Siste publikasjoner

• Süslü, Safiyye; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Krüger, Tormod Bjartveit; Reseland, Janne Elin & Herlofson, Bente Brokstad (2026). Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer and osteoporosis patients: a retrospective seven-year single-center Norwegian cohort study of clinical profiles and documented soft tissue healing. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 85, s. 713–724. doi: 10.2340/aos.v85.46983. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To compare systemic profiles, oral findings, and documented soft tissue healing between cancer and osteoporosis patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Material and methods: This retrospective single-center cohort included 105 cases treated in 2013–2019 (56 cancer; 49 osteoporosis). Healing at last follow-up was analyzed using adjusted logistic regression and Firth sensitivity analysis. Results: Of 102 cases with known final status, 68 had documented healing. Osteoporosis cases were older, predominantly female, and had longer antiresorptive exposure than cancer cases (76.7 ± 11.1 vs. 70.0 ± 8.5 years; 102.5 ± 77.8 vs. 34.6 ± 28.5 months; both p < 0.001). Stage II predominated and Stage 0 was uncommon (3/105, 2.9%). Previous tooth extraction at the MRONJ lesion site was more frequent in osteoporosis (95.9% vs. 71.4%; p < 0.001). Surgical treatment was associated with higher healing odds (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 11.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.12 to 33.35; p < 0.001), whereas cancer indication was associated with lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.68; p = 0.011). Conclusions: Systemic profiles differed; oral patterns were similar. Non-random treatment and missing healing dates limit interpretation. Previous tooth extraction was the most frequent antecedent event; its indication and timing were unverified.

• Black, Charles S.; Kumar, Milen; Reyes, Renato Miguel; Leach, J. Kent; Lee, Mark A. & Haugen, Håvard Jostein [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Mesenchymal stromal cells in polytrauma: from immune dysregulation to therapeutic potential. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 14. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1892227. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Polytrauma, defined as life-threatening injuries to multiple organ systems with an Injury Severity Score greater than 16, presents significant challenges for fracture healing, with nonunion rates substantially higher than in isolated fractures. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and subsequent immune dysregulation characteristic of polytrauma create a hostile microenvironment that impairs normal bone regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; also termed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells) play critical roles in fracture healing through immunomodulation, osteogenic differentiation, and promotion of angiogenesis. However, emerging evidence suggests that MSC-mediated processes may be compromised in polytrauma settings. Importantly, direct evidence for endogenous MSC dysfunction in human polytrauma remains limited: much of the current understanding is inferred from isolated-fracture models, in vitro inflammatory-stimulation studies, and animal polytrauma systems rather than from controlled human trauma data. This review examines the mechanisms by which polytrauma is associated with disruption of MSC function, including altered macrophage polarization, excessive neutrophil activation, reduced regulatory T cell populations, and complement-mediated MSC injury. We synthesize the current understanding of MSC immunomodulatory effects in normal fracture healing and contrast this with their dysfunction in polytrauma, where MSCs adopt pro-inflammatory phenotypes and demonstrate impaired homing. Clinical applications of MSC-based therapies are discussed, including bone marrow aspirate concentrates and tissue-engineered constructs, alongside their potential for systemic immunomodulation in trauma patients. Throughout, we distinguish endogenous MSC behavior in polytrauma from exogenous MSC-based therapies, and we separate various MSC-based therapies as biologically and translationally distinct concepts. Finally, we outline critical knowledge gaps and propose future research directions, including development of representative polytrauma models, optimization of MSC delivery methods, and exploration of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as therapeutic alternatives to improve outcomes in polytraumatized patients.

• Reppe, Sjur; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras; Yu, Fangtang; Valland, Haldor; Gautvik, Vigdis Teig & Utheim, Tor Paaske [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Integrated analysis of human osteocyte lacunar ultrastructure and bone proteome profiling reveals coupling between immune and osteogenic signaling pathways. Bone. ISSN 8756-3282. 213. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2026.118077.
• Håkstad, Katrine; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Wigen, Tove Irene; Fegran, Liv & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes (2026). How physical and sexual abuse impacts oral health: a cross-sectional study from a Norwegian Children’s House. BMC Oral Health. 26. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09143-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Although the association between neglect and an increased risk of oral disease is well established, the independent association between physical or sexual abuse and oral health has been less extensively studied. This study explored oral health condition in children suspected of being exposed to physical or sexual abuse by examining the association between abuse type and caries experience and gingival condition. It also assessed whether these associations were modified by age, sex, and ethnicity. This cross-sectional study involved 328 children, aged 1–18 years, who underwent clinical forensic dental examinations at a Norwegian Children’s House (NCH) from 2017 to 2021 (n = 328) due to suspected physical or sexual abuse. Data were collected from forensic dental and medical records at the NCH and included data from extra- and intra-oral examinations accompanied by conversations with the children. Negative binomial and logistic regression were performed for unadjusted, adjusted, and stratified analyses. Data are presented as ratios of means (RMs) and odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sexually abused children had a higher mean number of decayed teeth (DT) (RM 1.99, 95%CI 0.99–4.02) compared with physically abused children. They also more frequently received toothbrushing assistance. When stratifying by sex and ethnicity, the results revealed that sexually abused males had a higher mean number of DT compared with physically abused males (RM 4.23, 95%CI 1.37–13.12). A similar association was observed in sexually abused Ethnic Norwegian children (RM 3.53, 95%CI 1.60–7.82). Gingival condition varied by age. Sexually abused children exhibited better gingival condition before the age of four compared with their physically abused peers, but these conditions deteriorated after the age of thirteen, where the results showed an opposite association. The findings indicated that oral health condition varied according to abuse type, with poorer oral health conditions among sexually abused children than those physically abused. These results, underscore the crucial role of forensic and dental professionals in identifying oral health conditions that may signal possible abuse.

• D'Antonio, Francesco; Flacco, Maria Elena; Manzoli, Lamberto; Samara, Athina & Khalil, Asma (2026). GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure in the periconceptional period and adverse obstetric outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med. ISSN 2666-6359. s. 101267–101267. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2026.101267. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses whether exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) during pregnancy or the periconceptional period is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies comparing pregnancies exposed and unexposed to GLP-1 RAs within 6 months before a positive pregnancy test. Outcomes included miscarriage, intrauterine death, congenital anomalies, preterm birth (PTB), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and excess gestational weight gain. Random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses by indication were performed. Findings Ten studies included 2,118,215 women, of whom 8,325 were exposed and 2,109,890 were unexposed. Pooled estimates did not show a clearly detectable increase in miscarriage or intrauterine death, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, HDP, gestational diabetes, abnormal fetal growth, or excess gestational weight gain. A lower pooled estimate for preeclampsia was observed (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.98; p = 0.02), but this was based on two datasets and should be interpreted cautiously. Subgroup analyses showed no clearly detectable differences by indication. The exposure-window sensitivity analysis, covering 90 days before conception through the end of the first trimester, used the same four studies as the primary congenital-malformation analysis and therefore was not independent. Conclusion Available observational evidence did not identify a clearly detectable increase in adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes following periconceptional exposure to GLP-1 RAs. However, these findings do not establish safety because of heterogeneity, residual confounding, and limited datasets.

• Fuhrer, Julian; Shadrin, Alexey; Hughes, Timothy; Parker, Nadine; Hindley, Guy Frederick Lanyon & Frei, Evgeniia [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Beyond exons: Linking noncoding heritability and polygenicity across complex human traits and disorders. American Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN 0002-9297. s. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2026.08.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aley, Melanie; Alibhai, Salima; Bloomfield-Gallie, Amanda; Dooley, Jamie; Rederiene, Gitana & Rogers, Adam Austin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). From margins to mainstream: reimagining oral health in integrated healthcare. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 7, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2026.1905156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Süslü, Safiyye; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Krüger, Tormod Bjartveit; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Reseland, Janne Elin & Eriksen, Erik Fink (2026). Oral findings and antiresorptive therapy exposure duration in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a cross-sectional cohort study. BMC Oral Health. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09735-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Oral findings are common among older adults, but it is unclear whether they vary with the duration of antiresorptive therapy (ART) exposure or relate to the severity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods In this cross-sectional cohort ( n  = 129), postmenopausal women undergoing osteoporosis assessment/follow-up were stratified by ART exposure duration: no current ART control (G1, n  = 50), short ART (G2, 3–5 years; n  = 39), and long ART (G3, > 5 years; n  = 40). The prespecified primary oral endpoint was any mucosal finding ( oral_mucosal_any ), defined as ≥ 1 prespecified mucosal lesion category at oral examination. The oral_mucosal_any endpoint was analysed by component to distinguish traumatic from non-traumatic mucosal findings. Secondary oral endpoints included tooth and molar counts, periodontal findings, and the number of mucosal lesion categories. Group differences were analysed using age- and BMI-adjusted regression (G1 reference). Secondary analyses compared oral findings across fracture-burden strata and hip BMD/T-score categories and evaluated whether oral variables improved discrimination for hip osteoporosis (total hip T-score ≤ − 2.5) beyond age, BMI, and ART group. Results Mucosal findings were common and non-monotonic across ART groups (G1: 52.0%, G2: 30.8%, G3: 52.5%). Among the 59 participants with any mucosal finding, traumatic changes were present in 43 (72.9%); in a mutually exclusive classification, 38 (64.4%) had traumatic-only findings. In age- and BMI-adjusted models, short ART was associated with lower odds of oral_mucosal_any versus controls (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.93; p  = 0.035), whereas long ART did not differ (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.38–2.33; p  = 0.894). Tooth and molar counts, periodontal burden, and non-traumatic mucosal findings showed no robust graded pattern with ART duration. Oral findings were broadly similar across fracture-burden strata and hip BMD categories. Adding total teeth and oral_mucosal_any increased apparent Area Under the Curve (AUC) for hip osteoporosis from 0.795 to 0.820, but optimism-corrected AUC changed only from 0.736 to 0.741 (corrected ΔAUC = 0.005). Conclusions In this cross-sectional cohort, common oral findings did not show a robust graded duration–response pattern across ART exposure groups and were not consistently associated with fracture burden or hip BMD strata. The broad mucosal endpoint was largely driven by common traumatic findings and should be interpreted as a clinically pragmatic but biologically heterogeneous endpoint. Oral variables added negligible optimism-corrected discrimination beyond age, BMI, and ART group.

• Torgersen, Gerald; Winsnes, Karianne Ervik; Handal, Trude; Diep, My Tien; Ørstavik, Dag Solmund & Sunde, Pia Titterud (2026). Open‐Weight Deep Learning for Periapical Index Scoring: Training and Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Models Based on Three Distinct Architectures and an Ensemble Approach. International Endodontic Journal. ISSN 0143-2885. doi: 10.1111/iej.70268. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim This study aimed to (i) train and compare three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for Periapical Index (PAI) scoring on intraoral radiographs, and (ii) assess whether an ensemble of these models improves performance compared with any single architecture. Methods A dataset of 17,549 apex‐centred image clips extracted from intraoral radiographs was annotated by a calibrated observer (KW) with PAI scores (1–5) and used to train three CNN architectures (ResNet50, EfficientNet‐B3 and ConvNeXt‐Tiny) for PAI scoring. The image clips were split 80/20 into training and validation sets, and model selection was based on validation performance of quadratic weighted kappa (QWK). The three CNN models were combined into an equal‐weight soft‐voting ensemble model, and all four models were evaluated on an independent balanced test set of 200 images (40 per PAI score). QWK was used as the primary outcome metric, and bootstrapping was used to estimate the confidence intervals (CIs). The PAI scale was dichotomized into healthy (PAI 1–2) and diseased (PAI 3–5), and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and F1 score were calculated. Results The ensemble model achieved the highest performance with a QWK of 0.79 on the test set, followed by EfficientNet‐B3 (QWK = 0.77), ResNet50 (QWK = 0.76) and ConvNeXt‐Tiny (QWK = 0.70), with overlapping confidence intervals (CIs). For the binary PAI classification, the performance of the three CNN models and the ensemble model was comparable. The ensemble model achieved the following results: accuracy 86%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 90%, PPV 93%, NPV 78% and F1 score 0.88. Conclusion Optimization and evaluation of three CNN models and an ensemble model for PAI scoring showed comparable performance on both the five‐class PAI scale and the binary PAI scale on an independent test set. The ensemble model did not show statistically significant improvement over the three individual CNN architectures. The AI models trained and tested in this study are made open‐source under the open‐source MIT licence.

• Arqub, Sarah Abu; Venugopal, Adith; Dellinger, Aron; Varghese, Joseph; Cornelis, Marie A. & Fleming, Padhraig S. [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). World Federation of Orthodontists Global Guidance on patient instructions and emergency protocols: A consensus framework for safe, patient-centered orthodontic care. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. ISSN 2212-4438. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.07.002.
• Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Klepaker, Ingrid Volden; Wigen, Tove Irene; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari & Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa (2026). Development of a nomogram for prediction of occlusal dentin caries in Norwegian children at risk: a 36-month follow-up study. BMC Oral Health. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-09819-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a nomogram predictive model for occlusal dentin caries development on first permanent molars (FPMs) over 36 months in children at risk in Norway. Methods For a practice-based split-mouth randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03315312, retrospectively registered in October 2017) comparing effectiveness of caries control methods (fissure sealants versus fluoride varnish), children aged 6 to 10 years considered at high caries risk (D3MFT/d3mft > 0) were recruited by calibrated dentists and dental hygienists during routine examination in the public dental service and monitored for 36 months. Outcome was development of occlusal dentin caries lesion on FPMs. Data on biological predictors were collected at baseline by clinicians. Data on behavioral predictors were collected using a questionnaire for parents. Clinical predictors included clinic’s county, whether the participant was followed up by the same clinician and caries control method. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression model was used to select relevant predictors and develop a nomogram for predicting dentin caries development. Results Of 330 participants, 174 (51.7) were boys. The Lasso logistic regression selected four predictors, d3mft at age 5 years, occlusal surface baseline status, caries control method, and use of fluoride toothpaste, which were used to construct a nomogram. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62–0.77), and Concordance Index was 0.68 (95% CI 0.60–0.76) in the training set and 0.67 (95% CI 0.59–0.74) in the validation set. The calibration belt indicated good calibration of the model (p > 0.05). Conclusion In this study, based on 36-month follow-up data in children at risk, we have developed and internally validated a nomogram to predict dentin caries on occlusal surfaces of FPMs. The findings suggest that nomogram approach may be a useful visual aid in clinical practice to facilitate informed decision-making; however, external validation in a large cohort study, transportability and applicability to different settings are needed

• Esposito, Alessio; Fortunato, Gabriele Maria; Stasi, Mauro Di; Fradinho, Ana C.; Pacetta, Guglielmo & Soriano, Maria Grazia [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). A Biomimetic Eye In Vitro Model to Investigate the Blood-Retinal Barrier Pathophysiology. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6c00764. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Existing in vivo models for retinal pathologies are costly, time-consuming, and subject to regulatory challenges, promoting interest in advanced in vitro models that replicate the blood-retinal barrier. Challenges related to vascularization and structural multiscale interactions hinder the development of in vitro models, which are useful to study nutrient and drug exchange between the retina and systemic circulation. To address these issues, we developed a blood-retinal barrier in vitro model for studying retinal pathophysiology. It features an electrospun scaffold (Bruch’s membrane) placed between a culture chamber (vitreous humor) and a bioinspired microfluidic network (choroidal vasculature). The network, modelled from indocyanine green angiography of the human retina, is laser-engraved into a 15 mm PDMS disc with channels 70–800 μm wide. PLGA and gelatin electrospun scaffold were investigated to mimic Bruch’s membrane. The scaffold is fixed to the microfluidic network, assembled into a culture chamber, and integrated within a bioreactor. A peristaltic pump ensures a consistent flow in the channels. Biological validation included ARPE-19 cells cultured on Transwell, PLGA, or gelatin membranes, HUVECs within membrane-coupled microchannels, and dual-layer constructs. Cells were examined separately and together, allowing evaluation of epithelial, endothelial, and construct responses. All configurations showed progressive increases in metabolic activity and limited LDH release over 28 days. Cell-seeded constructs reduced FITC–dextran transport relative to acellular controls, with stable values between days 21 and 28. Blank-corrected TEER likewise increased during ARPE-19 culture and plateaued by day 21. PLGA constructs showed the greatest electrical and solute-transport resistance, although acellular controls confirmed a substantial material contribution. Confocal microscopy demonstrated HUVEC attachment and F-actin organization along the microchannels, while ARPE-19 monolayers exhibited continuous junction-associated ZO-1 staining that remained stable between days 21 and 28. Overall, the platform supported long-term epithelial–endothelial culture and provided a stable, perfusable system for studying oBRB transport and cellular interactions.

• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Boberg-Ans, Lars Christian; Fineide, Fredrik Andreas; Allen, Richard Cutler; Bohman, Elin & Tønseth, Kim Alexander [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Contemporary Concepts and Techniques for Scar Minimization in Direct Brow Lift: A Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 15(12), s. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124445. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Despite the rise of endoscopic approaches, the direct brow lift remains one of the most effective procedures for correcting brow ptosis for both functional and cosmetic indications. It continues to offer superior control when correcting brow shape, height, and asymmetry. However, visible scarring remains a concern. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize recent evidence on strategies that minimize visible scarring in direct brow lift surgery. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve English-language publications from the past decade, discussing scar-minimization strategies in direct brow lift. A total of 124 records were identified through database searches in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase. Records were screened manually according to predetermined criteria, and those not in English, not addressing scarring, or not focused on direct brow lift were excluded. After this process, ten publications were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Results: The qualitative synthesis of all included publications (together comprising data on approximately 900 patients) revealed several strategies for scar minimization. (1) Incision beveling: A shallow cranially directed bevel between 20° and 45° preserves brow hair follicles and allows hair regrowth through the scar, providing natural camouflage. (2) Undermining: Gentle subcutaneous undermining in a limited 1–2 cm field, while preserving subcutaneous fat, allows tension-free advancement and maintains brow volume. (3) Periosteal suspension: Anchoring the mobilized brow flap to the frontal periosteum redistributes tension away from the dermal closure, maintaining elevation and improving scar quality. (4) Layered closure: Two- or three-layered wound closure with deep dermal anchoring and fine everting skin sutures minimizes dermal traction and scar widening. (5) Adjunctive measures: Evidence for topical silicone gel was inconclusive, whereas postoperative laser therapy and perioperative neuromodulator use demonstrated improved scar appearance. Across studies, outcomes were consistent, with high patient satisfaction, inconspicuous scars in over 85% of cases, and low complication or revision rates. Conclusions: Direct brow lift has historically been criticized for conspicuous scarring, contributing to the popularity of endoscopic techniques. Nevertheless, the traditional direct brow lift remains a fundamental skill in the oculofacial plastic surgeon’s armamentarium, offering unmatched accuracy in brow repositioning, reliability, and symmetry. Contemporary evidence demonstrates refinements that can markedly minimize scar visibility. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis allow us to continue to refine and improve our techniques to minimize scarring in direct brow lift to the benefit of our patients.

• Saiz, Augustine Mark; Jamous, Reem; Stötzel, Sabine; Rahmati, Maryam; Holmboe, Leonard Volrath & Johnson, Soren [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Limited Added Effect of Proline‐Rich P6 Peptide to Cross‐Linked Hyaluronic Acid After Partial Lateral Meniscectomy in Sheep. Smart Medicine. ISSN 2751-1863. 5(4). doi: 10.1002/smmd.70048. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study evaluates whether a proline‐rich P6 peptide provides added benefit to a cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel after partial lateral meniscectomy‐associated osteoarthritis‐like change in sheep. The corrected four‐group framework includes Intact no‐surgery/no‐injection reference knees ( n  = 7) and 16 surgically injured knees from eight sheep assigned to Mnx (meniscectomy only, n  = 4), Mnx + HA ( n  = 6), or Mnx + HA + P6 ( n  = 6). Mnx + HA and Mnx + HA + P6 knees received intra‐articular injections at Weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4. Osteochondral tissues were evaluated at Week 12 by microCT, H&E scoring, and histochemical/immunohistochemical image analysis. Endpoint‐specific animal‐ or knee‐level models were used, with sheep identity included as a random effect when estimable. HA‐based treatment was associated with favorable trabecular microCT patterns after meniscectomy. However, the primary Mnx + HA + P6 versus Mnx + HA contrast was not significant for percent trabecular bone volume/BV/TV (+1.52 percentage points; 95% CI −2.22 to 5.26; p  = 0.427). Histology and IHC/histochemical findings showed selected exploratory tissue‐pattern signals, including collagen‐associated matrix staining, but did not establish consistent peptide‐specific superiority. These findings support cross‐linked HA as an intra‐articular biomaterial platform while defining requirements for confirmatory HA‐peptide hydrogel studies.

• Haugen, Håvard J.; Gjesdal, Sindre Kim; Kalonda, Don B.; Perale, Giuseppe & Rossi, Filippo (2026). A critical translational review of smart, bioinspired and multifunctional regenerative biomaterials for oral implant-site repair. Discover Materials. doi: 10.1007/s43939-026-00926-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract This critical translational narrative review evaluates smart, bioinspired and multifunctional biomaterials for oral implant-site repair. The review addresses a specific translational problem: regenerative materials must stabilise a defect, support vascularised bone and soft-tissue healing, interact appropriately with host immunity and microorganisms, and remain manufacturable, sterile, affordable and regulatorily tractable. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched through 30 April 2026 using standardised database-specific update strings. The searches retrieved 765 records; 346 unique records remained after deduplication, and 106 records were retained after application of the eligibility filters and included in the final synthesis. Eligibility criteria, evidence appraisal and author-consensus procedures are reported explicitly. The evidence is organised into five functional classes: structural, bioactive, responsive/adaptive, multifunctional and patient-specific systems. A defect-based clinical algorithm then links containment, vascularity, mechanical demand, wound closure and patient risk to material selection. Established grafts and membranes remain the clinical reference for many indications, but they are not intrinsically smart. Growth-factor carriers, platelet products, hyaluronic acid, enamel matrix derivative, antimicrobial and osteoimmunomodulatory systems, biofunctionalised surfaces, cells, genes, three-dimensional/four-dimensional constructs and peptide-functionalised materials are assessed according to distinct mechanistic, animal, human and routine-use evidence. The most credible next-generation products are not those with the greatest number of components, but those that solve a defined failure mode while preserving manufacturing control and clinical usability. Translation therefore depends on reproducible production, sterility assurance, release and degradation specifications, shelf life, regulatory classification, cost, reimbursement and comparative benefit within realistic surgical workflows.

• Jamous, Reem; Nysæther, Ingvild; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Fredriksson, Malin Vestin & Ellingsen, Jan Eirik [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Multi-Scale Assessment of Scaffold-Guided Regeneration in Human Extraction Sockets Using an Ultra-Porous TiO₂ Biomaterial. Acta Biomaterialia. ISSN 1742-7061. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2026.08.041. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Ultra-porous TiO₂ scaffolds are architected non-degradable ceramic graft substitutes, but human evidence relating their structural integration to local tissue maturation remains limited. This exploratory study assessed scaffold-associated healing in a prospective clinical cohort registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06269497; 10 patients, 11 treated sites). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based segmentation at baseline and follow-up was used to quantify changes in bone volume, radiographic low-density/non-mineralized volume, and radiographically detectable scaffold volume. Eleven scaffold-associated specimens were examined using non-decalcified histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry; nine were retrieved at approximately 6 months, one at 4 months, and one at 9 months. CBCT showed within-site increases in bone and total tissue volume and a reduction in radiographically detectable scaffold volume. Histology showed extensive pore colonization by osteoid-rich tissue, localized mineralization, and limited residual cartilage, consistent with ongoing but incomplete matrix maturation. Normalized RunX2 showed a positive exploratory association with absolute bone volume change, whereas associations with osteocalcin were uncertain and endpoint-dependent. CD206/CD68 and the vessel-to-osteoid ratio were more closely associated with low-density/non-mineralized volume outcomes than with bone-volume change. Osteoclast-associated variables were evaluable in only four sites and were interpreted descriptively. These findings are exploratory and do not establish causality or comparative efficacy, but they characterize tissue-scaffold interactions during human extraction-socket healing.

• Saanum, Mariann; Storå, Bent Schøgren & Willumsen, Tiril (2026). Oral health status and treatment needs among adults seeking dental anxiety treatment in general practice - a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 85, s. 520–527. doi: 10.2340/aos.v85.46516. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vårum, Vegard Berg; Vandevska-Radunovic, Vaska & Pullisaar, Helen (2026). Orthodontic emergencies in a postgraduate clinic: a retrospective analysis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 85, s. 574–574. doi: 10.2340/aos.v85.46620. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the frequency, causes, and temporal distribution of orthodontic emergencies at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oslo. Methods: All appointments coded as emergencies from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed and manually screened. Emergencies were classified into three categories: (1) during active treatment, (2) during retention, and (3) miscellaneous. A negative binomial generalized linear regression model was used to assess annual and monthly variations. Chi-square tests for independence were applied to analyze relationships between age group and year, gender and year, and reason for emergency. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 7206 records screened, 3592 met the inclusion criteria, involving 1657 patients – 685 males (41.3%) and 972 females (58.7%). The mean number of emergencies per patient was 2.2, with no significant year-to-year variation in gender distribution. The most common age groups were 10–14 years and over 20 years. Annual emergency numbers ranged from 313 in 2015 to 638 in 2022, with statistically significant variation. Monthly variation was also significant, with July consistently having the fewest emergencies (p < 0.001). Most emergencies occurred during active treatment (n = 2021), followed by the retention phase (n = 1353), and miscellaneous reasons (n = 218). The most frequent causes were issues related to full fixed appliances and fixed retainers. Conclusions: No consistent pattern of orthodontic emergencies was observed, indicating that operator experience, the stage of postgraduate training, and seasonal fluctuations are likely the key influencing factors

• Wesseltoft-Rao, Nima; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Olsen-Bergem, Heming & Vejrup, Kristine (2026). Health literacy, dietary behavior and body mass index in male and female Norwegian conscripts. A cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health Research. ISSN 2279-9028. 15(3), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/22799036261461038. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Health literacy (HL) is an important determinant of health behaviors, including diet. In military populations, optimal nutrition is critical for physical performance, readiness, and long-term health. In Norway, first-time military service provides a unique opportunity to influence young conscripts’ health habits. This study investigates the relationship between HL and dietary patterns, body mass index (BMI), and meal adherence among Norwegian conscripts, with an emphasis on potential sex differences. Study Design A cross-sectional study. Methods This cross-sectional study included Norwegian conscripts completing first-time military service. HL was measured using the validated HLS-Q12 instrument. Dietary behaviors, meal patterns, and BMI were assessed using self-reported questionnaire data. A digital questionnaire was sent to Norwegian conscripts completing their first-time military service in 2022 (n=9,991). A total of 2,225 conscripts consented to participate in the study. The survey assessed dietary habits across different military settings, self-reported diet quality, and HL using the HLS-Q12 tool. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Pearson correlation to explore associations between HL, diet, and BMI. Results Significant associations were observed between HL and several dietary variables; however, most associations were weak in magnitude. Higher HL was associated with more regular meal patterns and better self-reported diet quality. Additionally, differences between sexes were observed, but effect sizes were generally small. More than half of conscripts had an adequate HL, with males scoring significantly higher than females. Conscripts with adequate HL were more likely to rate their diet as good, follow meal recommendations, and maintain a normal BMI. However, no significant association between HL and BMI was found in the total population; differences appeared in sex-stratified analyses, among female conscripts. Independently of HL, unhealthy snacking and high-sugar drink consumption were more common during field training, whereas conscripts with inadequate HL (iHL) reporting higher sugary snack intake at home. Adequate HL was weakly but significantly correlated with higher self-reported diet quality, more frequent adherence to regular meals, and lower sugary snack consumption. This could mean that HL was associated with self-reported dietary intentions but not outcomes like BMI. Conclusions HL may be associated with dietary behaviors among conscripts. However, given the weak associations and study limitations, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Although more than half of the conscripts had adequate HL, iHL was prevalent among Norwegian conscripts. Poorer self-reported diet quality and lower adherence to regular meal patterns is associated with iHL, particularly during field training. No significant associations was found between HL and BMI. The findings suggest a need for tailored education to improve HL and behavior change, to promote healthier dietary habits during military service.

• Demir, Ali Aslan; Combriat, Thomas Michel Daniel; Heyward, Catherine Anne; Tiainen, Hanna; Carlier, Aurélie & Dysthe, Dag Kristian (2026). A cellular automaton model of osteogenic differentiation reveals identifiability limits of endpoint assays. Frontiers in Systems Biology. 6. doi: 10.3389/fsysb.2026.1872774. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Standard differentiation assays sample cell states only at discrete time points, while the underlying progression unfolds continuously and heterogeneously across cells. As a result, different combinations of proliferation, commitment, and maturation dynamics can converge to similar endpoint measurements. This many-to-one mapping between latent trajectories and observable readouts constitutes a partially observed inverse problem that limits mechanistic interpretation. Although this ambiguity is inherent to many experimental systems, it is rarely examined using models that connect cell-state dynamics to assay-level quantities. Methods We present OsteoMin, a coarse-grained cellular automaton that links stochastic transitions between pre-osteoblast and osteoblast states to experimentally measurable readouts of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen deposition, and mineralization. Model parameters were constrained using literature-reported kinetics and evaluated against dexamethasone and menaquinone-4 perturbations. The framework enables systematic analysis of how cell-state progression, matrix maturation, and external perturbations shape differentiation outcomes. Results OsteoMin reproduces qualitative assay trends and quantifies the identifiability limits of endpoint assays. Distinct perturbation families often produce similar endpoint responses (macro-F1 ≈ 0.42$), indicating limited discriminative power. Incorporating temporal trajectories improves separability (macro-F1 ≈ 0.78$), demonstrating that most identifiable information resides in marker dynamics rather than terminal measurements. Sobol analysis shows that early markers depend on proliferation timing, whereas late mineralization is governed by nonlinear matrix maturation and parameter interactions. Discussion These results show that endpoint assays constrain overall progression but do not uniquely identify underlying mechanisms. OsteoMin provides a framework linking differentiation dynamics to assay observables and a basis for assessing identifiability in endpoint-driven systems.

