Anne Thea Tveit Sødal

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Singh, Preet Bano; Young, Alix & Jensen, Janicke Liaaen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Oral helse blant 65-åringer i Oslo. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 12(134). doi: 10.56373/2024-12-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Young, Alix & Hove, Lene Hystad (2023). Caries experience and risk indicators of having decayed teeth among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03432-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Meeting the oral health needs of the increasing population of older adults presents a major challenge in dental care. Knowledge about the oral health status in the young-elderly age group is essential for the planning of future oral health education and prevention programs. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate the caries experience among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway, and to explore associations between having decayed teeth and sociodemographic, behavioural, and biological factors. Methods A random sample of 65‑year‑olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations (n = 457, 52% men and 48% women) at the Research Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, between February and December 2019. Primary- and secondary coronal and root caries lesions, root remnants, and missing and restored teeth were recorded. Decayed teeth (DT) were defined as teeth with coronal- and root caries lesions that had progressed into dentine and root remnants, and the DMFT/S scores were calculated. Results The mean number of teeth was 25 (SD: 4) and the mean DMFT was 19.4 (SD: 4.7). Thirty seven percent of the individuals had at least one decayed tooth (DT > 0), and the mean number of filled teeth (FT) was 16.1 (SD: 5.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8), basic level of education (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), irregular dental attendance (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.8), and hyposalivation (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.4) were significant risk indicators for having decayed teeth (DT > 0) (p < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, 65-year-olds in Oslo had a low average number of decayed and missing teeth, and a high number of restored teeth. Irregular dental attendance and hyposalivation were the strongest risk indicators for having decayed teeth. Based on the present results, it will be important to ensure access to regular dental care and to increase the emphasis on caries preventive measures for individuals with hyposalivation in this age group.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Hove, Lene Hystad; Diep, My Tien; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Koldsland, Odd Carsten (2022). Periodontal conditions in a 65-year-old population and prevalence of periodontitis according to three different bone level thresholds. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02276-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aims The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate to what extent the radiographic bone level threshold for periodontitis case definition influences the prevalence. Materials and methods A random sample of 454 subjects underwent a clinical and radiographic examination and answered a questionnaire regarding general health, medications, and smoking habits. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depths, bleeding on probing, mobility, and furcation involvement) and radiographic bone loss were used to identify periodontitis cases and to assess periodontal stage and grade. Results Of the 454 participants, 52.6% were defined as “periodontitis cases”. Of the total study population “unstable cases of recurrent periodontitis” were present in 38.1%, 16.5% of the participants were assigned to stage II, 32.8% to stage III, and 3.3% to stage IV. When lowering the radiographic bone loss cutoff from > 3 mm to > 2 mm or > 1 mm the prevalence of periodontitis increased to 91.9% and 99.6%. Conclusions Periodontitis was common among 65 year-olds living in Oslo, and in the majority of those with periodontitis, the disease was recurrent and unstable. This study also shows that the choice of bone loss cutoff for defining a periodontitis case affects the prevalence estimates to a large extent. In addition, this study addresses weaknesses in the use of the consensus report of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions for epidemiologic studies in its current form.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien; Koldsland, Odd Carsten & Hove, Lene Hystad (2022). Periodontitis in a 65-year-old population: risk indicators and impact on oral health-related quality of life. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02662-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aims The aims of the present study were to investigate socioeconomic and behavioral risk indicators for severe periodontitis in a 65-year-old Norwegian population, and to investigate how periodontitis impacts oral health-related quality of life. Material and methods A sample of 65-year-old residents in Oslo, born in 1954, was randomly selected for this study. The participants answered a questionnaire regarding country of birth, education, diabetes, smoking habits, dental attendance pattern, and tooth-brushing habits. In addition, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14). Negative impact on OHRQoL was defined as responding “fairly often” or “very often” to at least one of the OHIP-14 items. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on clinical and radiographic periodontal measurements and classified based on the consensus report from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Results Of 796 eligible participants, 460 individuals agreed to participate in the present study (response rate 58%). Seven participants were excluded from the analyses due to < 2 remaining teeth (n = 3) or missing questionnaire (n = 4), resulting in a study sample of 453 individuals (233 men and 220 women). An association was found between non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2, lower education, smoking, non-regular dental visits, and severe periodontitis (stage III or IV, n = 163) in bivariate analyses (Chi-square test). However, in the multiple logistic regression model, only non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2 and smoking (former and current), were associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis. The overall mean OHIP-14 total score was 3.6 (SD: 6.1). Participants with stage III or IV periodontitis reported a significantly higher OHIP-14 total score (mean: 4.7, SD: 7.4), indicating a lower OHRQoL, compared to non-periodontitis participants (mean: 2.9, SD: 4.9). Conclusions In the present study, non-western birth country, diabetes type 2, and smoking were found as significant risk indicators for severe periodontitis. Overall, results indicate a good OHRQoL among 65-year-olds in Oslo, however, a tendency of reduced OHRQoL with increasing severity of periodontitis was observed.

