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• Wesseltoft-Rao, Nima; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Vejrup, Kristine (2026). Health literacy, dietary behavior and body mass index in male and female Norwegian conscripts. A cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health Research. ISSN 2279-9028. 15(3), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/22799036261461038. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Health literacy (HL) is an important determinant of health behaviors, including diet. In military populations, optimal nutrition is critical for physical performance, readiness, and long-term health. In Norway, first-time military service provides a unique opportunity to influence young conscripts’ health habits. This study investigates the relationship between HL and dietary patterns, body mass index (BMI), and meal adherence among Norwegian conscripts, with an emphasis on potential sex differences. Study Design A cross-sectional study. Methods This cross-sectional study included Norwegian conscripts completing first-time military service. HL was measured using the validated HLS-Q12 instrument. Dietary behaviors, meal patterns, and BMI were assessed using self-reported questionnaire data. A digital questionnaire was sent to Norwegian conscripts completing their first-time military service in 2022 (n=9,991). A total of 2,225 conscripts consented to participate in the study. The survey assessed dietary habits across different military settings, self-reported diet quality, and HL using the HLS-Q12 tool. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Pearson correlation to explore associations between HL, diet, and BMI. Results Significant associations were observed between HL and several dietary variables; however, most associations were weak in magnitude. Higher HL was associated with more regular meal patterns and better self-reported diet quality. Additionally, differences between sexes were observed, but effect sizes were generally small. More than half of conscripts had an adequate HL, with males scoring significantly higher than females. Conscripts with adequate HL were more likely to rate their diet as good, follow meal recommendations, and maintain a normal BMI. However, no significant association between HL and BMI was found in the total population; differences appeared in sex-stratified analyses, among female conscripts. Independently of HL, unhealthy snacking and high-sugar drink consumption were more common during field training, whereas conscripts with inadequate HL (iHL) reporting higher sugary snack intake at home. Adequate HL was weakly but significantly correlated with higher self-reported diet quality, more frequent adherence to regular meals, and lower sugary snack consumption. This could mean that HL was associated with self-reported dietary intentions but not outcomes like BMI. Conclusions HL may be associated with dietary behaviors among conscripts. However, given the weak associations and study limitations, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Although more than half of the conscripts had adequate HL, iHL was prevalent among Norwegian conscripts. Poorer self-reported diet quality and lower adherence to regular meal patterns is associated with iHL, particularly during field training. No significant associations was found between HL and BMI. The findings suggest a need for tailored education to improve HL and behavior change, to promote healthier dietary habits during military service.

• Bergem, Anne Kristine; Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Thorvaldsen, Nina Øye & Häikiö, Kristin (2025). Ambulance clinicians’ experiences of enforcing coercion: Insights from open-ended responses through the lens of social identity theory. Paramedicine. 0(0), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1177/27536386251372164. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ambulance clinicians may have to apply coercion while delivering healthcare. However, coercion is a source of stress for all involved. Challenges include unclear legislation, lack of training, equipment, support, not least ethical dilemmas. This paper explores factors influencing ambulance clinicians’ experiences of exercising coercion. An anonymous online survey was conducted between Oct 2021 and Nov 2022. During a six months period, 488 ambulance clinicians reported using coercion, and 431 answered a free-text response question about their experience. Using Graneheim & Lundman's analysis of qualitative content, 376 answers were analyzed. Three overarching themes were identified. First, ambulance clinicians reflected on what constitutes healthcare and how they perceive their professional role, including the idea that coercion can, in some cases, be a legitimate form of healthcare; at the same time, clinicians expressed concern about patients’ experiences, and described feelings of powerlessness. Second, participants highlighted encounters and situations that they found especially distressing, often due to ethical ambiguity. Third, the experience of exercising coercion was shaped by various contextual and structural conditions concerning equipment, legislation, insufficient training and expertise, as well as the complex impact of police involvement during critical incidents and lack of support. Social identity theory was used to understand how the described challenges influenced the use of coercion and shaped ambulance clinicians’ professional identity at the individual, service, and societal levels. This identity was challenged across all levels. Clinicians often found themselves in situations where they felt morally conflicted, underprepared, and isolated from the wider healthcare system. These findings underline the need for integrated strategies that address coercion through a multi-level lens. Clinical implications include the implementation of structured ethical reflection, improved training, adequate equipment, and clear, context-specific guidelines. Such efforts can strengthen ethical competence, reduce moral distress, and align prehospital practice with broader health-led efforts to minimize coercion.