• Moghanian, Amirhossein; Kizilkurtlu, Ahmet Akif; Pazhouheshgar, Arang; Esfahani, Mohammad Nasr; Akpek, Ali & Marovic, Danijela [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Bioactive glasses as reactive biomaterials: Dissolution-driven structure–function relationships and predictive modelling. Acta Biomaterialia. ISSN 1742-7061. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2026.08.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bioactive glasses (BGs) are reactive biomaterials whose biological effects arise from dissolution: ion exchange, pH evolution, surface-layer formation and calcium phosphate precipitation. Their performance is therefore shaped not by nominal composition alone, but by glass structure, processing, crystallinity, surface area, form factor, medium and test protocol. This critical narrative review reframes BG bioactivity as a time-resolved structure–dissolution–function problem and examines which predictive claims are currently justified. We distinguish direct BG evidence from mechanistically relevant non-BG glass studies and modelling examples from adjacent fields. We discuss how network connectivity, Qⁿ speciation, phosphate and borate structure, modifier identity, structural heterogeneity and accessible surface area govern ion release, pH, surface-layer evolution and mineralisation. Silicate, borate/borosilicate, phosphate-based and sol–gel/mesoporous systems are compared as distinct dissolution programmes rather than fixed bioactivity labels. Atomistic simulations are considered useful sources of structural descriptors when checked against experimental dissolution and biological data. Across these systems, ion-release profiles, pH and supersaturation trajectories, mineralisation kinetics, cytocompatibility windows, antimicrobial or angiogenic cues and mechanical retention can only be interpreted when exposure protocols are reported. Current modelling evidence is strongest for physicochemical outputs, particularly dissolution and ion release under defined conditions. Predicting pH, mineralisation, and cell response requires measured exposure variables, biological metadata, and external validation; in vivo performance remains indirect without paired datasets. We conclude that progress depends less on more complex models than on better-reported experiments, clear uncertainty and cautious claim boundaries.

• Rosenqvist, Marija Plahter; Dunkel, Kristina; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras; Planke, Sverre; Polteau, Stephane & Ardit, M. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Natural CO<inf>2</inf>sequestration: mechanisms and conditions of carbonate precipitation in basalt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. ISSN 0016-7037. 427, s. 381–402. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2026.07.013. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vandevska-Radunovic, Vaska (2026). Periodontal and pulpal tissue reactions after tooth transplantation: A narrative review. Seminars in orthodontics. ISSN 1073-8746. doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2026.07.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Tooth autotransplantation is a biologically based and cost-effective surgical procedure in which a tooth is repositioned within the same individual, offering a valuable alternative to prosthetics or implants, particularly in growing patients. Modern protocols, developed through advances in surgical techniques, imaging, and case selection, have significantly improved predictability and success rates. This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on periodontal and pulpal healing following autotransplantation, with emphasis on biological mechanisms and factors influencing clinical outcomes. Periodontal healing depends largely on preservation of periodontal ligament vitality and stem cells, enabling regeneration and functional integration. Revascularization, increased dentin formation and obliteration of the pulp are favourable for survival of the transplant, although complete histological restoration is rare. In general, immature teeth demonstrate superior regenerative capacity compared to mature teeth, but complications such as root resorption and ankylosis remain challenges in both instances. Radiographic evaluation provides limited insight during early healing stages, highlighting discrepancies with histological findings. In conclusion, successful autotransplantation relies on careful case selection, atraumatic technique, and biological preservation, though further human-based research is needed to clarify healing mechanisms and optimize long-term results.

• Hlinková, Jana; Huo, Yiru; Sukul, Mousumi; Lewis, David J.; Reseland, Janne Elin & Haugen, Håvard Jostein [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Dual-crosslinked chitosan nanofibres - Balancing mechanical enhancement with cytotoxic risk. Biomaterials Advances. ISSN 2772-9516. s. 215050–215050. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2026.215050. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study evaluated the effects of dual-crosslinking strategies on the mechanical performance and biocompati- bility of chitosan-norbornene (Chi-NB) nanofibres for tissue reconstruction. Chi-NB, bearing 28.6 ± 1.4 mol% alkene groups, was processed into nanofibres via solution blow spinning. Dual crosslinking was conducted by photo-initiated thiol-ene crosslinking with dithiothreitol (DTT), achieving >95% norbornene conversion with minimal thiol oxidation, followed by exposure to tannic acid (TA). Structural and chemical validation was per- formed using SEM, NMR, XPS, FT-IR, and tensile testing. In vitro, unmodified fibres supported robust cell viabil- ity, however, TA/DTT-modified fibres caused up to 15-fold higher LDH release at low seeding-densities, mirrored in indirect conditioned medium exposure, implicating cytotoxic leachates. Confocal imaging confirmed cell ad- hesion and cytoskeletal organisation whereas transcript analysis revealed altered expression of genes related to stress response, metabolism, growth, and differentiation. Overall, TA/DTT crosslinking improved nanofibre me- chanical properties but introduced bioactive residues, highlighting the need for post-processing and seeding den- sity optimisation. These findings support the translational potential of Chi-NB scaffolds in skin and neural tissue engineering, but future refinements are required for these applications.

• Pullisaar, Helen & Vandevska-Radunovic, Vaska (2026). Fixed or Removable? An Evidence-based Narrative Review of Orthodontic Retainer Selection and Clinical Considerations. Seminars in orthodontics. ISSN 1073-8746. doi: 10.1053/j.sodo.2026.06.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gul, Abdulaziz; Papia, Evaggelia; Eqtesadi, Siamak; Anderson, Magnus; Becktor, Jonas P. & Steyern, Per Vult von (2026). Effect of Implant Design on Fracture Resistance, Mode, and Crystal Structure of One- and Two-Piece Zirconia Implants With Ceramic or Titanium Abutment Screws: An In Vitro Study. Clinical Oral Implants Research. ISSN 0905-7161. doi: 10.1111/clr.70149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skallevold, Hans Erling; Hol, Caroline & Wigen, Tove Irene (2026). Tilsynelatende intakt melkemolar med apikal periodontitt – dens invaginatus påvist med mikro-CT ex vivo | Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 136, s. 384–387. doi: 10.56373/69dcc7251034d. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende – Tilsynelatende intakt melkemolar med apikal periodontitt – dens invaginatus påvist med mikro-CT ex vivo

• Martina Žigante; Vandevska-Radunovic, Vaska & Špalj, Stjepan (2026). Protocols and trends in maintaining the stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes in Croatia over 10 years: A repeated cross-sectional study. Acta Stomatologica Croatica. ISSN 0001-7019. 60(2), s. 184–196. doi: 10.15644/asc60/2/3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: The aim was to analyze current orthodontic retention protocols in Croatia and their trend over a 10-year period. Subjects and Methods: In a repeated cross-sectional survey, questionnaires were distributed to 150 orthodontists in Croatia in 2013 and 185 of them in 2023 (representing 69% and 85% of practicing orthodontists with response rates of 61% and 75%). Results: Significant changes in retainer types across different malocclusions and treatment protocols were observed over a 10-year period. There was an increase in the use of VFR and a decrease in acrylic retention plates in both jaws (p≤0.001). Over the decade, the use of only fixed retention in the mandible declined from 20% to 7% (p=0.007), and the combination of fixed and removable retention in the maxilla dropped from 29% to 17% (p≤0.033). Increased use of removable retainers was noted in cases involving rotations, open bites, and extractions. Conversely, fixed-removable retainers were more frequently used in spacing cases (p≤0.001). There was a trend toward fewer check-ups (p=0.001) and toward increased patient self-monitoring (p=0.021). Personal experience as the primary reason for choosing a retention protocol increased from 39% to 62% (p<0.001). Additionally, the use of written information on retention rose from 39% to 69% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Retention practices in Croatia have evolved over the past decade, characterized by increased use of VFRs, more frequent implementation of dual retention in the mandible, and greater provision of written retention information. Additionally, follow-up protocols have shifted toward fewer scheduled visits, with increased emphasis on patient self-monitoring.

• Håkstad, Katrine; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Wigen, Tove Irene; Fegran, Liv & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes (2026). Mapping orofacial signs of child abuse in children referred to a Norwegian Children's House. Child Abuse & Neglect. ISSN 0145-2134. 178. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108167. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Child physical and sexual abuse frequently involves the orofacial region, yet comprehensive forensic mapping of both traumatic and nontraumatic orofacial signs in children referred due to suspected abuse remains limited. Objective To comprehensively map extraoral and intraoral signs in children referred for forensic dental examination due to suspected physical or sexual abuse, describing injury types, anatomical distribution, and nontraumatic oral health findings across abuse types. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 362 children aged 1–18 years referred to a Norwegian Children's House, an interdisciplinary forensic assessment center for children, between 2017 and 2021. Extraoral signs were identified through combined forensic dental and medical records, while intraoral signs were identified through dental examinations. Orofacial signs were classified as traumatic injuries or non-traumatic findings. Analyses were conducted at both case level (presence/absence) and the injury count level (number and anatomical distribution of injuries), stratified by suspected abuse type. Results Intraoral signs were identified in 76.1% of the children, and 45.6% had extraoral signs. Most children were aged 6–11 years (56.1%). Extraoral injuries were more common among children with suspected sexual abuse (40.7%) than among those with suspected physical abuse (34.4%), whereas intraoral injuries were similar (≈19%). Dental trauma accounted for nearly three-quarters of all intraoral injuries and was more frequent among physically abused children. Nontraumatic intraoral findings were common in both groups (∼63%), with poor oral hygiene and untreated caries occurring more often in the physical abuse group. Stress-related findings, such as tooth wear and headache, were slightly more common among children with suspected sexual abuse. Conclusions Children referred for forensic evaluation due to suspected abuse frequently presented with traumatic and nontraumatic orofacial signs. The integration of forensic dental and medical examinations strengthens the identification of head and neck injuries and highlights the pivotal role of dental professionals in multidisciplinary child protection.

• Samara, Athina & Khalil, Asma (2026). Moving beyond associations: The role of mechanistic evidence in prenatal paracetamol safety. Med. ISSN 2666-6359. 7(6), s. 101142–101142. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2026.101142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Prenatal paracetamol safety has been debated due to inconsistent observational findings and inherent confounding. Here we argue that epidemiology alone cannot resolve biological plausibility. Human-relevant mechanistic models, including organoid and microphysiological systems, can complement population studies by testing causal pathways, refining interpretation, and enabling integrated evidence triangulation to better inform clinical guidance. Med home. Opens in new tab

• Rubenis, Kristaps; Vecstaudza, Jana; Ma, Qianli; Zaldenieks, Markuss; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Loca, Dagnija [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Fabrication of macroporous amorphous calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds by pressure-driven sintering at sub-zero temperature using ice microspheres as space holders. Materials & design. ISSN 0264-1275. 267. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116312. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Controlled porosity in pressure-assisted sintered ceramics can be introduced using space holders, which are subsequently removed by heat or dissolution. For some materials, such as the biomaterial amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which can be pressure-sintered at room temperature but is sensitive to heat and moisture, finding a suitable space holder is challenging. Here we report that under a uniaxial pressure of 1500 MPa, ACP can be densified to more than 94% of its true density at ∼ -50 to −40 °C, allowing the use of solid substances at sub-zero temperatures as space holders. ACP samples compacted at 1500 MPa at sub-zero temperature had slightly lower density, and their Vickers hardness, biaxial flexural, and splitting tensile strengths reached approximately 80% of those compacted at room temperature. Nevertheless, their mechanical properties were similar to those reported for conventionally sintered hydroxyapatite. Ice microspheres were successfully used as space holders. However, due to crack formation, the highest splitting tensile strengths were exhibited by scaffolds fabricated at 190 and 500 MPa, rather than at 1500 MPa. The feasibility of using ice particles for the fabrication of porous scaffolds was also demonstrated using an alternative method, freeze isostatic pressing, and was shown in other bioceramic systems.

• Lauretis, Angela De; Santacroce, Marco; Wang, Qiang; Ramirez, Manuel; Ma, Qianli & Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Combined Chemical and Mechanical Debridement Enhances Salivary Protein Removal from Titanium while Maintaining Biological Properties. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01973. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Effective decontamination of dental implants is essential for managing peri-implant diseases, yet its impact on the salivary pellicle and cell response remains unclear. As the pellicle mediates bacterial and host cell interactions, investigating how decontamination alters its composition is key to understanding the effects on biological outcomes. Accordingly, we examined how a Poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel, a P407 + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) hydrogel, a titanium brush, and their combinations influence the adsorbed salivary proteins and cell adhesion on OsseoSpeed-like titanium surfaces. Surfaces with salivary proteins were treated with different decontamination methods and re-exposed to saliva. Protein quantity was measured using the BCA assay, while the proteomic composition and molecular functions of the adsorbed proteins were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gene ontology analysis. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) adhesion was assessed on the surfaces, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using an LDH assay. Protein-coated and protein-free surfaces served as controls. Although protein levels were consistent across groups after either decontamination or recontamination, each treatment produced a different proteomic profile. Mechanical decontamination, alone or combined with chemicals, enhanced protein removal efficiency. Combined treatments yielded reduced protein diversity following recontamination and enriched adhesion-related proteins. None of the treatments compromised hBMMSC adhesion nor made the surface cytotoxic. Decontamination methods selectively modify the proteomic profile. Combined chemical and mechanical decontamination promotes the removal of salivary proteins and limits their readsorption while preserving cytocompatibility, supporting their relevance to peri-implant health.

• Islam, Md Monirul; Põld, Ave; Janssen, Jip; Németh, Orsolya; Listl, Stefan & Grytten, Jostein Ivar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Factors Influencing the Inter-Country Movement Intentions of Future Dentists in Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 1687-8728. 2026(1). doi: 10.1155/ijod/6636193. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bleka, Øyvind; Khare, Parul; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Siddharth, M.; Rastogi, Pooja & Kopperud, Simen (2026). Comparing an Indian dataset with BioAlder using Demirjian’s staging of the third molar. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. 140, s. 3057–3066. doi: 10.1007/s00414-026-03828-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lakshmi, A. Maha; Kumari, Kusum; Rao, P. Venkateswara; Madaboosi, Narayanan; Chitra, S. & Özcan, Mutlu [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Luminescent mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles: Samarium-doping for enhanced bone regeneration, antibacterial activity, and bioimaging. Biomaterials Advances. ISSN 2772-9516. 187. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2026.214944. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Developing multifunctional bioactive materials capable of promoting bone regeneration while enabling real-time monitoring remains a significant challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, samarium (Sm3+)-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sm-MBGNs) were successfully synthesized via a sol-gel method assisted by a microemulsion process to enhance both biological functionality and imaging capability. The incorporation of Sm3+ ions into the silicate network was systematically investigated, revealing improved structural and textural properties, including high specific surface area and well-defined mesoporosity. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated through simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion, where hydroxyapatite formation was observed and confirmed using physicochemical and structural analyses. The evolution of the apatite layer was also monitored through photoluminescence emission, indicating the potential of Sm-MBGNs for fluorescence-based bioactivity tracking. Cytocompatibility assessed using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells via MTT assay, along with hemolysis studies, demonstrated good biocompatibility. The samples exhibited noticeable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus based on inhibition zone measurements. Overall, the results suggest that Sm-MBGNs possess promising bioactivity, antibacterial behavior, and luminescent properties, indicating their potential as multifunctional materials for bone regeneration and bioimaging applications, although further quantitative validation is required.