• Hynne, Håvard; Tashbayev, Behzod; Diep, My Tien; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Badian, Reza & Chen, Xiangjun [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The relationship between ocular and oral dryness in a cohort from the 65-year-old population in Norway. Scientific Reports. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13985-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In the present study, the relationship between dry eyes and dry mouth was explored in 150 65-year-old subjects randomly selected from the general population in Oslo, Norway. The number of drugs, including xerogenic drugs, and current and previous systemic diseases were recorded. Ocular parameters recorded were the McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, the Schirmer I Test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. The oral parameters were xerostomia frequency, Summated Xerostomia Inventory, Clinical Oral Dryness Score, and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva. The participants with current or previous systemic diseases had significantly more ocular and oral symptoms and significantly more oral clinical findings than the participants without a history of disease. Moreover, correlation and factor analyses demonstrated an association between subjective ocular and oral parameters. A significant correlation between the total number of drugs and the presence of ocular and oral symptoms was also noted. When the participants were categorized based on their ocular symptoms, poorer values were found for the oral parameters among the participants more troubled with dry eyes. The results in the present study call for increased awareness and an interdisciplinary approach in matters related to dry eyes and dry mouth.

• Diep, My Tien; Hove, Lene Hystad; Ørstavik, Dag Solmund; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit & Sunde, Pia Titterud (2022). Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens. BMC Oral Health. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root-filled teeth in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate associations of pathosis and endodontic treatment with selected individual risk indicators and technical quality of root fillings. Material and methods A random sample of 450 65-year-olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical and radiological examination (52% men and 48% women). Periapical radiographs were taken of all root-filled teeth and of teeth with apical radiolucency, and periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index. Apex-to-filling distance and homogeneity were assessed for all root fillings. Analyses on individual level and tooth level were performed. The outcome variables were ‘non-root-filled tooth with AP’ (‘untreated AP’), ‘root-filled tooth’, and 'root-filled tooth with AP’. The explanatory variables were gender, education, dental attendance pattern, smoking, remaining teeth (n), tooth group, and root filling quality. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between outcome variables and explanatory variables. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. Results The mean number of remaining teeth was 26 (SD: 4). AP was present in 45% of the individuals. Sixteen percent of the individuals had untreated AP and 38% had at least one root-filled tooth with AP. Sixty-six percent of the individuals had one or more root-filled teeth. Untreated AP was significantly associated with a decreasing number of remaining teeth and smoking. All the outcome variables were significantly more prevalent in molars compared with premolars and anterior teeth. Thirty-five percent of the root-filled teeth had AP, and AP was more prevalent in teeth with too short apex-to-filling distance (53%) or unsatisfactory homogeneity (46%). Conclusions The remaining number of teeth was high, and AP and root-filled teeth were prevalent in the present young-elderly population. A notable amount of untreated AP was observed, especially in smokers. The findings in the present study indicate a substantial need for dental care associated with endodontic conditions in the future elderly.

