. I tillegg til nikotins betydelig vanedannende potensiale, har nikotin akutte effekter på hjerte- og karsystemet. Dyreforsøk har videre vist at nikotineksponering i fosterlivet og av unge dyr kan føre til uønskede forandringer i hjernen og påvirke lungeutvikling. Samlet sett er de kreftfremkallende effektene av TSNA, særlig for NNK og NNN, overbevisende dokumenterte i dyreforsøk. Siden NNK og NNN er både kreftfremkallende og skader arvematerialet vil enhver eksponering kunne medføre en viss kreftrisiko, men risikoen øker med økende eksponering. På grunnlag av befolkningsstudier, eksperimentelle studier og tilstedeværelse av kreftfremkallende TSNA og andre stoffer som kan påvirke kreftutvikling vurderes snus som kreftfremkallende. Bruk av snus øker risikoen for kreft i bukspyttkjertelen, spiserøret og munnhulen. På grunnlag av eksisterende studier er det imidlertid ikke mulig å fastslå hvor stor risikoøkningen er. Risikoen er imidlertid lavere enn den man ser ved røyking hvor man i tillegg eksponeres for en rekke forbrenningsprodukter som kan bidra til kreftutvikling. I tillegg fører bruk av snus til forandringer i munnhulen, hvorav de fleste sees som hvite og/eller røde slimhinneskader. Disse kalles snus-induserte skader. De fleste av disse går tilbake når man slutter å snuse. Det kan imidlertid forekomme lokal varig tilbaketrekking med blottlegging av tannhalser og ising i tennene. Man har ikke påvist økt risiko for karies eller periodontitt ved snusbruk, men mors bruk av snus tidlig i svangerskapet har blitt knyttet til økt risiko for leppe-/ganemisdannelser hos barnet.