• Rubenis, Kristaps; He, Xin; Demir, Öznur; Fu, Zhaoyue; Sigurjónsson, Ólafur Eysteinn & Hildebrand, Torben [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate for upcycled bone repair: An In-Vivo study. Materials Today Communications. 53. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115391. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Critical-sized bone defects require grafting materials that support early osteogenesis and predictable defect bridging. In this study, we evaluated eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) granules in a rat calvarial defect model and compared them with ACP obtained from commercial hydroxyapatite (HAp) and with cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel alone. Eggshell-derived and HAp-derived ACP were synthesized by the same dissolution–precipitation route, using formulations previously characterized in detail for composition, amorphous phase stability, and in vitro bioactivity. Bilateral 5 mm calvarial defects in rats were filled with HA gel (INT/HA), HA + HAp-derived ACP (Control ACP), or HA + eggshell-derived ACP (Eggshell ACP). Grafts were mixed immediately before implantation using a dual-syringe system. Bone regeneration at 2 and 4 weeks was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histology. Both ACP-containing groups enhanced bone volume fraction and reduced trabecular separation compared with HA alone, particularly in the central region of the defect. Eggshell ACP promoted more consistent defect bridging, with a continuous lamellar bone-like layer and more mature collagenous and mineralized tissue at the bone–graft interface. Within the limitations of a non-load-bearing small-animal model, these findings indicate that eggshell-derived ACP combined with HA supports early bone regeneration and exhibits higher osteogenic activity than HA alone and HAp-derived ACP, warranting further investigation as a bone graft candidate.

• Alzoubi, Fawaz M.; Altemimi, Aseel; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras & Yilmaz, Burak (2026). Microcomputed tomography analysis of marginal adaptation and internal fit of zirconia frameworks with direct-to-abutment connections using a deep learning artificial intelligence model. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print). ISSN 0022-3913. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.04.032. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Statement of problem Despite the increased use of direct-to-abutment connections for implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses (ISFCDPs), limited evidence exists regarding marginal adaptation and internal fit, 2 parameters critical for biomechanical performance. Purpose This study evaluated the marginal adaptation and internal fit of zirconia frameworks with direct-to-abutment connections compared to conventional titanium base (Ti-base) connections. A novel method for internal fit assessment using a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model was also introduced, and level of agreement with traditional measurements was assessed. Internal fit was compared across the 3 designs using both traditional and AI-derived measurements. Material and methods Zirconia specimens (n=24) were allocated to 3 groups: frameworks with Ti-base and regular screws (n=8), frameworks fabricated direct-to-abutment with regular screws (n=8), and frameworks fabricated direct-to-abutment with modified screws (n=8). Each specimen underwent microcomputed tomography scanning before and after thermomechanical aging (TMA) to assess internal fit and marginal adaptation. A deep learning-based AI segmentation model was developed using an image processing software program and achieved a final validation loss below 0.01, corresponding to a Dice Similarity Coefficient greater than 0.95. This metric indicates high spatial overlap and robust segmentation of the gap and abutment regions. Volumetric measurements were obtained for 1 straight and 1 angled transmucosal abutment per specimen. Specimens were subjected to 1.2 million loading cycles at 90 N, followed by repeated measurements. Ninety-six sites were evaluated before and after TMA. Two measurements each for straight and angled abutments for the 3 designs were averaged and difference scores were calculated as post-TMA minus pre-TMA values. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied because of heterogeneity of group variances. Post hoc Mann–Whitney U tests, intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were conducted (α=.05). Results Significant differences in marginal adaptation among the 3 groups were identified before and after TMA. The Ti-base group demonstrated significantly superior marginal adaptation compared to both direct-to-abutment groups at both time points (z=3.36, P<.001). Significant differences in internal fit were also observed among the 3 groups before and after TMA. Ti-base group showed significantly improved internal fit relative to both direct-to-abutment groups (standardized Mann–Whitney z values ranged from 3.15 to 3.36, P<.001). Intraclass correlations revealed a significant level of agreement between standardized measurements obtained using conventional and AI-based methods (P<.001), and Bland-Altman plots provided support for concurrent validity of the AI-derived measures of internal fit. Conclusions Ti-base connections in ISFCDPs demonstrated superior marginal adaptation and internal fit compared to direct-to-abutment connections. Both connection designs achieved clinically acceptable internal fit values. For marginal adaptation, the direct-to-abutment regular screw group exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold of 120 µm. A significant level of agreement was found between standardized traditional and AI-derived measurements of internal fit. Bland-Altman plots supported the concurrent validity of the deep learning AI model.

• Eckhoff, Tonje Moen; Mauland, Erik Klepsland; Verket, Anders & Melbye, Elisabeth Lind (2026). Reliability and Construct Validity of a Questionnaire for Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Implant Dentistry. Clinical Oral Implants Research. ISSN 0905-7161. doi: 10.1111/clr.70110. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of a questionnaire assessing patient-reported outcomes following dental implant rehabilitation. Material and Methods A questionnaire was mailed to patients 8 years posttreatment to assess experiences with dental implant therapy, including satisfaction, oral function, perceived pretreatment information and complications. Patients completed the questionnaire again during a clinical examination. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations (CITC), while test–retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct-related validity was examined through associations between questionnaire domains and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) measured by OHIP-14. Results A total of 206 patients completed the questionnaire twice. For individual items, ICCs ranged from 0.39 to 0.75 and CITCs from 0.39 to 0.66. The full questionnaire had an alpha of 0.78 and an ICC of 0.78. Construct-related validity was supported through associations between the questionnaire domains patient satisfaction, pretreatment information and the OHIP-14 sum scores. Conclusions The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, good test–retest performance, and reasonable construct validity.

• Moghanian, Amirhossein; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Marović, Danijela & Safaee, Sirus (2026). Role of strontium incorporation on the structural network of 45S5 bioactive glass: A molecular dynamics investigation. Materials Today Communications. 52. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115131. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Procházková, Petra; Parobková, Viktória; Hildebrand, Torben; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras; Vrlíková, Lucie & Buchtová, Marcela [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Contrast Agents and Sample Preparation Strategies for Soft Tissue Imaging in X-ray Computed Microtomography: Review and Experimental Validation in Mouse Tissues. Tomography of Materials and Structures (JTMS). 11. doi: 10.1016/j.tmater.2026.100086. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an effective technique for non-destructive high-resolution imaging of mineralized tissues; however, imaging of soft tissues is challenging due to their inherently low X-ray attenuation and poor contrast. Therefore, their visualization in absorption micro-CT requires the use of contrast agents (CA) such as iodine-based solutions, osmium tetroxide, phosphotungstic acid, and other polyoxometalates. The aim of this review is to outline the individual steps of sample preparation before micro-CT measurement, such as fixation, dehydration, and contrast enhancement of soft tissues, and summarize the most commonly used CAs in ex vivo visualization. In addition to the literature overview, we conducted comparative staining experiments on mouse organs using several widely applied CAs, with the aim of illustrating practical outcomes and challenges. Based on both the data published and our test results, we recommend the most suitable CAs for different tissue types, with emphasis on minimizing tissue damage and deformation, and devote particular attention to applications in mouse embryos.

• Larsen, Tor Håkon; Rajkumar, Jenny; Pedersen, Torbjørn Østvik; Skarstein, Kathrine; Hol, Caroline & Isaksen, Vidar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Quality of life, patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes following temporomandibular joint arthroplasty in two University Hospitals in Norway: A 5-year retrospective evaluation. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. ISSN 1010-5182. 54(7). doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2026.104562. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study aimed to evaluate quality of life (QoL), patient satisfaction and clinical treatment outcomes five years after temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroplasty with or without interpositional graft. The oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) and the oral health impact profile-temporomandibular disorder-22 (OHIP-TMD-22) questionnaires, satisfaction scores, pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) and maximal incisal opening (MIO) were evaluated in 42 patients (females 81 %). In total 62 % arthroplasties were successful. Success rate alone for MIO was 90 % and for VAS-pain 68 %. Most patients (59 %) were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. There was a significant difference in median total postoperative OHIP-TMD-22 score between the successful group (44.0) and the failure group (72.0) (p < 0.001), in the overall pre- (p = 0.014) and postoperative (p = 0.001) total OIDP-score, and between pre- and postoperative score in the successful group (p = 0.001) but not in the failure group alone. Complications occured such as temporal facial nerve damage after the use of temporalis fascia grafting, or unilateral open bite after the use of fat/dermis-fat graft. TMJ arthroplasties with or without interpositional graft significantly improved QoL, satisfaction, function and pain in patients with TMJ ankylosis. Careful consideration is advised when evaluating young patients for TMJ surgery with previous invasive treatment, high preoperative OIDP-score and rheumatic disease.

• Småland-Reksten, Agnes; Agger, Anne Eriksson; Lian, Aina-Mari; Reseland, Janne Elin & Krüger, Tormod Bjartveit (2026). Bisphosphonate and statin: adverse effects of co-medication on wound healing in in vitro models of periodontal tissues. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 85, s. 125–133. doi: 10.2340/aos.v85.45585. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Agger, Anne Eriksson; Hlinkova, Jana; Reseland, Janne Elin & Samara, Athina (2026). 3D models for oral inflammation using gingival fibroblasts, lipopolysaccharides and hypoxia | Scientific Reports. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47648-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models that more faithfully recapitulate human tissue architecture are essential to advance mechanistic insight into inflammatory diseases. We developed and characterized a 3D human gingival fibroblast spheroid-system to dissect the combined effects of hypoxia and inflammation, two central features of host–pathogen interactions in periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Using controlled oxygen environments and stimulation with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β, we show that hypoxia alone markedly alters spheroid morphology, producing smaller aggregates with thinner rims, while the combination of hypoxia and inflammation yields the most prominent structural disruption. Cross-section analyses reveal condition-dependent remodeling of extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization, with coordinated reductions in fibronectin, collagen I/III, integrin β1, and filamentous actin. Gene expression profiling confirms suppression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related and adhesion genes under hypoxia and combined stress, whereas secretome analysis demonstrates robust upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNFα) and angiogenic VEGFα. Despite these marked structural and immunological shifts, cell viability remained largely preserved. This 3D system captures key features of fibroblast responses to inflammatory and hypoxic cues, providing a human-relevant platform for studies of tissue remodeling, cytokine signaling, and microenvironmental stress relevant to host–pathogen–driven disease.

• Altemimi, Aseel; Alzoubi, Fawaz; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras & Yilmaz, Burak (2026). Screw preload analysis of direct-to-abutment connections in complete arch zirconia frameworks before and after thermomechanical aging. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print). ISSN 0022-3913. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.03.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Statement of problem Direct-to-abutment connections have been increasingly used for implant-supported fixed complete dentures (ISFCDs). However, the biomechanical performance of these connections and their screws under simulated clinical conditions has not been adequately investigated. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the reverse torque values (RTVs) of ISFCDs connected to transmucosal abutments with and without the use of a Ti-base interface before and after thermomechanical aging (TMA). In addition, the study aimed to compare RTV according to the implant position and location (straight anterior and angled posterior) within each group. Material and methods Zirconia frameworks (N=24) for restorations supported by 4 implants were divided into 3 groups: frameworks with Ti bases and regular screws, direct-to-abutment frameworks with regular screws, and direct-to-abutment frameworks with modified screws. All frameworks were 3-dimensionally designed and subtractively manufactured. The RTVs of screws and preload efficiency (PE) were measured after tightening the screws. The frameworks were subjected to 1.2 million cycles at 90 N, 2 Hz with a dwell time of 30 seconds between 5 °C and 55 °C in distilled water with a total of 12 000 thermal cycles. RTV and PE measurements were repeated after TMA. Paired comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni adjustment were used to evaluate RTV and PE loss after TMA. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences in preload loss between straight anterior and angled posterior abutments in each design. The Cohen r was used to estimate effect sizes for all group comparisons (α=.05). Results Before TMA, the median RTV was 13.3 Ncm, and the median PE was 88.3%. After TMA, the median RTV was 11.5, and the median PE was 76.7%, with significant loss of preload across the entire sample (z=6.06, P<.001). However, the Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the losses were not significantly different between the standard Ti-base connection and either the direct-to-abutment connection with regular screws (P=.518) or the direct-to-abutment connection with modified screws (P=.664). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between abutment positions in the Ti-Base connection with regular screws (P=.880) or between abutment positions in the direct-to-abutment connection with modified screws (P=.363). However, comparison of direct-to-abutment connections revealed significantly greater losses in angled posterior abutments with regular screws (z=−2.25, P=.025). Conclusions No significant differences in RTV and PE were observed between Ti-base and direct-to-abutment connections before and after TMA. Modified screw designs did not significantly affect preload before TMA in direct-to-abutment connections. However, they significantly minimized preload loss after TMA in angled posterior abutments only in the direct-to-abutment connection compared with that with regular screws in the Ti-base and the direct-to-abutment connections using regular screws.

• Badian, Reza; Sundling, Vibeke; Jensen, Janicke Liaaen; Hynne, Håvard; Tashbayev, Behzod & Hove, Lene Hystad [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Sex as Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in a Cohort of Norwegian 65-year-Olds: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical Ophthalmology. ISSN 1177-5467. 20, s. 1–15. doi: 10.2147/opth.s556305. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the loss of ocular surface homeostasis, causing discomfort and ocular symptoms. Higher age, female sex, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) are some of the reported risk factors for DED. However, age-specific studies of DED are rare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DED and MGD in a cohort of Norwegians in their mid-60s. Additionally, to investigate potential sex-related differences in the prevalence of DED and MGD. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 137 demographically homogeneous Norwegian residents of Oslo in their mid-60s was recruited. Participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) dry eye symptom questionnaire and underwent clinical dry eye examinations. DED was defined as OSDI ≥ 13, accompanied by fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) < 10s and/or ocular surface staining (OSS) ≥ 1. The presence of MGD was defined as a score of 1 for both meibum quality (MQ) and meibum expressibility (ME) or a score > 1 for either MQ or ME. Results: The overall prevalence for DED was 20.4% [95% CI: 14.0 to 28.2], and for MGD was 90.5% [95% CI: 84.3– 94.9]. No significant sex differences were observed for either condition. MGD was highly prevalent among both DED and non-DED participants: all individuals with DED (n = 28) had MGD, while among those without DED (n = 109), prevalence was 88.1% (males: 85.7%; females: 90.0%). No significant correlation was found between MGD and sex (rs ([137] = [0.075], p = 0.413). In the whole cohort, OPI and FBUT correlated positively with ME (rs ([132] = [0.437] and rs ([132] = [0.296], both p < 0.001) and negatively with OSS (rs ([132] = [− 0.315] and rs ([132] = [0.423], both p< 0.001) and lid margin abnormality (rs ([130] = [− 0.222], p = 0.011; rs ([132] = [0.234], p = 0.007). FBUT correlated also positively with tear production (rs ([128] = [0.308], p< 0.001). A more frequent use of topical ocular lubricant was found among females (p = 0.043). In the symptomatic group, females had significantly lower OPI and FBUT values (p = 0.046 and 0.027, respectively). Among symptomatic participants, categorized as mild (OSDI 13– 22), moderate (OSDI 23– 32), and severe (OSDI 33– 100), only in the severe group did females show higher OSDI scores (p= 0.042) but lower OSS (p= 0.031) compared to males. Conclusion: In this cohort of Norwegians in their mid-60s, DED and MGD were highly and equally prevalent among both sexes. The high prevalence of these conditions underscores the need to raise awareness of DED and MGD within the young elderly population.