• Diep, My Tien; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Young, Alix; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit & Petrovski, Beata [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 129(1), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/eos.12757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study aimed to describe the prevalence and associated factors for xerostomia and hyposalivation in a young-elderly population. A random sample of 460 65-yr-old people living in Oslo, Norway, answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination (237 men and 223 women; response rate 58%). Ten percent of respondents reported xerostomia. The median Summated Xerostomia Index was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–7) and the median Clinical Oral Dryness Score was 2 (IQR: 1–3). The median unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion rate was 0.34 (IQR: 0.20–0.53) mL min–1 and the median stimulated whole saliva (SWS) secretion rate was 1.74 (IQR: 1.24–2.38) mL min–1. In 8% of the study participants the UWS secretion rate was ≤0.1 mL min–1 and in 4% the SWS secretion rate was ≤0.7 mL min–1. Three percent of the study participants had both xerostomia and hyposalivation with respect to UWS. Xerostomia was significantly associated with medication use, having rheumatic disease, and having received radiation therapy to the head/neck region. Hyposalivation with respect to UWS and SWS was significantly associated with medication use and type II diabetes. Even though xerostomia and hyposalivation were not prevalent conditions in this population, clinicians should be especially aware of the salivary conditions in patients taking four or more medications, patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and those who have undergone radiation therapy to the head/neck region.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Singh, Preet Bano; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2021). Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders in a 65-year-old population. BMC Geriatrics. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02242-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders likely have a substantial impact on human daily life. However, data regarding the prevalence of these disorders in Norway are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smell, taste, trigeminal disorders and associated factors in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway. Methods A random sample of 223 individuals (123 men, 100 women) participated in the study. Medical history was obtained, and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) were collected to determine salivary secretion rates. Sniffin`n Sticks and Taste Strips (Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) were used for quantitative testing of olfactory and gustatory function. In addition, the participants’ self-reported perceptions of smell and taste, and burning mouth sensation were investigated. Results The results showed that 34 % of the participants had reduced smell (28 % hyposmia and 6 % anosmia) and 28 % had reduced taste perception (21 % hypogeusia and 7 % ageusia). 13 % of the partcipants had a combination of smell and taste disorders. Dysgeusia was reported by 5 % and burning mouth sensation (syndrome) by 3 % of the participants. Hyposmia, hypogeusia and ageusia were significantly more prevalent among men. Significant associations were found between taste disorders and previous history of cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack, and between burning mouth sensation and gastrointestinal disorders. Disturbances in olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal function were significantly related to medication use. Ageusia and burning mouth sensation were significantly more prevalent among smokers. Except from higher prevalence of ageusia among participants with hyposalivation with respect to SWS, no significant associations were found between salivary secretion rate and chemosensory or trigeminal disorders in the present study. Conclusions The present study revealed that one-third of 65-year-old individuals had impaired smell and more than one-fourth had impaired taste function. The prevalence of dysgeusia and burning mouth sensation was very low. Reduced smell and taste perception were more common among men than women. Furthermore, some diseases and medications were associated with chemosensory and trigeminal disorders. Ageusia was associated with SWS hyposalivation.