• Bergem, Anne Kristine; Thorvaldsen, Nina Øye; Häikiö, Kristin & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2024). "Some missions can be quite emotionally painful." Paramedic´s experience exercising coercion during assignments—A qualitative study. PLOS ONE. 19(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290593. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background More than 70% of respondents in a previous survey among paramedics reported use of coercion or physical force towards patients. Coercion outside hospital is not permitted, and neither routines nor equipment intended for physical restraint is available in the Norwegian ambulance services. Paramedics carry out assignments involving use of force and coercion on unclear legal grounds, with no training in techniques or proper equipment. Attitudes and experiences of healthcare workers regarding incidents involving coercion in mental health care services are frequently reported in the research literature, yet little is known about para- medics’ experiences, and which factors contribute to their moral stress. Methods In the period June-August 2021, almost 400 employees in the ambulance services in a county in the eastern part of Norway were invited to answer a digital questionnaire. One question had an open text field with the question "Can you say something about how you experience transporting patients where force has to be used to secure the patient during transport?". The answers were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis. Results We received eighty-five completed responses (response rate 21%). Force was used by 62 paramedics. Twenty-three left the text field open. The answers showed many unique responses. Content analysis resulted in two overarching themes; 1) lack of routines, equip- ment, and training regarding use of coercion and force in the ambulance service, and 2) paramedics were confronted with ethical dilemmas, alone and without support from legisla- tion or management. Conclusions The paramedics experienced discomfort related to the exercise of force and coercion during ambulance assignments due to the experience of unclear legislation, lack of training, rou- tines, and equipment in addition to frequent ethical dilemmas and the concern about lack of support from the employer. A clearer legal basis, adapted equipment in the ambulance and regular training, will contribute to greater security in the performance of the work, which will provide safer and more caring treatment for the patients and less moral stress for the staff. With established routines, the employer will be implicitly obliged, and paramedics will be safer in the performance of their work. Ethical reflection must be offered and put into a system.

• Vejrup, Kristine; Engel, Tim Niklas; Lillegård, Hanne Johansen; Strand, Sara; Stein, Linda Maria & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2024). Health Literacy and Health-Related Habits among Conscripts in the Norwegian Armed Forces—A Cross-Sectional Survey. Military medicine. ISSN 0026-4075. 190(7-8). doi: 10.1093/milmed/usae493. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction - Although health information is widely available to the Norwegian population a lack of health literacy is still common and considered a public health challenge. However, there is limited information on the health literacy of the adolescent population in Norway. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess health literacy and self-reported health habits among soldiers in basic military training, both in field, camp, and home settings. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate which health habits characterize soldiers with inadequate health literacy.<p> <p>Methods - An electronic questionnaire was sent out to conscripts who completed first-time military service in 2022 and was answered by 2,225 conscripts. Descriptive statistics were performed using cross-tabulations, correlations, and chi-squared tests. The survey is part of an internal quality study of the Norwegian Armed Forces routines. It is approved by the Norwegian Armed Forces joint medical services.<p> <p>Results - In the study population, 43% scored inadequate health literacy on the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-Q12 (HLS-Q12), and 57% scored adequate health literacy. We found a significant difference between those having inadequate and adequate HLS-Q12 scores in categories of self-rated health habits of oral health and diet with lower scores in the inadequate score group. The use of tobacco during field exercise in camp and at home was higher in the group of conscripts with adequate health literacy scores. The conscripts generally reported a lower standard of health habits during field exercises with significantly less brushing and flossing, higher use of tobacco products and higher consumption of energy drinks and sugary snacks compared to reported habits in camp and at home.<p> <p>Conclusion - The results from our study suggest that the conscripts in the Norwegian Armed Forces have a lower health literacy than the general population, and this is reflected in reported higher frequency of unhealthy habits in service settings than at home. The Armed Forces have an opportunity to take responsibility to optimize the health skills of their soldiers and to encourage them to make informed decisions about their own health. Improved adaptation to the national recommendations regarding nutrition, tobacco use, and oral health are areas having the potential to greatly improve the overall health habits of conscripts.