• Reese, Jan-Ole; Lund, Ingrid Maria Castro; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Saragliadis, Athanasios; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter & Linke, Dirk (2026). A dual-loop chemostat to investigate multi-species biofilms on implant surfaces under adjustable flow conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology. 17. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1751315. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Natural biofilms are typically composed of a mix of different microbial species and are often exposed to strong shear forces resulting from liquid flow. Simple biofilm models that attempt to study biofilms are based on a single species and on static growth conditions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a modular dual-loop reactor that decouples bacterial cultivation from hydrodynamic exposure, enabling independent control of nutrient availability (and thus, cell density) and flow rate (and thus, shear stress). Importantly, the system allows for testing different surface materials in a systematic manner. To validate our setup, we used a community of six keystone members of oral biofilms in conjunction with titanium materials of defined roughness that mimic dental implant surfaces. We found that biofilm mass, robustness, and species distribution not only differ significantly between static and dynamic growth conditions, but also vary strongly with different flow velocities. The biofilms formed under flow could be separated into two fractions, one that washed away very easily, and a more robust, basal layer. At low shear forces, overall biofilm mass was the highest, but at the expense of biofilm robustness. At medium shear forces, the robust fraction of the biofilm had the highest relative content of extracellular matrix. At the highest flow rates, the biofilm mass was low, but late colonizers (represented by the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ) had the lowest relative abundance. This is in accordance with the concept that high flow of saliva reduces the risk of oral disease. Future applications of our system will include the systematic testing of antimicrobial coatings or surface design effects under defined flow regimes, opening the path toward better medical implants.

• Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Skovlund, Eva; Santervas, Leonor Roa; Kersten, Hege; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Association Between Anticholinergic Burden and Dry Mouth Severity in Acutely Ill Older Adults. Drugs & Aging. ISSN 1170-229X. 43(4), s. 361–371. doi: 10.1007/s40266-026-01286-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Dry mouth is a common and burdensome condition in older adults and its severity may increase with use of anticholinergic medications. The aims were to describe anticholinergic medication use among acutely ill older adults, examine the association between anticholinergic burden and dry mouth severity using the composite Dry Mouth Severity Points (DMSP) measure and investigate whether the association differs by sex. Methods: Patients ≥70 years admitted to Oslo municipal inpatient acute care unit were eligible. Anticholinergic burden (ACB) was assessed using the ACB calculator and classified as 0, lower (ACB = 1-2) or high (ACB = ≥ 3). Dry mouth severity was quantified with DMSP, range 0-4, assigning one point for each indicator above cut-off: General Xerostomia Question ≥ 3, Summated Xerostomia Inventory ≥ 11, Clinical Oral Dryness Score ≥ 6 and unstimulated whole saliva secretion rate ≤ 0.1 mL/min. Associations were examined with ordinal logistic regression. Results: Of 382 examined patients, 256 (mean age 84 ± 7 years, 70% women) had complete data. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] ACB score was 2.0 (1.7); 18% had ACB = 0, 50% had ACB = 1-2 and 32% had ACB = ≥ 3. DMSP scores of 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 were present in 29%, 36%, 23% and 12%, respectively. Compared with patients with ACB = 0, those with ACB = 1-2 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-3.97) and ACB = ≥ 3 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.09-4.63) had higher odds of more severe dry mouth. Women had significantly higher ACB and DMSP scores than men. Conclusions: Even lower anticholinergic burden was associated with greater dry mouth severity, highlighting the need for early recognition and proactive management in acutely ill older adults.

• Haugen, Håvard J.; Javed, Ayesha; Anwar, Nilab; Amiry, Zahra; Par, Matej & Tarle, Zrinka [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Bioactive restorative materials in dentistry: state of the art and clinical translation. Dentistry Review. 6(2). doi: 10.1016/j.dentre.2026.100165. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective Bioactive restorative materials offer the potential to support remineralization and reduce caries; however, their clinical translation remains limited. This narrative review critically evaluates the current landscape of bioactive restoratives, focusing on material composition, in vitro performance, biocompatibility, and the extent of clinical validation. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed® and Google Scholar®, covering publications from 2000 to 2024. The search terms included 'bioactive restorative materials', 'bioactive glass', 'Cention N', and 'Activa BioACTIVE'. Out of 1245 records screened, 149 studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical) met the inclusion criteria. Only English-language peer-reviewed articles were included. Results Bioactive glass (BAG)-based fillers consistently show ion release, local pH elevation, apatite formation, and antibacterial effects in laboratory studies. However, clinical trials remain limited in number, short, and methodologically varied. Cention N demonstrates acceptable outcomes in cervical restorations, while Activa BioACTIVE presents inconsistent clinical results despite bioactive claims. Comparative data with conventional composites are scarce. Significance While in vitro data are promising, current clinical evidence shows no clear long-term superiority of bioactive restoratives.

• Abdallah, Mariam Mohamed Reda H H; Koldsland, Odd Carsten; Bhatta, Laxmi & Sen, Abhijit (2026). Body mass index, physical activity, and severe periodontitis– a cross-sectional HUNT4 Oral Health Study. BMC Oral Health. 26(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-07882-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ma, Qianli; Staudigel, Katrin Anja; Rubenis, Kristaps; Fu, Zhaoyue; Hildebrand, Torben & Zaldenieks, Markuss [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Sustainable Eggshell-Based Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds and Membrane Protein Hydrogel for Regeneration in Rabbit Femoral and Calvarial Defects. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c25453. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Critical-sized bone defects require grafts with ideal spatial supporting. We upcycled eggshell waste sustainably into porous amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) scaffolds and evaluated their early bone-regeneration performance alone and in combination with flexible and bioactive adjuncts in vivo. ACP scaffolds with ∼60% porosity were fabricated by pressure-densification, using ice microspheres as space holders. Before implantation, ACP scaffolds were vacuum-infiltrated with a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel to minimize internal voids. Bilateral critical-size femoral and calvarial defects were created in New Zealand White rabbits and reconstructed with one of four treatments: (1) Sham, (2) ACP scaffold (ACP), (3) ACP infused with HA hydrogel containing a proline-rich peptide P2 (ACP + HA/P2), or (4) ACP infused with HA/P2 supplemented with soluble eggshell membrane proteins (prepared by our lab, ACP + HA/P2 + SEPs). After 6 weeks, micro-CT and histology were performed. All ACP-containing groups showed greater defect filling and mineralization than the Sham group. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that ACP + HA/P2 + SEPs achieved the highest bone volume and trabecular number and the lowest trabecular separation. Histology confirmed more extensive mineralized collagenous deposition on ACP scaffolds and a more integrated bone–material fusion zone in this group. In femoral defects with graft displacement, ACP scaffolds induced cortical–scaffold bone bridging within the marrow, most evident with SEPs. Eggshell-derived ACP scaffolds, particularly when paired with SEP-enriched HA hydrogel, enhance early regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. Upcycling the inorganic and organic constituents of eggshell waste yields a complementary, single-origin biomaterials package for sustainable bone repair.

• Santervas, Leonor Roa; Skovlund, Eva; Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Ringstad, Ingrid Beate; Fjeld, Katrine Gahre & Hove, Lene Hystad [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Collaborative medication reviews during acute primary care admissions for older adults with polypharmacy: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing. ISSN 0002-0729. 55(2). doi: 10.1093/ageing/afag029. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moghanian, Amirhossein; Haugen, Håvard J. & Marović, Danijela (2026). From atomic scale to biological performance: the role of magnesium in solubility of the network and bioactivity of 45S5 Bioglass®. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. ISSN 0022-3093. 680. doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.124046. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Understanding the multiscale structural behavior of magnesium-doped 45S5 bioactive glasses (BGs) is essential for optimizing their performance in tissue engineering and bone regeneration. In this study, eight compositions (45-M0 to 45-M20) with 0-20 mol% MgO were investigated using a combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experimental analysis. The MD results showed that network connectivity (NC) increased from 1.926 in 45-M0 to 1.953 in 45-M5, and then to 2.035 in 45-M20. The ion clustering (R-factor) analysis showed that the most homogeneous cation distribution occurs in the 45-M5 compound, which exhibits the lowest Ca–Ca and Mg–Mg aggregation. The experimental results also confirmed the MD predictions: ICP-AES analysis after 24 hours of immersion in SBF solution showed that 45-M5 had the most balanced ion release and pH change. FE-SEM images also confirmed the uniform and rapid formation of the hydroxyapatite layer in this compound. Taken together, the 45-M5 compound offers an optimal balance between network stability and bioactivity, and was introduced as an optimal MgO content for tissue engineering and bone regeneration applications, and can pave the way for the development of a new generation of tunable BGs.

• Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Sanz, Javier; Perale, Giuseppe; Saiz, Augustine Mark; Romandini, Mario & Rahmati, Maryam (2026). Bone Grafts: Everything You Need to Know. Journal of Periodontal Research. ISSN 0022-3484. doi: 10.1111/jre.70087. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bone substitute biomaterials have become a sine qua non in periodontology and implant dentistry; however, the ideal material choice remains controversial. In this review, we examine natural grafts (autograft, allograft, xenograft) and synthetic grafts (alloplasts, composites, CAD‐CAM personalised materials), comparing them across the triad of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. After a thorough presentation of current classification, properties, and mechanisms of action of the various bone grafts, we outline their clinical applications across different indications and discuss future directions in the field. Autografts provide living cells and influential inductive factors, but at the expense of donor‐site morbidity and rapid, unpredictable resorption. Processed allografts and xenografts provide reliable osteoconduction and volumetric stability with reduced inductive potential. Modern alloplasts (β‐TCP, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass) achieve outcomes comparable to those of natural grafts in selected indications, particularly for space maintenance. Composite strategies, which blend small fractions of autogenous chips with slowly resorbing xenografts or alloplasts and are protected by membranes or meshes, enhance contour stability in sinus floor elevation as well as in lateral and vertical bone augmentation (i.e., guided bone regeneration). In periodontal regeneration of intra‐bony and furcation defects, non‐autogenous bone grafts are added to biologics (e.g., enamel matrix derivatives, platelet concentrates) when space maintenance is needed. Bone substitute materials represent the gold standard for socket preservation, while their adjunctive benefits in peri‐implantitis reconstructive surgery remain limited. CAD–CAM patient‐specific scaffolds and peptide‐modified matrices may enhance fit and handling, but they face challenges related to cost, manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles. The main barriers to translation include batch‐to‐batch variability, regulatory heterogeneity, and limited long‐term safety data. Bioactive glasses are also promising, as they simulate native mineral and do not exhibit unfavourable resorption characteristics, especially when strontium is added or when they are used in combination with platelet concentrates. They, however, remain costly and have long manufacturing times, requiring strict quality control. Cost‐effectiveness remains decisive: indeed, only grafts that offer procedural savings through faster healing and fewer reinterventions are likely to be widely adopted. The future of bone grafts lies in precision biomimetics that integrate intelligent drug delivery, personalised design, and rigorous quality control, promising to extend clinical outcomes beyond the traditional autograft paradigm.

• Sahoo, Rajashree; Sanket, A. Swaroop; Pattnaik, Ananya; Pany, Swarnaprabha; Pradhan, Sanghamitra & Pati, Sanghamitra [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Designing of Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Journal of materials chemistry. B. ISSN 2050-750X. 14(9), s. 2733–2773. doi: 10.1039/d5tb02507a. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The porous structure of the scaffolds influences the biological and physicochemical activities in the tissue regeneration process. The porosity also allows better distribution of nutrients and diffusion of biological fluids thereby dispersing the seeding material uniformly. The tissue regeneration or healing process of the damaged tissues sometime slows down and, in some tissues, it is not possible to heal. The accumulation or functionalization of different biomolecules in porous scaffold enhances the biomimetic property. In this review, the importance of designing porous scaffold and their fabrication process by using various traditional, advanced and combinatorial techniques have been discussed. Furthermore, specific applications for tissue regenerative ability in damaged tissues like bone, cartilage, trachea, skin, nerve, retina, cardiac, pancreatic, breast, GI tract, hepatic, kidney and reproductive tissues have been discussed in detail.

• Troha, Lara; Šraj, Borut; Par, Matej; Simeon, Paris; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Tarle, Zrinka [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Filler amount influences long-term mechanical stability of experimental dental composites. Dental Materials. ISSN 0109-5641. 42(6), s. 1020–1030. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2026.02.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives This study evaluated the influence of real-time vs. accelerated aging protocols on the mechanical properties of experimental dental composites with varying filler contents, focusing on flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and microhardness (MH). Methods Five Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-based composites containing Ba-glass microfillers and silica nanofillers with total filler amounts (wt%) of 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 were prepared. Rectangular specimens (n = 20, 16x2x2 mm) were subjected to three real-time aging durations: 24-hour, 4-month, and 12-month water storage, or two accelerated aging conditions: 4-month water storage followed by 10,000 thermal cycles, and 4-month water storage followed by 10,000 thermal cycles and 5-day ethanol immersion. FS and FM were determined using three-point bending, and MH by the Vickers test. Fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and the fractographic quantification was performed using R-based image analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Filler content and aging significantly influenced all properties. FS was unaffected by filler content until thermal cycling caused its deterioration in highest filled composites, while FM and MH increased with filler content (p < 0.05). Ethanol exposure transiently increased FS but reduced FM and MH (p < 0.05). After 12 months, all groups showed moderate decrease in FM, FS, and MH, with higher filler content showing the highest values (p < 0.05). Significance Real-time aging for 12 months resulted in lower FS, FM, and MH values than any of the accelerated aging protocols tested, except for FS of higher filled materials exposed to thermal cycling.