• Diep, My Tien; Sødal, Anne T. Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hove, Lene Hystad (2018). Rutiner for oral helse på sykehjem: En undersøkelse blant sykehjemsledere. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 118(9), s. 694–699. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Kvist, Beate Charlotte Fagerlund; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise & Wisløff, Torbjørn (2026). Value of Information analysis of SYNCORAL. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Older adults (≥65 years) receiving municipal home health care services (HHCS) in Norway face substantial oral‑health challenges. One important reason is that HHCS and public dental services (PDS), organized at the county level, operate in separate organizational structures and use different digital systems. Currently, no integrated digital communication solution exists to support collaboration, and there is a clear need for improved cross‑sector coordination. Recent cost‑of‑illness evidence shows that poor oral health in this population entails considerable economic burden, including direct costs related to oral disease, indirect costs from increased risk of systemic illness, and productivity losses among caregivers. SYNCORAL is a digital platform embedded in electronic patient records designed to streamline patient identification, consent, and information exchange between HHCS and PDS. By enabling better coordination and earlier intervention, SYNCORAL may help shift care from costly acute treatment toward prevention. However, the key effects and costs of SYNCORAL remain uncertain. A Value of Information (VOI) analysis is therefore needed to assess whether additional evidence is required before large‑scale implementation. Aim: The aim of this VOI analysis is to quantify remaining decision‑critical uncertainty in the expected effects and costs of SYNCORAL, and to assess whether collecting additional evidence would be worthwhile. Method: We developed a Markov model (see Figure 2) and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) using Monte Carlo simulation with 10 000 iterations to quantify parameter uncertainty. The model applied a lifetime time horizon, following older adults receiving HHCS from the age of 65 years old to death. Two separate analyses were conducted for adults aged 65–79 years and 80+ years. Data were obtained from epidemiological studies, national health registries, reimbursement databases, and expert assessments. Preliminary results: Substantial uncertainty across several key parameters is already evident while the VOI analysis remains in progress. Figure 3 shows the preliminary incremental cost‑effectiveness scatterplot of SYNCORAL versus current practice. Each point is one PSA simulation; the dashed line indicates a 275 000 NOK/QALY threshold, with points below the line considered cost‑effective. In these preliminary results, SYNCORAL appears cost‑effective in around 60% of simulations at this threshold. Further research: Our planned VOI work will estimate Expected Value of Sampling Information (EVSI) to quantify the value of reducing the uncertainty through new data, and Expected Net Benefit of Sampling (ENBS) to assess whether additional evidence would justify the cost of further research

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2026). Risk Indicators for Irregular Dental Attendance Among 65-Year-Olds in Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kvist, Beate Charlotte Fagerlund; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit & Wisløff, Torbjørn (2026). Economic Burden of Reduced Oral Health Among Older Adults Receiving Home Health Care Services. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Older adults (65+) receiving home health care services (HHCS) represent about 2% of Norway’s population. By 2050, the population aged 80+ is projected to double, which is expected to increase the demand for HHCS. Old age is associated with a high prevalence of oral diseases and poor oral health, which in turn is associated with elevated risks of systemic conditions. Despite these implications, the societal economic cost of oral health among older adults receiving HHCS is insufficiently documented. This study aimed to estimate current and future societal costs of reduced oral health among older adults receiving HHCS in Norway. Method: A cost-of-illness analysis was conducted. Direct costs included routine examinations and dental treatment, while indirect costs covered caregiver productivity losses and systemic diseases associated with reduced oral health. Data were obtained from epidemiological studies, national health registers, reimbursement registries, and expert elicitation. Results/conclusion: Older adults receiving HHCS accounted for 4.8% of dental health expenditures (NOK 1.1 billion) in 2026. In 2026, adults aged 80 years and more made up about 60% of total costs (NOK 919 million), compared with 40% for those aged 65–79 years (NOK 619 million). By 2060, this distribution is projected to shift to roughly 70% (NOK 2.3 billion) versus 30% (NOK 1 billion) Poor oral health among older adults receiving HHCS constitutes a substantial economic burden.

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit (2026). Bedre samhandling - bedre tannhelse for eldre. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening. ISSN 1501-8636. 1/26, s. 26–29. doi: https:/issuu.com/tannpleierforening/docs/tannstikka_1_26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Diep, My Tien; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Young, Alix; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Hove, Lene Hystad (2020). Are Xerostomia and Hyposalivation Common Problems Among 65-Year-Olds? Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 54(4), s. 449–450. doi: 10.1159/000511860. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Singh, Preet Bano; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2020). Prevalence of Smell, Taste, Trigeminal Disorders and Quality of Life Among 65-Year-Olds in Oslo. Caries Research. ISSN 0008-6568. 54(4), s. 449–449. doi: 10.1159/000511860. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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