• Ulmner, Mattias; Bjørnland, Tore; Rosén, Annika; Berge, Trond Inge; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Lund, Bodil (2024). Evidence for minimally invasive treatment—A systematic review on surgical management of disc displacement. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. doi: 10.1111/joor.13661. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement (DD) has been established in different forms since over a century. Ther is a consensus to perform minimal invasive interventions as first-line surgical treatment since there are no evidence on best surgical practice yet. Objective The aim was to perform a complex systematic review (SR) on the topic—is there evidence for surgical treatment of TMJ DD? Methods The PICO was defined as DD patients (population), treated with different surgical interventions including arthrocentesis (intervention), compared with other or no treatment (control) regarding the outcome variables mandibular function, mouth opening capacity, TMJ pain, etcetera (outcome). For identification of prospective controlled trials and SRs, a search strategy was developed for application in three databases. Results The search yielded 4931 studies of which 56 fulfilled the stipulated PICO. Studies with low or moderate risk of bias were possible to include in meta-analyses. There were evidence suggesting arthrocentesis being more effective compared to conservative management (maximum interincisal opening (MIO): p < .0001, I2 = 22%; TMJ pain: p = .0003, I2 = 84%) and arthrocentesis being slightly more effective than arthrocentesis with an adjunctive hyaluronic acid injection (MIO: p = .04, I2 = 0%; TMJ pain: p = .28, I2 = 0%). Other treatment comparisons showed nonsignificant differences. The performed meta-analyses only included 2–4 studies each, which might indicate a low grade of evidence. Conclusion Although arthrocentesis performed better than conservative management the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and non-invasive management considered as primary measure. Still, several knowledge gaps concerning surgical methods of choice remains.

• Tangen, Marte Kvittum; Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Steen, Ingrid Lunde & Espnes, Ketil Arne (2023). Håndtering av antikoagulantia i tannlegepraksis. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Steen, Ingrid Lunde; Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Tangen, Marte Kvittum & Espnes, Ketil Arne (2023). Håndtering av antikoagulantia ved tannbehandling. Norsk tannlegeforening Tidende. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dahl, Anne Fykerud; Bergem, Anne Kristine; Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2023). Temporomandibular pain and quality of life assessment in adolescents in a Norwegian cohort. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. doi: 10.1002/cre2.733. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective The objective was to examine the prevalence of pain from the face and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and oral function in adolescents and contribute to more focus on this patient group. Methods A total of 957 adolescents were included in this study, in age cohorts 18, 16, and 14, scheduled for a dental recall examination. Clinical data were collected as a part of the routine clinical examination. All participants also answered a survey. Results Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. A significantly higher prevalence was found for females for all pain sites, and facial pain was significantly higher among the oldest. A reduced maximal incisal opening was significantly associated with higher reported facial/jaw pain, with increased mouth opening pain and chewing pain. Fifty-seven percent of the participants reported the use of nonprescription painkillers, highest among females, and in the oldest age cohort, mainly caused by nonfeverish headaches. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain, headache, pain intensity, and duration, pain upon oral function, and oral movement, as well as the use of nonprescriptive drugs. Females in the older age group, experience less quality of life in general, as they felt more worried, anxious, lonely, and sad, compared to males. Conclusion Facial- and TMJ pain was higher in females, and higher with increasing age. Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain.

• Giltvedt, KM; Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2020). Hvordan håndtere pasienter med økt blødningsrisiko. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 130, s. 318–324. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lund, Bodil Kristina; Ulmner, Mattias; Bjørnland, Tore; Berge, Trond Inge; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Rosén, Annika (2020). A disease-focused view on the temporomandibular joint using a Delphi-guided process. Journal of Oral Science. ISSN 1343-4934. 62(1), s. 1–8. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0128. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skjerven, Henrik; Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Rønold, Hans Jacob; Riis, Ulf Harald & Ellingsen, Jan Eirik (2019). Comparison of postoperative intraoral scan versus cone beam computerised tomography to measure accuracy of guided implant placement—A prospective clinical study. Clinical Oral Implants Research. ISSN 0905-7161. 30(6), s. 531–541. doi: 10.1111/clr.13438. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eliassen, Morten; Hjortsjö, Carl; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Bjørnland, Tore (2019). Self-exercise programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of TMD-related myalgia – Evidence-based medicine? Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. ISSN 0305-182X. s. 1–7. doi: 10.1111/joor.12856. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The low‐cost and reversible treatments concerning disorders of the masticatory muscles represent a vast array of regimens. Common treatments include information, stretching exercises, manual therapy, acrylic splints and cognitive behavioural therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence behind the use of self‐exercising programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of myofascial pain. Methods We conducted a thorough search of five databases, using four cardinal search terms in combination with twelve supporting terms. We also assessed the evidence quality, using GRADEpro software. Results The search resulted in 4967 individual studies. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were re‐evaluated. Conclusion The selected studies were in favour of a self‐care or an occlusal splint treatment of myalgia. However, a GRADE assessment showed that 14 of the 18 selected studies had low or very low evidence quality. Studies also showed weaknesses with regard to nomenclature and reproducibility. Hence, it is our professional opinion that the evidence level for prescribing self‐exercises and occlusal splints in the treatment of myalgia is low.

• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Bjørnland, Tore & Aas, Jørn Arne (2018). Is it possible to contaminate the temporomandibular joint by arthrocentesis? Oral Surgery. ISSN 1752-2471. 11(3), s. 183–188. doi: 10.1111/ors.12331. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Bacterial contamination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by needle penetration of the skin has previously been discussed as a contributing factor in joint arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in synovial fluid, and to detect any possible iatrogenic contamination during arthrocentesis of the TMJ in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Method: Synovial fluid (SF) and skin swab samples (before and after disinfection) were collected from 54 TMJs in 30 patients with TMJ arthritis. Bacterial detection and classification was performed using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Results: Bacterial DNA was detected in 31 joints (57%) in 19 patients (63%). In six 12 joints (20%) in six patients specific bacterial species were detected in both skin samples and in the TMJ, indicating a possible contamination. 22 different bacterial species were detected in synovial fluid from these six patients. Conclusion: Bacterial DNA in TMJ SF with contamination was detected in 20% of the patients. Studies are needed to evaluate the consequences of potential contamination with bacterial DNA in SF with regard to arthrocentesis and treatment of TMJ arthritis.

• Bjørnland, Tore & Olsen-Bergem, Heming (2017). Revmatoid artritt i kjeveleddet – nytt om etiologi og behandling. Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. 42, s. 76–82. doi: 10.18261/issn.2058-7538-2016-01-07. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Kristoffersen, Anne Karin; Bjørnland, Tore; Reseland, Janne Elin & Aas, Jørn Arne (2016). Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: Bacterial diversity in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in comparison with immunological and clinical findings. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 45(3), s. 318–322. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.986. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mo, Arild; Hjortsjø, Carl; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Jokstad, Asbjørn (2016). Maxillary 3-implant removable prostheses without palatal coverage on Locator abutments – a case series. Clinical Oral Implants Research. ISSN 0905-7161. 27(10), s. 1193–1199. doi: 10.1111/clr.12724. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Bjørnland, Tore & Reseland, Janne Elin (2015). Temporomandibular joint pain is negatively correlated to TNF alpha and osteoprotegrin content in synovial fluid in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome. doi: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000145. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement occurs in up to 80% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Little is known with regard to the complexity of the protein profile in synovial fluid (SF) from JIA arthritis during growth as compared to both JIA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of adults. Design: Synovial fluid was collected from 54 joints/30 patients with TMJ arthritis (JIA 35 joints/20 patients, JIA adults 9 joints/5 patients, RA 10 joints/5 patients). Three cytokines and seven bone markers were quantified using Luminex multiplex assays and compared to demographic and clinical data of function and pain. Results: Pain (spontaneous and upon palpation) and duration of pain were all negatively correlated with the TMJ SF content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The level of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was negatively correlated to TMJ pain upon palpation and post-treatment pain and function. The concentration of ACTH was significantly lower in SF in JIA (1.4 ± 2.8 pg/ml) compared to adults with JIA (4.7 ± 12.2 pg/ml) and significantly higher compared to adults with RA (0.8 ± 1.5 pg/ml). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was negatively correlated to spontaneous pain. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the local concentrations of TNF-α, ACTH and OPG in TMJ fluid may not contribute to TMJ pain and tissue destruction in JIA/RA patients. © 2014 Olsen-Bergem H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2014). A cohort study of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: outcome of arthrocentesis with and without the use of steroids. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 0901-5027. 43(8), s. 990–995. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.03.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lein, Ingvild Årøen; Støre, Geir; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Berge, Trond Inge (2012). Mjukvevskirurgi i allmennpraksis. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 122(9), s. 684–696. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øyri, Hauk; Skjelbred, Per & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2012). Botulinumtoksin - en oversikt over mulige bruksområder innen oral og maxillofacial kirurgi. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 122(7), s. 516–520. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L; Bergem, Heming Olsen; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Husby, Gunnar Andreas & Axell, Tonny (1999). Oral and ocular sicca symptoms and findings are prevalent in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Oral Pathology. ISSN 0300-9777. 28, s. 317–322. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aims of this study were to 1) examine the frequency of oral and ocular sicca symptoms in SLE patients 2) compare saliva and tear volume, salivary proteins, and features of the oral microflora and mucosa to a matched healthy control group 3) relate the findings to disease parameters. Median disease duration was 5.5 years (0.5-28), disease activity 5 (2-20), damage score 1 (0-7), and Schirmer I test 7.5 mm (0-30 mm). Seventeen and twelve patients complained of oral and ocular dryness, respectively. Unstimulated whole saliva and proline-rich proteins in submandibular saliva were significantly reduced in SLE. Oral microbial counts were generally higher in the patients and the number of oral mucosal changes was increased. The results show that sicca symptoms, although frequent, were not correlated to secretory rates of saliva or tears, but to oral microbial counts. There was no obvious correlation to patient's age, disease activity or duration.