• Xu, Chun; Chen, Yuan; Romandini, Mario; Haugen, Håvard Jostein & Ivanovski, Sašo (2026). Nanoparticles in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Journal of Periodontal Research. ISSN 0022-3484. doi: 10.1111/jre.70075. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ABSTRACT Recent advances in nanotechnology are reshaping the landscape of periodontology and implant dentistry, particularly through the application of nanoparticles (NPs). This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and translational potential of NPs in these fields. Following a presentation of their classification and discussion of their physicochemical properties, the key biological functions of NPs are summarized. These include antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, sustained drug delivery, and imaging applications. Collectively, these properties hold promise to revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases, improve osseointegration, and enhance both soft‐ and hard‐tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, issues related to biodistribution, biocompatibility, and potential toxicity warrant careful evaluation. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge, highlights recent innovations, and identifies key challenges and future directions to maximize the clinical impact of NPs in periodontology and implant dentistry.

• Samara, Athina & Khalil, Asma (2026). Cardiovascular Changes in Pregnancy: Reference Ranges and Role of Maternal Characteristics. I Maulik, Dev (Red.), Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. Springer Publishing Company. ISSN 9783540230885. s. 21–41. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-10702-2_3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Pregnancy induces profound cardiovascular adaptations that ensure adequate maternal perfusion and fetal development. These changes involve systemic, structural, and functional modifications, driven by hormonal, metabolic, and haemodynamic factors. Maternal blood volume expands with disproportionate plasma volume rise, causing physiologic anaemia, while increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate accommodate growing circulatory demands. Hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, and relaxin mediate vasodilation, reduce systemic vascular resistance, and remodel the vasculature. Additionally, the uteroplacental circulation undergoes extensive vascular remodelling, including spiral artery transformation, enabling low-resistance, high-capacitance blood flow essential for fetal growth. Longitudinally, adaptations evolve across trimesters, with early vasodilation and cardiac output rising in the first, peak blood volume and compliance in the second, and maximal cardiac output with potential vena cava compression in the third. The peri-partum period features dramatic shifts, including auto-transfusion during labour and rapid post-partum normalisation. Non-invasive assessments, such as echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, impedance cardiography, and emerging wearable technologies, can enable monitoring of maternal haemodynamics and placental function. Clinical implications are also significant. Inadequate cardiovascular or uteroplacental adaptation may lead to complications such as pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or placental insufficiency. Standardised protocols for assessing arterial stiffness, cardiac output, venous haemodynamics, and volume homeostasis have been proposed by International Working Groups. Moreover, reference ranges and functional haemodynamic testing further aid risk stratification, whereas future integration of biomarkers, artificial intelligence, and digital health tools promises personalised patient monitoring for improved maternal-fetal outcomes.

• Reese, Jan-Ole; Lund, Ingrid M. Castro; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Saragliadis, Athanasios; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter & Linke, Dirk (2026). A dual-loop chemostat to investigate multi-species biofilms on different materials under adjustable flow conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology. 17. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Natural biofilms are typically composed of a mix of different microbial species and are often exposed to strong shear forces resulting from liquid flow. Simple biofilm models that attempt to study biofilms are based on a single species and on static growth conditions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a modular dual-loop reactor that decouples bacterial cultivation from hydrodynamic exposure, enabling independent control of nutrient availability (and thus, cell density) and flow rate (and thus, shear stress). Importantly, the system allows for testing different surface materials in a systematic manner. To validate our setup, we used a community of six keystone members of oral biofilms in conjunction with titanium materials of defined roughness that mimic dental implant surfaces. We found that biofilm mass, robustness, and species distribution not only differ significantly between static and dynamic growth conditions, but also vary strongly with different flow velocities. The biofilms formed under flow could be separated into two fractions, one that washed away very easily, and a more robust, basal layer. At low shear forces, overall biofilm mass was the highest, but at the expense of biofilm robustness. At medium shear forces, the robust fraction of the biofilm had the highest relative content of extracellular matrix. At the highest flow rates, the biofilm mass was low, but late colonisers (represented by the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) had the lowest relative abundance. This is in accordance with the concept that high flow of saliva reduces the risk of oral disease. Future applications of our system will include the systematic testing of antimicrobial coatings or surface design effects under defined flow regimes, opening the path towards better medical implants.

• Wang, Qiang; Haugen, Håvard Jostein; Linke, Dirk; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter & Ma, Qianli (2026). Residuals of Chemical Cleaning Agents Impair Peri-Implant Cell Viability: An in Vitro Study. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01777. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Chemical debridement agents are commonly used during the cleaning of implants for peri-implantitis treatment; however, how these agents affect lesion healing remains unclear. In addition, the dose- and time-dependent effects of these residuals on implant biocompatibility remain poorly understood. Materials and methods: We evaluated the effects of active compounds in commercial products-3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 0.43% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and 0.12% chlorhexidine with 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CHX-CPC) at graded dilutions on murine osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1), human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs). Cells were cultured for 24 h, then exposed to the agents for 2, 12, or 24 h. Cytotoxicity and viability were assessed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and CCK-8 assays, while cell morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Apoptotic gene expression (BCL2, MCL1, BAX) was analyzed after 2 h using quantitative PCR. Results: At high concentrations, H2O2 and NaClO significantly reduced LDH activity in supernatant, likely due to oxidant-induced enzyme inactivation. All three agents inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by cell shrinkage and deformation. Among the tested cell types, hBMSCs displayed greater resistance to H2O2, maintaining proliferative viability at 0.15% (1:20 dilution). Gene expression analysis revealed that concentrated H2O2 and CHX-CPC downregulated BCL2 and MCL1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, with broader suppression of these genes observed in HGFs across all agents. In hBMSCs, high concentrations of the agents did not significantly reduce BCL2 and MCL1 levels. Conclusion: Residual chemical debridement agents, when inadequately removed, compromise the viability of cells in peri-implant tissues in a dose- and time-dependent manner. hBMSCs exhibited greater resistance to apoptosis than MC3T3-E1 cells and HGFs. Thorough removal of residual chemical cleaning agents after peri-implant debridement is therefore crucial to preserve the biocompatibility of the implant and the healing

• D'Antonio, Francesco; Flacco, Maria Elena; Valle, Lorenza Della; Prasad, Smriti; Manzoli, Lamberto & Samara, Athina [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women's Health. doi: 10.1016/s3050-5038(25)00211-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Concerns have emerged about the impact of paracetamol use in pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, particularly in relation to autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to synthesise available evidence to investigate associations between prenatal paracetamol exposure and autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library from inception to Sept 30, 2025, for cohort studies reporting adjusted estimates of the risk of autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and intellectual disability. Eligible studies used validated questionnaires or medical records to define outcomes, reported maternal comorbidities and treatments, and compared pregnancies with and without paracetamol exposure, whereas unadjusted studies were excluded. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. The primary outcomes were the associations between prenatal paracetamol exposure and the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and intellectual disability. Analyses were restricted to sibling-comparison studies with adjusted estimates, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Random-effects meta-analyses used the generic inverse variance method. Subgroup analyses were performed when possible (trimester, duration of use, offspring sex, and follow-up length). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD420251156690. Findings 43 studies were included in the systematic review, and 17 studies in the meta-analysis. When considering sibling comparison studies, paracetamol exposure during pregnancy was not associated with the risk of autism spectrum disorder (OR 0·98, 95% CI 0·93–1·03; p=0·45), ADHD (0·95, 0·86–1·05; p=0·31), or intellectual disability (0·93, 0·69–1·24; p=0·63). There was also no association between paracetamol intake during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder (OR 1·03, 95% CI 0·86–1·23; p=0·78), ADHD (0·97, 0·89–1·05; p=0·49), or intellectual disability (1·11, 0·92–1·34; p=0·28) when considering only studies at low risk of bias according to QUIPS. This absence of association persisted when considering all studies with adjusted estimates and those with more than 5 years of follow-up. Interpretation Current evidence does not indicate a clinically important increase in the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, or intellectual disability in children of pregnant individuals who use paracetamol as directed, supporting existing recommendations on its safety.

• Samara, Athina & Khalil, Asma (2026). Pregnancy as a stress test: Reframing the fourth trimester as a window of intervention and postpartum precision medicine. Med. ISSN 2666-6359. 7(1), s. 100969–100969. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2025.100969. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Pregnancy triggers profound physiological changes, yet postpartum recovery remains under-recognized despite its predictive significance for lifelong health. The fourth trimester offers a critical window to detect cardiometabolic, immunological, and mental-health vulnerabilities. We propose a precision postpartum medicine framework integrating human-relevant models, longitudinal multi-omics, and AI-enabled risk stratification to transform postpartum care.

• Riordan, Claire; Cappellesso, Vanessa Giaretton; Kumar, Padmapriya Arul; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras; Simonsen, Siri & Gruyaert, Elke [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Development of polyurethane-shelled microcapsules using membrane emulsification for self-sealing cementitious applications. Cement & Concrete Composites. ISSN 0958-9465. 167, s. 106440–106440. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106440. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lauretis, Angela De; Wang, Qiang; Santacroce, Marco; Thiede, Bernd; Ma, Qianli & Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). A Comparative Study of the Impact of Chemical Debridement Products on the Proteomic Profile of the Salivary Pellicle and Cell Adhesion on OsseoSpeed Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244. 17(39), s. 54592–54592. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c14570. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Yang, Yang; Pullisaar, Helen; Reseland, Janne Elin & Ma, Jingzhi (2025). Molecular insights into irisin’s role in the regulation of programmed cell death: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Journal of Molecular Medicine. ISSN 0946-2716. 104(1). doi: 10.1007/s00109-025-02623-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Li, Yi; Huang, Junling; Zhang, Yan; He, Yide; Cai, Dongxuan & Xu, Min [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). LL-37—biofunctionalized titanium improves soft tissue seal surrounding the dental implant from the perspective of optimizing a race to the surface. Regenerative Biomaterials. 12. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbaf117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Perez, Tamara; Portenier, Isabelle; Giannopoulou, Catherine & Zekeridou, Alkisti (2025). Health insurance and socioeconomic disparities in childhood caries. Swiss Dental Journal. ISSN 2296-6498. 135(4), s. 16–26. doi: 10.61872/sdj-2025-04-02. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Social inequalities are strongly associated with disparities in oral health, particularly in the development of childhood caries. This 4-year cohort study analyzed the impact of socioeconomic status (SES)- defined on the basis of the health insurance type- on the prevalence, treatment, and recurrence of dental caries in children. A total of 198 children (21 with social insurance, 177 with private insurance) were included. Caries prevalence at baseline was significantly higher in children with social insurance (95 % with >4 caries) compared to those with private insurance (29 % with >4 caries). No children with social insurance were caries-free, whereas 35 % of those with private insurance were caries-free. Pulpotomy and extraction needs were higher in the socially insured group, with 43 % requiring pulpotomies and 62 % requiring extractions, compared to 12 % and 10 %, respectively, in the privately insured group. General anesthesia (GA) use was more frequent in the socially insured group (72 % vs. 13 %), especially among younger children (100 % of 2-4 years old vs. 25 % in the private insurance group). In contrast, conventional anesthesia was more frequently used in the private insurance group (31 % vs. 14 %). Recall appointments were less frequent in the socially insured group, with 24% having no follow-up, compared to 12 % in the privately insured group. Caries recurrence was higher in the socially insured group (62 % had >3 new carious lesions) compared to the privately insured group, where 38 % of children had no new caries at follow-up. These findings highlight the impact of SES on caries burden, treatment modalities, and the importance of preventive measures for disadvantaged groups.

• Wang, Yi; Jiang, Qixing; Vorlaufer, Dominik; Bismarck, Alexander; Blaker, Jonathan James & Gresil, Matthieu (2025). Application of vitrimer-based sizing agent onto carbon fibres through thiol-ene photo-polymerisation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. ISSN 1359-835X. 202. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109495. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Shanbhag, Siddharth; Mayol, Magdalena; Domic, Danijel; Bobbili, Madhusudhan Reddy; Grillari, Johannes & Alonso, Mariano Sanz [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Cell Secretomes and Extracellular Vesicles for Craniofacial Regenerative Applications. Journal of Periodontal Research. ISSN 0022-3484. doi: 10.1111/jre.70007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Although tissue engineering and cell therapy have been widely investigated as promising regenerative modalities, their clinical translation has partly been limited by a lack of standardization, high costs, and regulatory barriers. Recently, cell-free therapies (CFT) in the form of cell secretomes [conditioned media (CM)] and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as viable alternatives to cell therapies. However, much of the evidence is based on preclinical studies. This scoping review aimed to summarize the current evidence for using human-derived CFT, with a focus on EVs, for craniofacial regeneration. Based on predefined inclusion criteria and a systematic search covering three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science), 122 animal studies (n = 27 CM, n = 95 EVs), and 4 clinical studies (n = 2 CM, n = 2 EVs), mostly reporting on bone and periodontal regeneration, were included. The use of oral-derived CFT, particularly from the periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and gingiva, was frequently reported. A wide range of pre-conditioning strategies, dosages, and delivery methods were tested. The preclinical data revealed a clear adjunctive benefit of CFT with biomaterial scaffolds versus scaffolds alone for bone and periodontal regeneration. Limited clinical data based on small patient groups confirmed the safety and feasibility of CFT, although robust evidence for efficacy is lacking. Finally, several issues related to the clinical translation of CFT have been highlighted for future consideration.

• Hadji, Peyman; Aapro, Matty; Al-Dagri, Nasser; Alokail, Majed; Biver, Emmanuel & Body, Jean Jacques [Vis alle 32 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Management of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss (AIBL) in women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer: An updated joint position statement of the IOF, CABS, ECTS, IEG, ESCEO, IMS, and SIOG. Journal of Bone Oncology. ISSN 2212-1366. 53. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2025.100694. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Breivik, Torbjørn; Gjermo, Per E; Opstad, Per Kristian; Murison, Robert; Hörsten, Stephan von & Fristad, Inge (2025). Brain Structures, Circuits, and Networks Involved in Immune Regulation, Periodontal Health, and Disease. Life. 15(10). doi: 10.3390/life15101572. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Miron, Richard J.; Shirakata, Yoshinori; Ahmad, Paras; Mario, Romandini; Estrin, Nathan E. & Farshidfar, Nima [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). 30 years of enamel matrix derivative: Mimicking tooth development as a clinical concept. Periodontology 2000. ISSN 0906-6713. doi: 10.1111/prd.12635. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stiliyanov-Atanasov, Kristiyan & Basu, Probal (2025). Molecular Self-Reassembled Regenerated Fibres and Their Significance in Tissue Engineering Bio-Composites. Fibers. 13(11). doi: 10.3390/fib13110149. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Samara, Athina; Hanton, Thomas; Thakar, Ranee; Jauniaux, Eric & Khalil, Asma (2025). Impact of climate change and environmental adversities on maternal and fetal health: the role of clinical practices and providers in mitigating effects and prioritising women's health in the UK. Frontiers in Global Women's Health. 6. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1483938. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The climate crisis poses profound risks to women particularly during pregnancy. With rising global temperatures and increasing frequency of extreme weather events, there is an urgent need for health initiatives and guidelines tailored to the unique vulnerabilities of pregnant individuals. We conducted a review of English-language literature from 2000–2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on “climate change,” “pregnancy,” and “maternal health,” and included original studies, reviews. Relevant policy documents, including some published in 2025 were also included. We examine the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change, such as extreme weather events, water scarcity, malnutrition, and exposure to environmental pollutants like contaminated air and water, which directly and indirectly affect maternal and fetal health. The review explores the associations between these environmental stressors and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm births, low birth weight, and developmental complications. These challenges are compounded in low-resource settings where healthcare infrastructure is limited, exacerbating inequities in maternal care. Furthermore, we focus on key areas for further investigation, including the long-term health effects of in-utero exposure to pollutants. The review addresses evidence-based strategies to reduce the environmental impact of healthcare through early interventions, innovation, and strengthened initiatives. It emphasises empowering healthcare professionals to educate others, raise awareness among policymakers, advocate for climate-conscious policies, and promote sustainable practices reducing the carbon footprint of the healthcare system, with a focus on the UK. In response to these pressing concerns, leading professional organizations, such as the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) in the UK, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) in the US, are prioritizing the intersection of climate change and women's health. Their initiatives, which aim to mitigate the climate-change impacts on pregnancies and fetal health by promoting research, raising awareness, and developing actionable strategies, are also highlighted. By amplifying awareness and global collaboration, the suggested strategies aim to protect maternal and fetal health in the face of an escalating climate crisis.