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• Mocquot, Caroline; Vergnes, Jean-Noël; Julien, Laupie; Volgenant, Catherine; Soet, Hans de & Seux, Dominique [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Erratum to ‘How French dentists manage defective restorations: evidence from ReCOL the French dental practice-based research network – a survey study’ [Journal of Dentistry 125C (2022) 104244] (Journal of Dentistry (2022) 125, (S0300571222003001), (10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104244)). Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 142. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104319. Full text in Research Archive
• Wellendorf, Hanne & Kopperud, Simen E. (2023). De mest brukte komposittene på det norske markedet oppfyller ikke alle formelle krav i ISO-standarden. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 133(5), p. 404–409. doi: 10.56373/2023-5-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulic, Aida; Svendsen, Gunnar & Kopperud, Simen E. (2017). A Retrospective Clinical Study on the Longevity of Gold Inlays. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen E.; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Espelid, Ivar & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2015). Caries progression on approximal surfaces in contact with composite restorations. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen E.; Espelid, Ivar; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Qvist, Vibeke (2014). Class II composite resin restorations in adolescents in Denmark and Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen E. (2014). Effekt av prepareringsteknikk på varigheten til komposittfyllinger. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 124(5), p. 384–385. Full text in Research Archive
• Kopperud, Simen E. (2014). Hvorfor holder noen fyllinger lenger enn andre? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 124, p. 296–296. Full text in Research Archive
• Staxrud, Frode; Kopperud, Simen E. & Kopperud, Hilde Beate M. (2014). Hvorfor holder noen fyllinger lenger enn andre? Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Sandvik, Leiv; Gaarden, Torunn & Espelid, Ivar (2011). Failure rates of Class II restorations in Norwegian adolescents. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Espelid, Ivar (2010). Restorative treatment decisions on occlusal caries in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg & Espelid, Ivar (2009). Restorative treatment decisions on approximal caries in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Vidnes-Kopperud, Simen; Tveit, Anne Bjørg; Gaarden, Torunn & Espelid, Ivar (2008). Stress bearing restorations in permanent teeth. Baseline data from a prospective study among adolecents. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Anne; Khan, Qalbi; Stein, Linda; Mulic, Aida Gacic & Kopperud, Simen E. (2025). Prevention of root caries among elderly in Norway. Universitetet i Innlandet. ISSN 9788283805512. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fremskritt innen medisin og odontologi har ført til en betydelig forbedring av den generelle og orale helsen i befolkningen, som gjør at levealderen har økt og at flere beholder sine naturlige tenner inn i alderdommen. Karies, og spesielt rotkaries, er en stor utfordring i denne aldersgruppen i tannhelsetjenesten. Det overordnede målet for avhandlingen er derfor å øke kunnskap om forebygging av rotkaries blant eldre i Norge, noe som er avgjørende for å kunne forbedre og planlegge fremtidens ressursbehov i tannhelsetjenesten. Et laboratorieeksperiment og to tverrsnittstudier ble gjennomført. Laboratorieeksperimentet fant sted på Nordisk Institutt for Odontologiske Materialer (NIOM). Formålet i denne studien var å kvantitativt evaluere Streptococcus Mutans biofilm akkumulering på human emalje og rotoverflater, samt vurdere mengden av biofilm som ble fjernet ved bruk av (1) eksperimentell tannkrem og (2) vann, i et lukket system i flow chamber. I den første tverrsnittstudien benyttet vi oss av data fra Tromsø7 undersøkelsen, hvor 1075 deltakere over 65 år ble inkludert. Studien hadde som formål å undersøke hvilke risikoindikatorer som var assosiert med rotkaries hos eldre over 65 år. Et sekundært formål var å undersøke hvorvidt rotkaries var assosiert med oral helse-relatert livskvalitet (OHRQoL). I den andre tverrsnittstudien ble det gjennomført en nettbasert spørreundersøkelse blant 365 tannpleiere i offentlig og privat sektor, hvor formålet var å øke kunnskap om hvilke forebyggende tiltak som ble utført blant eldre over 65 år, med spesielt søkelys på forebyggelse av rotkaries. Et sekundært formål var å undersøke forskjeller og utfordringer i det forebyggende arbeidet. Laboratoriestudien (Paper I) viste at mindre biofilm ble fjernet fra rotoverflatene sammenlignet med emalje. I dataen fra Tromsøundersøkelsen (Paper II) fant vi at menn og røykere hadde høyere risiko for å utvikle rotkaries. Vi fant også at rotkaries var signifikant assosiert med oral helse-relatert livskvalitet. Resultatene fra spørreundersøkelsen (Paper III) viste at tannpleierne utførte en rekke forebyggende tiltak for eldre, selv om det opplevdes som krevende. Avhandlingen understreker betydningen av forebygging av rotkaries blant eldre og indikerer et behov for mer ressurser og økt prioritering av forebyggende strategier i tannhelsetjenesten som samsvarer med tannhelsebehovene til den aldrende befolkningen i Norge. Forskningen adresserer omfattende og viktig informasjon som bør tas i betraktning av tannhelsepersonell og beslutningstakere i det forebyggende arbeidet for denne gruppen.

• Kopperud, Simen E. (2013). Treatment decisions on approximal caries and longevity of Class II restorations. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Placing restorations due to dental caries is still a commonly performed treatment by dental practitioners in Norway. The aim of this thesis was to explore dentists’ treatment decisions on approximal caries and to assess the longevity of approximal restorations in posterior teeth and reasons for their failure. The research employed a questionnaire and included a practice-based study. The questionnaire revealed that, in 2009, 7% of Norwegian dentists would restore approximal lesions confined to enamel, compared with (in similar studies) 18% in 1995 and 66% in 1983. A saucer-shaped preparation technique was most favoured in 2009. As restorative material, resin composite was preferred by 95% of the dentists. In the practice-based study, amalgam (not today permitted) was placed significantly more often in male patients with caries experience (DMFT) and severe caries, and in molars. After an average follow-up period of 4.6 yr, the mean annual failure rate was 2.9% for resin-composite restorations and 1.6% for amalgams. Multilevel Cox-regression analyses identified patient age, caries experience, deep cavity, saucer-shaped preparation technique and one brand of resin-composite as factors predisposing to reduced longevity of resin-composite restorations. Taking all relevant factors into account, dentists could improve the longevity of their restorations.

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