• Pedersen, A.M.; Reibel, J.; Nordgarden, Hilde; Bergem, Heming Olsen; Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L & Nauntofte, Birgitte (1999). Primary Sjögren's syndrome: salivary gland function and clinical oral findings. Oral Diseases. ISSN 1354-523X. 5, s. 128–138. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Bjørnland, Tore (2021). Hematological considerations. I Bjørnland, Tore (Red.), Nordic Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762820128. s. 61–75. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Olsen-Bergem, Heming; Wilberg, Petter & Rønneberg, Anne (2018). Spesialister advarer mot urimelig og farlig praksis: Barn lider unødig når munnhelsen ikke ivaretas. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hva har tilstander som kreft, leddgikt eller overgrep mot barn med barns munnhelse å gjøre? Ingenting, vil mange hevde. Men det stemmer ikke, for dette er eksempler på sykdommer eller erfaringer som får store konsekvenser for barns munnhelse, og som i ytterste konsekvens kan resultere i død.

• Bergem, Heming Olsen (2013). intraarticular lavage and local steroid injections in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2013). MAY ARTHROCENTESIS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS PROVE TO BE AS GOOD AS INTRAARTICULAR GLUCOCORTICOID INJECTIONS? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørnland, Tore & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2012). Verdt å vite om implantatbehandling. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Effect of arthrocentesis and local steroid injections in the temporormandibular join in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Bjørnland, Tore & Herlofson, Bente Brokstad (2011). Implantatkurs basic. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen & Bjørnland, Tore (2011). Is arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis as good as intraarticular glucocorticoid injections? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Vinje, Odd & Bjørnland, Tore (2010). Effect of arthrocentesis and local steroid injections in the temporomandibular joint in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Knutsen, Bjørn Mork (2010). Oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Små doser, store snitt - oral kirurgi og røntgendiagnostikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2010). TSE modul 6 - Telemark. The best TSE ever! TTF-nytt. 30(4), s. 20–23. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Knutsen, Bjørn Mork & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2010). TSE Modul 6 Oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haanæs, Hans R & Bergem, Heming Olsen (2008). Kurs i oral kirurgi og oral medisin. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bjørnland, Tore; Møystad, Anne; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Knutsen, Bjørn Mork (2008). TSE Modul 6 - oral kirurgi og kjeve- og ansiktsradiologi. Fullt hus i Rogaland. [Journal]. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pedersen, Anne Marie; Nauntofte, Birgitte; Reibel, J.; Nordgarden, Hilde; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L (1998). Primary Sjögren's syndrome: salivary gland foci, salivary and oral findings. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The new European classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (1997) have been shown to have higher specificity when focus score ³1 (FS) and/or antibodies to SS-A/SS-B (AB) are present among at least 4 fulfilled criteria.The aim of this study was to compare salivary and oral findings in the following groups of patients. A: fulfilling 4 or more criteria including FS or AB, whereas B: fulfilling the Euro-pean criteria of 1993, but without FS or AB, and C: was healthy controls without sicca symptoms. Un-stimulated (UWS,mL/min) and chewing stimulated (SWS, mL/min) whole saliva, and stimulated paro-tid saliva (PS, mL/min) were collected. PS was analysed for proline-rich proteins (PRPs, *g/mL) and statherins (*g/mL) and for content of of Na+ and K+ (PNa+, PK+, mmol/L). Sicca symptoms (graded 0-3), DMFS, plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) scores were recorded. Results are given as means * SD. Group Age,yrs F:M UWS SWS PS PNa+ PK+ PRPs DMFS A 63.6 * 12 7:1 0.03* 0.03 0.59* 0.59 0.15* 0.18 5.2 * 3.7 34.7* 10.5 104.8 *68.5 98 * 3.8 B 59.1 * 13.8 7:1 0.07* 0.03 0.68* 0.32 0.28* 0.17 13 * 15.2 23.5* 14.9 110.0 * 75 56.6 * 29 C 50 * 10.4 13:1 0.44* 0.25 1.59* 0.48 0.49* 0.48 10.6 * 8.6 26.3 * 7 140.8 * 112 51 * 30.2 Group A generally had lower saliva secretory rates than group B (p<0.01 for UWS) and C (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in content of Na+, K+ and proteins in parotid saliva between groups. Group A had higher DMFS scores than group B and C (p<0.01). PI and GI did not differ significantly. Group A had more severe complaints of oral/ocular dryness than group B. Surprisingly, in healthy controls without sicca symptoms 2 persons had focus score >2. In conclusion, patients fulfilling the new European criteria including FS and/or AB had more severe sicca symptoms, lower saliva secretion and higher DMFS scores than patients not fulfilling these specific criteria.

• Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L; Bergem, Heming Olsen; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Husby, Gunnar Andreas & Axell, Tonny (1998). SLE: sicca symptoms and findings as related to disease activity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ocular and oral dryness are frequently described in SLE, and about 8-31% of SLE-patients reportedly have secondary Sjögren's syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate any relationship between ocular and oral sicca symptoms, saliva and tear secretion, and current disease activity. Patients fulfilling ARA classification criteria for SLE underwent a thorough medical examination within one week prior to the oral examination, including MHAQ, SF-36, SLEDAI- and damage scores and demographic data. The oral examination focused on collection of unstimulated and paraffin chewing stimulated whole saliva, citric acid stimulated parotid and submandibular saliva, microbial analyses and analyses of salivary proteins (reported elsewhere). Specific questions on oral and ocular dryness were asked (Arthritis Rheum 1993,36,340-7) and Shirmer I test was performed. The age span of the SLE-patients (n=20) was 18-78 years, other diseases and drugs known to influence salivary gland function were excluded. A healthy age and sex matched control group with no sicca complaints also underwent an oral examination. Results are presented as medians (with ranges), using non-parametric statistics. Median disease duration for SLE-patients was 5.5 years (0.5-28), disease activity 5 (2-20), damage score 1 (0-7), SF-36 physical 75 (20-100) and MHAQ 1 (1-2). Median salivary secretory rates of patients with SLE was lower than for healthy controls, significantly so for unstimulated whole saliva (0.24 versus 0.37 ml/ min). A total of 12 SLE patients complained of ocular dryness and 17 of oral dryness, 12 patients reported dryness from both eyes and mouth. Median Schirmer I test for SLE patients was 7.5 mm (0-30 mm). Disease activity was positively correlated to the use of drugs and fatigue, and negatively correlated to disease duration and patient's age. Sicca symptoms, although frequent, were not correlated to secretory rates of saliva or tears, but to oral microbial counts and to SF-36 physical. Tear production was negatively correlated to disease duration. In conclusion, no obvious relationship was found between sicca symptoms, saliva or tear production, and disease activity. Supported by the Norwegian Research Council (grants 107574/320, 110527/300)

• Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L; Bergem, Heming Olsen & Axell, Tonny (1997). Advanced secondary Sjögren's syndrome in two young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Axell, Tonny; Husby, Gunnar Andreas; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter & Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L (1997). Oral antifungal factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergem, Heming Olsen; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Axell, Tonny; Husby, Gunnar Andreas; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter & Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L (1997). Oral antifungal factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jensen, Janicke Cecilie L; Bergem, Heming Olsen; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Kvien, Tore Kristian & Axell, Tonny (1996). Salivary proteins in inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue disorders. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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