• Kimmie-Dhansay, Faheema; Høyvik, Ann Catrin; Bhayat, Ahmed; Hussain, Faezah; Karunakaran, Arannikah & Kaya, Besime [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Dental anxiety and empathy among undergraduate oral health students in Norway, South Africa and Namibia. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 84, s. 181–181. doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.43424. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose/objectives: Dental anxiety is a common type of fear that can complicate dental treatment. The dental practitioner is crucial in both treating dental fear and anxiety as well as prevent it from arising. The ability to feel empathy is important in that matter. The dental practitioner’s own level of dental anxiety can possibly affect his or her ability to treat patients in an empathetic manner. The aim of this study was to assess and examine the relationship between level of empathy and dental anxiety in undergraduate oral healthcare students from Namibia, South Africa and Norway. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were distributed, and responses were analyzed anonymously. Dental anxiety was assessed using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and empathy level was assessed using Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Data were presented as means or medians and analyzed using a linear regression model in STATA with a 5% level of significance. Results: The response rate was 16.0%, and 298 completed questionnaires were received. MDAS was low in all groups (medians 7–10), however, significantly lower in Norway compared to Namibia and South Africa. The mean TEQ score was 46.8 in Namibia, 47.5 in South Africa and 50.4 in Norway, all above average empathy levels but significantly higher in Norway than in Namibia and South Africa. Conclusions: Oral healthcare students in Africa and Norway showed high empathy and low dental anxiety, which is reassuring for future oral health care professionals.

• Neset, Mikael Thomassen; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Løvås, Kristian; Halsøy, Kathrine; Reikvam, Håkon & Stokland, Ann-Elin Meling [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 104(1), s. e28–e38. doi: 10.1111/aos.17556. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To examine ocular surface changes and inflammatory tear fluid biomarkers in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods: We included 106 Graves' disease (GD) patients (36 without TED, 32 with active and 38 with inactive TED) and 106 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects for ophthalmological evaluation, including ocular surface status and Meibomian gland function. Tear fluid was analysed for 40 inflammatory biomarkers by a Luminex multiplex bead assay. The parameters were compared across subgroups. Results: GD patients with TED had significantly higher median (min–max) Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score than GD patients without TED, with a median score of 31.4 (0–86.4) compared to 7.3 (0–45.8) (p < 0.01). Eleven of 50 patients with moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening TED had a meibum quality score above seven, compared to none of the 20 patients with mild TED (p = 0.027). Tear fluid levels of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) were significantly (p = 0.003) higher in GD patients compared to healthy subjects. CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CCL2 were higher in GD patients with TED compared with GD patients without TED (p = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). As a combined biomarker to distinguish between GD patients with and without TED, OSDI score together with tear fluid levels of CCL2 and CD40L produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.80, with sensitivity of 0.69 at a fixed specificity of 0.80. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate increased tear fluid levels of CD40L and CCL2 in patients with TED, indicating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Increased ocular discomfort in patients with TED could be related to impaired meibum quality.

• Karki, Saujanya; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ekstrand, Kim (2025). Har teletandpleje en plads i forbindelse med mundhygiejne­programmer i de nordiske lande? Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 135(2), s. 4–4. doi: 10.56373/2025-2-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  English summary Has teledentistry a place in connection with oral hygiene performances in the nordic countries? Nor Tannlegeforen Tid. 2025; 135: 120-4. This paper describes teledentistry, the current legislation in Nordic countries regarding this, its effect on oral hygiene based on current literature and discusses if it can work in the Nordic countries. Teledentistry, as telemedicine is defined as the delivery of healthcare services at a distance using various communication technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Currently, there is no clear definition of teledentistry in legislation in any of the Nordic countries. However, there are country specific regulations set by the National Board of Health and Welfare agencies. Concerning the effect of teledentistry on the level of oral hygiene a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 19 RCT studies, revealed a significant reduction in the plaque- and gingival index as well as the incidence of white spot lesions favoring the use of teledentistry compared to conventional strategies. However, there was no effect in the most recently performed RCT study, but the design was not optimal. There are no published studies on this topic from the Nordic countries. In conclusion, teledentistry solutions require increased interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration, technological infrastructure, national legislation, and close collaboration between clinicians, teledentistry stakeholders and policy makers, before it can be an integrated part in oral care in the Nordic countries.

• Koutroulis, Andreas; Menon, Nandita; Kapralos, Vasileios; Ørstavik, Dag Solmund; Pain, Maria Ronessen & Valen, Håkon [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Investigation of the effect of addition/replacement of bioactive glass to hydraulic calcium silicate cement. Dental Materials. ISSN 0109-5641. 41(9), s. 1067–1079. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.06.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Assess the effect of addition or replacement of bioactive glass (BG) on the physico-chemical, antibacterial and biological properties of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement (TCS). Methods Four materials were tested: An experimental cement with 80 % TCS, 20 % zirconium oxide (TZ-base); two modified versions of TZ-base incorporating 20 % BG 45S5 either as TCS-replacement (TZ-bg-R) or addition (TZ-bg-A); and Biodentine (Septodont). Setting time was assessed using ISO 6876:2012 method. Materials were immersed in water or Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with 10 % fetal bovine serum (DMEM-sup). After seven days, water sorption and solubility were assessed using ISO 4049:2019 methods; water uptake and porosity were also calculated; leachate alkalinity and calcium release were assessed with a pH meter and inductively coupled plasma respectively; specimens were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analysis. At one-day, antibacterial properties of material surfaces and leachates were tested against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms; leachate cytotoxicity and cytokine release were assessed with the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Regression models were fitted for all dependent variables. Results Compared to TZ-base, the BG-containing materials had overall increased water sorption, water uptake and porosity; decreased solubility in DMEM-sup; lower calcium release; and generally similar pH, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and cytokine release. All experimental cements were more cytotoxic than Biodentine, but the latter caused higher cytokine release. Significance The BG-incorporation whether added or replacing the cement decreased the solubility in clinically relevant media and did not deteriorate the antimicrobial and biological properties of the materials.

• Linde, Astrid de; Grytten, Jostein Ivar; Skau, Irene & Kinge, Jonas Minet (2025). Maternity Ward Closures and Infant Health Outcomes, Maternal Health Outcomes, and Birth Procedures. Health Economics. ISSN 1057-9230. 35(2), s. 360–376. doi: 10.1002/hec.70053. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sunde, Pia Titterud; Giving, Erika Madeléne; Dilshad, Tabish; Handal, Trude & Ørstavik, Dag Solmund (2025). Radiographic Outcome of Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Primary Apical Periodontitis: Results from a Postgraduate Clinic. Dentistry Journal. 13(12). doi: 10.3390/dj13120593. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jiang, Nan; Kinge, Jonas Minet; Skau, Irene & Grytten, Jostein Ivar (2025). COVID-19 and access to subsidized dental care according to household income. A register-based population study from Norway. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6357. 84, s. 600–606. doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.44938. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The objective of this study was to examine inequalities in access to subsidized dental care according to household income before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. Material and methods: Our data encompassed all individuals aged 20 years and above (n = 3,977,747). The data were analyzed using a linear probability model. The outcome variable was whether an individual had received subsidized dental care, and the main independent variable was net household income. Analyses were carried out with and without the following control variables: gender, age (fixed effects), level of education, immigrant background and place of residence (fixed effects for county). Inequalities were measured using concentration indices. Results: The proportion of adults who received subsidized dental care was 3.10% before lockdown, 0.47% during lockdown and 2.15% after lockdown. The concentration indices were small. The unstandardized concentration indices (without control variables included) were: 0.04 before, 0.002 during and 0.04 after lockdown. The standardized concentration indices (with control variables included) were: 0.02 before, −0.007 during and 0.02 after lockdown. We carried out several supplementary analyses. They all supported our main findings. Conclusion: The lockdown did not lead to inequalities in access to subsidized dental care in Norway according to income.

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• Fiva, Jon H.; Hagen, Terje P. & Sørensen, Rune Jørgen (2026). Kommunal organisering. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215076249. 241 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kommunal organisering er det norske standardverket om kommuner, fylkeskommuner og stat-kommune-relasjoner. Boken både gir en analytisk gjennomgang og en helhetlig beskrivelse av hvordan kommunesektoren fungerer - og hvilke valg som vil forme den i årene som kommer. I 9. utgave (2026) er boken fullstendig revidert og oppdatert. Kommunesektoren står midt i en periode med store strukturelle endringer: aldring i befolkningen, knapphet på arbeidskraft, økt statlig styring og press på generalistkommuneprinsippet. Denne utgaven gir leseren verktøyene som trengs for å forstå - og analysere - disse utviklingstrekkene. Nytt i 9. utgave: Et helt nytt kapittel om kommunal økonomistyring, som analyserer samspillet mellom stat og kommune, vertikal fiskal ubalanse og risikoen for myke budsjettskranker. Et nytt avsluttende kapittel om alternativer for framtiden, der sentrale veivalg - kommunesammenslåing, interkommunalt samarbeid og oppgavedifferensiering - drøftes systematisk. Oppdaterte analyser av kommunereformen og endringer i kommunestrukturen. Nye drøftinger av statlig styring gjennom rettigheter, standarder og øremerking, og hvordan dette gradvis binder opp kommunenes handlingsrom. En grundig analyse av demografiske endringer og arbeidskraftmangel, og hva dette betyr for tjenestetilbud og organisering. Alle figurer og tabeller er oppdatert med nyeste tilgjengelige data. Boken gir leseren en grunnleggende forståelse av hvordan organisasjonsdesign i offentlig sektor påvirker effektivitet, likeverdige tjenester og lokaldemokratiets vitalitet. Kommunal organisering er en sentral lærebok på både bachelor- og masternivå og et uunnværlig referanseverk for alle som arbeider med, forsker på eller tar beslutninger om norsk kommuneforvaltning.

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• Boon, Annique van der; Boer, Rosa de; Groot, Bertwin de; Nakrem, Hans Arne; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras & Ruggiu, Lisa Krämer [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). A promising novel recorder of Earth’s ancient magnetic field: fossil micrometeorites as paleomagnetic archives. doi: https:/royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2026/09/unravelling-magnetic-histories/. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paleomagnetic record from sedimentary rocks is often ambiguous, limiting the recovery of reliable paleomagnetic data, particularly when compared to paleomagnetic data obtained from igneous rocks. I will introduce a novel, unexplored recorder of Earth’s magnetic field: fossil micrometeorites. Micrometeorites (MM) are small cosmic particles (50 μm-2mm) that make up a substantial part of the ~40,000 tons of extraterrestrial material delivered to Earth each year. Many MMs melt during atmospheric entry at altitudes of 80-90 km, transforming into cosmic spherules (CS). During this process, particles oxidise and form new minerals, particularly wüstite and magnetite, which record thermoremanent magnetisations upon subsequent cooling. CS are strongly magnetic and can be extracted from sedimentary rocks. Diagnostic features such as metal beads and vesicles inside some CS allow the reconstruction of their flight trajectory, which can be combined with their magnetisations to reconstruct the polarity of Earth’s magnetic field. While modern CS from Antarctica are already known to be robust recorders of the geomagnetic field, their deep-time counterparts remain almost entirely unexplored. I will present the first results of a paleomagnetic study of anthropogenic magnetite spherules that resemble iron-type (I-type) CS, as well as several Paleozoic I-type CS. These 50-300 μm spherules are measurable with standard paleomagnetic tools and, together with flight trajectories obtained using NanoCT scanning, are capable of opening a new window on the ancient geomagnetic field.

• Saghir, Saloua; Samara, Athina; Hlinkova, Jana & Schiavone, Giuseppe (2026). REUSABLE PLATE-WELL INSERTS WITH HYDROGEL SCAFFOLDS FOR 3D CELL CULTURE. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barkvoll, Pål (2026). Universitetene bygger siloene politikerne ønsker å rive. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/universitetene-bygger-siloene-politikerne-onsker-a-rive/1077022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vi må våge et oppgjør med revirtenkningen i akademia, skriver innleggsforfatteren

• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Diep, My Tien & Hove, Lene Hystad (2026). Risk Indicators for Irregular Dental Attendance Among 65-Year-Olds in Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sødal, Anne Thea Tveit (2026). Bedre samhandling - bedre tannhelse for eldre. Tannstikka : tidsskrift for Norsk tannpleierforening. ISSN 1501-8636. 1/26, s. 26–29. doi: https:/issuu.com/tannpleierforening/docs/tannstikka_1_26. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Samara, Athina & Khalil, Asma (2026). Paracetamol in Pregnancy: Reassurance Amidst Uncertainty. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. ISSN 1470-0328. 133(5), s. 877–883. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.70129. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko; Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari; Hellesø, Ragnhild; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa & Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise (2025). Dental Professionals' Perspectives on Collaboration in Elderly Dental Care. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Høyvik, Ann Catrin; Tønnesen, Espen Andreas & Willumsen, Tiril (2025). Oral helse hos flyktninger og asylsøkere: Status, utfordringer og tilrettelegging av tannbehandling ved psykologiske traumer. Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. doi: 10.18261/ano.50.1.3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The influx of refugees to the Nordic countries entails an increasing need for oral health services to a population with more oral health challenges than the host population. Regardless of originating country, refugees present with high degree of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss, followed by oral pain, infections and impaired oral health-related quality of life. Knowledge about prevention of oral health diseases varies, and information must therefore be culturally adjusted and translated to relevant languages. Psychologically traumatized refugees experience more oral health challenges and are more prone to dental anxiety. It is possible to help these refugees master the dental treatment situation provided the dental practitioner 1) acquires relevant trauma knowledge, 2) spends enough time /avoids signaling stress, 3) avoids surprising the patient with sudden triggers, and 4) provides overview of the consultation step by step.

• Grytten, Jostein Ivar (2025). Models of financing dental care. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grytten, Jostein Ivar; Sørensen, Rune Jørgen & Skau, Irene (2025). Maternal Education and Long-term Health Outcomes for the Next Generation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grytten, Jostein Ivar & Skau, Irene (2025). Is there overuse of orthodontic treatment among children in Norway? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grytten, Jostein Ivar; Skau, Irene & Sørensen, Rune Jørgen (2025). Education and health outcomes. Causal effects and family spillovers. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Homayouni, Amin; Eliassen, Morten; Enoksen, Hanne & Barkvoll, Pål (2025). Erythema multiforme ved luftveisinfeksjon – en sjelden diagnose. doi: 10.56373/68dd1fdfb0087. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Erythema multiforme following a respiratory tract infection – a rare diagnosis A 13-year-old girl with a recent respiratory infection developed pronounced oral ulcerations and was diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM) minor. The infection was attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human bocavirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as indicated by IgG seropositivity. Clinically, no cutaneous involvement was observed. The condition was managed with topical corticosteroid therapy and nutritional support. The patient demonstrated marked clinical remission within four days. This case highlights the importance of considering EM as a potential cause of severe oral lesions in children following respiratory infections and illustrates that localized treatment can be both effective and sufficient in such presentations.

• O'Connell, Brian; Barkvol, Pål; Alajbeg, Ivan & Murphy, Denis (2025). The Association for Dental Education in Europe: 50 Years Enabling Collaborative Activity. European journal of dental education. ISSN 1396-5883. 29(4), s. 647–647. doi: 10.1111/eje.13096. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Golburean, Olga (2026). Health Systems That Learn: From Documentation to Data Reuse in a Cross- Institutional EHR. NTNU Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences . ISSN 9788232697731. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Til tross for fremskritt innen digitalisering i helsesektoren, inkludert utbredt bruk av Elektronisk Pasientjournal (EPJ) systemer, opplever helsepersonell fortsatt utfordringer når det kommer til å få tilgang til nødvendige pasient data på behandlingsstedet. I tillegg kvaliteten på EPJ-data hindres ofte av unøyaktig dokumentasjon og av registrering i formater som vanskeliggjør videre analyse og gjenbruk. Dette hemmer fremgangen mot evidensbasert medisin og bremser utviklingen av et lærende helsesystem (LHS). Målet med dette doktorgradsprosjektet var å bidra med kunnskap om implementering av LHS, samt å vurdere hvordan overgangen til et nytt tverrinstitusjonelt EPJ-system påvirker legenes dokumentasjonspraksis og støtter dem i deres beslutningstaking. Målet ble utvidet til å utforske de oppfattede implikasjonene av denne overgangen på kvalitet og tilgjengelighet av EPJ-data for kvalitetsforbedring og forskning. Denne doktorgradsavhandlingen omfatter totalt fire studier. Studie I presenterer en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang med mål om å identifisere implementeringer av LHS for å gi anbefalinger om implementeringsstrategier, suksessfaktorer, barrierer og rapporterte resultater. Gjennomgangen fulgte PRISMA-retningslinjene og inkluderte totalt 37 artikler i den endelige analysen. Flere barrierer for implementering av LHS ble identifisert, inkludert problemer knyttet til interoperabilitet, utfordringer relatert til EPJ-systemer, og lederskap, blant annet. Funnene understreker også at selv om teknologisk infrastruktur var avgjørende for implementeringen av LHS, var andre faktorer, som engasjement av tverrfaglige team i beslutningsprosesser, også nødvendig. Studie II benyttet en deskriptiv kvalitativ forskningsdesign og omfattet deltakende observasjoner og individuelle semi-strukturerte intervjuer med leger ved et Universitetssykehus i Midt-Norge, som har gått over til et nytt tverrinstitusjonelt EPJ-system. Målet var å vurdere virkningen av denne overgangen på legers dokumentasjonspraksis og identifisere faktorer som påvirker deres preferanser mellom fritekst og strukturert og standardisert dokumentasjonsmetoder. Totalt ble 12 leger observert i omtrent 44 timer til sammen, og 10 leger ble intervjuet. Av de som ble intervjuet, hadde 8 også deltatt i tidligere observasjoner. Funnene indikerer at den nye EPJ-systemet har ført til en øking i strukturert og standardisert dokumentasjon sammenlignet med forrige systemet. Imidlertid forblir fritekst den foretrukne dokumentasjonsmetoden. Resultatene avdekker også en mistillit blant legene ovenfor noe av de strukturerte og standardiserte dataene. Denne mistilliten var knyttet til bevisstheten om at mange kolleger foretrekker fritekst dokumentasjon og/eller ikke oppdaterer standardiserte data i EPJ-systemet. Legers valg av dokumentasjonsmetoder påvirkes av en rekke sosiale og teknologiske faktorer. Studie III benyttet en mixed-methods forskningsmetode, som kombinerte både kvalitative og kvantitative datainnsamlingsmetoder. Den kvalitative komponenten av denne studien samsvarer med den i Studie II, som beskrevet tidligere. Den kvantitative delen baserte seg på spørsmål hentet fra et validerte Finske spørreskjema (NuHISS). Spørreskjemaene ble distribuert via e-post til alle leger ansatt ved sykehuset, hvor de kvalitative dataene for studiene II og III ble samlet inn. Målet med denne studien var å vurdere legers oppfatninger av det nye EPJ systemet med hensyn til 1) kvaliteten, tilgangen og presentasjonen av pasientdata, samt 2) EPJ-systemets effektivitet i å støtte samarbeid og kommunikasjon med pasientene. Totalt deltok 354 leger av 1 476 i undersøkelsen, noe som ga en svarprosent på 24 %. Funnene fra både de kvalitative og kvantitative dataene avdekket bekymringer knyttet til presentasjonen av pasientdata innenfor det nye EPJ-systemet, samt blandede meninger om dets rolle i å støtte samarbeid og kommunikasjon med pasientene. De kvalitative dataene fremhevet videre problemer relatert til informasjons-overflod og defragmentering. Imidlertid pekte informantene også på fordeler med det nye systemet, som forbedret tilgang til pasientdata ved behandling og enklere oppfølging av innlagte pasienter. I tillegg avdekket de kvalitative dataene at legene ikke var kjent med visse funksjoner i det nye systemet. Studie IV benyttet et utforskende kvalitativt forskningsdesign som inkluderte individuelle semi-strukturerte intervjuer med 11 deltakere. Deltakerne bestod av forskere og dataanalytikere fra Universitetssykehuset, hvor dataene til studiene II og III ble samlet, samt dataanalytikere fra selskapet ansvarlig for implementeringen av det nye EPJ-systemet. Hensikten med studien var å undersøke den opplevde kvaliteten og tilgjengeligheten av pasientdata i det nye EPJ-systemet, med særlig fokus på kvalitetsforbedring og forskning, samt å identifisere potensielle fordeler, barrierer og utfordringer. Funnene indikerte at flere av kvalitetsforbedringstiltakene som ble etablert ved sykehuset før implementeringen av det nye EPJ-systemet, ble forstyrret etter innføringen. Flere informanter påpekte også at det eksisterte en hierarkisk struktur i prioriteringen av data mottakere, for eksempel kvalitetsforbedringsformål, og at det var begrensede personalresurser tilgjengelig for kvalitetssikring og validering av data, noe som vanskeliggjorde rettidig levering av data til slike formål. Til tross for dette uttrykte informantene en optimisme om at den tverrinstitusjonelt EPJ-system, vil kunne forbedre mulighetene for kvalitetsforbedringsarbeid og forskning på sikt. De bemerket imidlertid at systemet krever en lengre driftsperiode for å realisere sitt fulle potensial på dette området. Samlet sett viser dette doktorgradsavhandlingen både fremtidige muligheter og utfordringer forbundet med implementeringen av det nye EPJ-systemet, og hvordan dette kan støtte overgangen til et lærende helsesystem.

• Agger, Anne Eriksson (2026). 3D Models of Inflammation: The Future of Oral In Vitro Pathophysiology? Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788283271096. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Establishing human-relevant in vitro models of oral inflammatory diseases is essential to assess cell mechanisms and potential therapies. Such models aim to replicate key aspects of the in vivo environment, including cell and matrix interactions, ECM composition and metabolic activity. However, accurately reproducing the multifactorial nature of oral inflammation is challenging. 2D cell culture systems are traditionally used, yet 3D models more closely mimic tissue cytoarchitecture, signaling, tissue remodeling, and functional responses. In this thesis, clinically derived samples were explored to ensure that model development was grounded in human pathology. A 2D inflammation protocol was established, and adapted for a 3D model, which was further optimized by incorporating hypoxic conditions to enhance physiological relevance while maintaining high reproducibility and scalability. The resulting 2D and 3D fibroblast-based models represent simplified native-tissue versions and reproduced key features of oral inflammation, including cytokine secretion, ECM degradation, and cytoskeletal alterations. These processes are central to the development of chronic inflammatory disease.

• Aardal, Vilde Eika & Willumsen, Tiril (2026). The Complexity of Dental Anxiety: Exploring Variables Associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Abuse, and Psychological, Somatic, and Dental Health. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788283271089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne avhandlingen undersøker kjennetegn ved pasienter med alvorlig tannbehandlingsangst. Siden tannhelsepersonell ofte møter denne pasientgruppen, er kunnskap om deres utfordringer viktig for klinisk praksis. Avhandlingen består av tre studier som utforsker ulike aspekter ved alvorlig tannbehandlingsangst. Den første studien undersøkte oral helserelatert livskvalitet og faktorer som påvirker denne. Den andre studien sammenlignet personer med tannbehandlingsangst som rapporterte å ha vært utsatt for overgrep, med personer som ikke rapporterte overgrep. Den tredje studien beskrev pasienter som hadde behov for tannbehandling i narkose. På tvers av studiene hadde deltakerne høy grad av både tannbehandlingsangst og generell angst, samtidig som de rapporterte at deres orale helse hadde en sterk negativ påvirkning på hverdagen, altså dårlig oral helserelatert livskvalitet. Faktorer som var forbundet med dårligere oral helserelatert livskvalitet, var tannbehandlingsangst, alder, tid siden siste tannlegebesøk og grad av generelle angstsymptomer. Sammenlignet med personer uten rapportert overgrepserfaring hadde de som rapporterte overgrep mer uttalte generelle angstsymptomer, dårligere oral helserelatert livskvalitet og høyere grad av angst knyttet til tap av kontroll og følelsen av skam. Blant pasienter med alvorlig tannbehandlingsangst som trengte tannbehandling i narkose, ble det funnet svært dårlig tannstatus, høy forekomst av psykiske og somatiske helseutfordringer samt hyppig bruk av legemidler. Psykiske lidelser og somatiske helseutfordringer var vanligere blant dem som rapporterte overgrepserfaringer enn blant dem som ikke gjorde det. Dette understreker behovet for tilpassede behandlingstilbud. Tannbehandlingsangst opptrer altså ofte sammen med redusert oral helserelatert livskvalitet og betydelige psykiske og somatiske helsebelastninger, særlig hos personer som har opplevd overgrep. For noen pasienter er tilgang til tannbehandling i narkose nødvendig for å kunne behandle alvorlige tannproblemer som ellers ikke lar seg håndtere. Samlet sett viser resultatene at tannbehandlingsangst er et komplekst og sammensatt fenomen som tannhelsepersonell bør ha kjennskap til.

• Lauretis, Angela De (2026). Decontamination of Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces: Mechanical and Chemical Strategies Targeting Salivary Proteins. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788283271072. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This thesis presents mechanical and chemical methods for the removal of salivary proteins from titanium dental implant surfaces while preserving surface biological properties. Salivary proteins form a conditioning layer on implant surfaces that affects bacterial adhesion, highlighting the importance of understanding how cleaning methods affect these proteins. A titanium brush demonstrated efficient mechanical decontamination, removing salivary proteins while maintaining surface properties relevant for healing. Poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogels were used as chemical decontamination agents, showing effective removal of salivary proteins, particularly when combined with hydrogen peroxide, while maintaining cytocompatibility. The combined application of mechanical and chemical approaches further promoted decontamination efficiency and supported cell adhesion. Sterilization studies on the P407 hydrogels revealed that moist heat and electron beam irradiation preserved their functionality, whereas dry heat and gamma irradiation induced degradation. Overall, the findings support the use of titanium brushes and P407 hydrogels as complementary tools for titanium implant surface decontamination.

• Papageorgiou, Spyridon (2026). Objective assessment of orthodontic fixedappliance treatment outcome and stability. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788283271058. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fixed orthodontic appliances are widely used to treat malocclusions because they enable predictable, cliniciancontrolled three-dimensional tooth movement across a broad range of malocclusions, largely independent of patient compliance. At the same time, substantial variation exists in appliance design, wire-bracket combinations, and clinical treatment protocols. The clinical significance of these variations with respect to biomechanical behavior, treatment outcomes, and long-term stability is not fully clarified. Anterior torque control is a key component of orthodontic treatment and remains biomechanically demanding. In addition, evidence regarding the effectiveness of fixed-appliance treatment evaluated using objective outcome measures is limited and heterogeneous. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate biomechanical and clinical factors associated with treatment outcomes and long-term stability following orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. More specifically, the thesis examined torque expression under different biomechanical conditions, compared treatment outcomes achieved with different appliance systems, and evaluated the relationship between occlusal outcome and posttreatment stability. It was hypothesized that appliance-related and biomechanical factors would influence torque control and treatment outcomes, and that higher-quality occlusal results would be associated with improved long-term stability. The thesis comprises four studies (Papers I–IV). Paper I is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of fixed orthodontic treatment using objective occlusal indices. Paper II presents three-dimensional finite element analyses of torque expression and stress distribution within the tooth–periodontal ligament–appliance system using different wire and bracket combinations. Paper III is a retrospective clinical study comparing torque control, treatment duration, and occlusal outcomes in patients treated with pre-programmed appliances at the University of Oslo and standard Edgewise appliances at the University of Zurich following premolar extraction and anterior retraction. Paper IV examines the association between occlusal outcome and long-term stability, including relapse, based on follow-up data from the same clinical material. All patients included in Papers III and IV had undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in combination with premolar extractions for various malocclusions. Treatment outcomes were assessed using validated occlusal indices and cephalometric measurements of tooth inclination. In total, twenty-four three-dimensional finite element models were analyzed, 156 patients were included in the clinical studies, and data from twenty randomized controlled trials comprising 1,470 patients were synthesized. The results showed that effective anterior torque expression was primarily achieved with fully dimensioned stainless steel archwires in combination with ceramic brackets, although this configuration was associated with increased stress within the bracket system. Pre-programmed appliances demonstrated superior torque control compared with standard Edgewise appliances and achieved comparable occlusal outcomes within a shorter treatment duration. Occlusal outcomes were not significantly influenced by appliance type or adjunctive procedures, whereas premolar extractions were consistently associated with improved results. Patients with superior occlusal outcomes exhibited less long-term relapse; however, relapse was observed in a substantial proportion of patients despite the use of fixed retention. In conclusion, biomechanical conditions, appliance characteristics, and occlusal outcome are critical factors influencing the outcome of orthodontic treatment and its long-term stability. Paying particular attention to torque control of the anterior teeth and occlusal finishing appears important for improving stability of the treatment results in the long term.

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